This week and tomorrow today dw science program. The 2nd thing seen this. Somebody in the switch town not saw from zurich. People in protective gaps striding through and then the Garden Spring insecticide. The goal is to wipe out to any japanese beetles as fast as possible. The authorities think that a small population estimated it between a 100 and a 1000. Insects is established that the 1st time an infestation of this size is a cut most of the out sofa. And the single beetles have been detected. Officials immediately sounded the alarm and stuffy doing Everything Possible to stump out the pest completely. Because one thing is clear, dont settle for enough talk, europe is watching clothing understand that. And everyone is keen to see whether we manage to eradicate them. Besides, the situation is not just very important for switzerland, but also internet generally is to be to isnt stop until its long term spread throughout. Europe grows much more likely and that could have trusted consequences. So agriculture that future scenario is already reality in northern italy. For years, the japanese beetle has been eating its way through the regions. Vineyards may not use vinyati is regularly infested. The winemaker has to pick the beatles office, finds one at a time and never ending task bus. Its the only way to save, at least the cost of his harvest. C o bus died separate or its frustrating, but you just have to do in order to use an equation. And its much more frustrating when you see them eating up the vine. Giovanni, both you and a colleague from the countries agricultural office, the trying to get the japanese veto under control in the last few years, populations of the past to exploded. And that causing serious damage that before the spread of the japanese beetle is a huge problem for a range of crops. And certainly not the hearts of them arrive and start eating the leaving mice damage. They caused severe months out of look for you think its not really deep following the plans. They forget c o n a. The piano in the early 20th century, the japanese be told was 1st introduced from its native country to the us and soon spread to canada. In the us alone, it causes several 100000000. 00 in crop damage annually. Then in the early 19 seventies, the insect to make the lead to europe. At 1st im need to be as those are due to eventually reached mainland to europe in 2014, in northern italy. Its established to quickly multiply and explicitly in 2017 the be to also spread switzerland for a long time. It was found only in the southern count on us to chino, the outs form a natural barrier that prevented further spread until recently, at least when they were also found north of the range. Because the be to calculation of p is small. And finally, to those the next, but hope it can be white house thats no longer a possibility south of the alps into chino or northern easily. Tim hi is an invasive pests specialist at the copy. An International Non profit research. He sites there are about 12000000 beetle lobby in the soil and miss paul colored directly with thats notation. Thats a Huge Population for this tiny area alone. And then of course, it poses a problem for agriculture and the environment here with such Huge Populations eradication is no longer an option. But containment might be in his lab. Tim hi, is that for looking for ways to keep the beetle in check. One method involves the parasitic flight, the principle is simple. The fly lays its eggs from the beatles back. Lovely developing them in just 24 hours. The 1st law, but the hatch quickly bows into the body of the beetle and proceeds to devour it from the inside. Then p pates and eventually images as an adult find the following spring. Only one slide develops puppy to do that, but there is still many open questions like whether the fly only powers. The ties is japanese. Beetles such as at the english Gate Institute have made more progress. They are also looking for effective biological ways to combat the invasive and special fungus session promise as a weapon. Its being intensively tested under quarantine conditions. The original plan was to infect the navi, with the fungus ive seen here in time lapse footage. The research has tested what happened to lobby the winter in an experimental field, seated with the fungus. When spring came, they monitored whether it has an impact on the japanese be told population as the fungus can decimate. The pests close relatives, ladybugs, and june bugs. But the results with the japanese beetle but disappointing the fungus have little effect on it. Snobby. Lots of them. Yeah, fantastic. Unfortunately, japanese diesel love am much more robust than native diesel. I was like 80 bucks in june, but let me say spell it us. We found that the fund moves food we used just didnt have the effect we would have, like i said. So for now, the research focuses back on adult insects. Scientists have sprayed leaves with fungal, spose, and put them in containers with beatles. They dont even have to eat. Simple contact is enough. Assemble, suppose grow into the insect and kids in a few days. B, s for this or dot, the dvd, its the 1st results weve seen from the lab or very encourage you to get seen. Thats the key for you. We solve it practically 100 percent of the beatles can be killed by these phone guy in just a few days throughout the cronum. So were feeling quite positive on this. Ive seen vague, at least suppose that theyve had of course were now looking at how we can build on this success and, and via the how we can get the method out in the field, us, and it the practices file and then do fox if seen, also field trials already underway, it will still take some time however, before the 1st results are available. Its debatable whether the japanese be to can actually be kept out of Northern Europe forever. Climate change models indicate Lodge Concert the continent could soon offer the conditions it needs to strife. Dinosaurs admitted their fair share of Greenhouse Gases. One theory even holds that that might have contributed to their demise. The animals weve domesticated also produce plenty of gases that are bad for the climate. Livestock finding makes up a significant portion of human induced emissions to change that we would need to cut down on the number of animals we would is for food or possibly make the ones we have less destructive. Researchers in new zealand are interested in the sheet because of their digestive gases. Some will spend an hour today an experimental chambers at the inver Cargo Research farm. The method reveals which animals excel lots of the climate damage and gas me thing, and which burnout less of it. Scientist suzanne rile, explains that 90 percent of Greenhouse Gas emissions come from an animals mouth not at the rear end. So im taking a sample of a break in the volume of this, and im using the gauge, how much me to a unit. So the compared to so contemporaries and i can use that to run on the individually because some animals also meant that be slightly differently and they give it to the others. So what were looking for those low low emissions and those low emitters in bread with one another row has been pursuing the odor intensive program for 11 years after 3 generations for flock now and sales, 13 percent less, methane gas. Then at the start of the experiment may say we can make a difference. We can make a difference quickly if we lower the amount of me thing in the environment. We can very quickly have an impact was if we lower the amount of comfortable selling in volume and were having a massive impact in the long term. The short term impact, we wont see you as much. So its, its a real opportunity for, for the launch stuff in the streets and make a really about an hour away from the research station is leon blacks farm. Hes a 4th generation chief farmer. Black is one of the 1st to put the scientists principles into practice. He breed sheets that have better breath 11. But in the process you cant forget about bottom line is animals still need to produce plenty of meat. And well, the heart was always said if you had a more efficient room and a more to that, put the units and the things like home mode will make and that looks for you to tie. So were selecting animal which i to utilize feed beta. Dont put out be fine um and put more into drugs. Its kind of like the when, when such, when, when situations are urgently needed in news events which has determined to become climate neutral by 2050 to get the government has now investing millions in the development of new technologies for agriculture. Like here at the Palmerston North campus, new wedlock has been working for 15 years on another promising project, a vaccine against methane gas as in animals. One that would work in towels as well as cheap, so heavy work and for quite some but some time. But we are making good progress. Were study showing that you can vaccinate animals and they can produce antibodies against the sandwiches and the saliva. Weve done some studies that show they produce enough anti bodies to see it basically, coat all of them, assignments in the room and but former Prime Minister just send a order and didnt want to wait for a new anti birth injection and decided to take on farmers to achieve climate goals per party wanted methane gas submitted by cows and sheep to drop by up to 47 percent by 2050. To push that agenda. Farmers are supposed to pay an emissions tax starting in 2025, a world 1st. A proposal as it stands means these humans from is a seat to be the 1st in the world to reduce agricultural emissions. Positioning, our biggest export market to the competitive advantage that brings in a world increasingly discerning about the provenance of the search. But not everyone is on board with the governments idea there of in protest. Many farmers fee or the extra costs will hit the countries agriculture industry to hard hits. New zealand is main export sector that does sheep farmer, leon black, g 2 is angered by the governments plans and thinks the tax is unfair. Even his clean turbo sheet emit too much to exempt him from it. Many sheet farmers would have no choice but to reduce the size of their flocks and hurts. Even though Animal Husbandry in new zealand is already among the most environmentally friendly in the world. I believe theres more gain through my that way that limits is what i know. I think its really unrealistic. For a government decide 40 or 50 the same, its just magic very, very disappointed. I like thoughts not strange for you on the experimental form. The testing is over for the day scientist susanne ro understands the farmers concerns. But she also sees the potential in her super she and she believes that new zealand could become a Global Pioneer in the industry. We dont really know how far we can go. We, we know the, in the, in, in these folks were going very quickly. But if we apply that to our normal breathing floor, then were seeing a sort of 2 to 3 percent drugs per year. So were seeing a considerable difference. And what has already works for new zealand sheep is now to be tested in other domesticated species. Next on the list, reading low and meeting cows youd never consume this intentionally, but we do it. Unaware. Studies have found we ingest around 5 grams of micro plastic every week. The equivalent by weight of a credit card. The super fine particles are now everywhere in the air. We breathe. The water we drink, the food we micro plastics are in the soil too. Of course, and fertilizers add more all the time. But can they also migrate from there into plants . Visible retreat is all about food safety. My life doesnt that would save him. We know that there is a lot of micro plastic in the soil in the environment. Is patricia and in this project were investigating different uptake pathways or from the, one of the mystery, the routes, and then into the leaves. If tiny plastic particles are in the water, all soil tons might absorb and to find out which back is going to influence uptake. The researches here simulate processes in the lab using pock choice evenings. Here for game will be a dumb novel to do so we bought nano and mike cray, plastic suspended in most of the, in the pronouncement side, couldnt, dont be to then later we can detect the posit coles, the to that on the distribution. And the plants lie or died that sometimes to based costing cause i t for title indifference. So now lies under the microscope. The died microphone stakes lights up red. As expected, the pipe choice ceilings of absorbs particles through the roots. Offended opt out, disaster absorption, these red dots or this reddish mirror is also found in the rest of the room. All that means its not only absorbed somewhere and then sticks there, but its also somehow being transported inside the plant and we dont know how that happens. You put the plastic, finds ways from the root area to other areas of the plans in both supervisor and the vice and defense tomatoes, asparagus radishes and older plans to expand and did with. So the phone, the 2 scientists have been able to detect plastic residues, but even root this organisms are susceptible. A neighboring nevada tree house is the largest collection of snow allergy in the world that ive picked out to that are a bit interesting from a food perspective on one is carmella. Its a single cell green algae sold in health food stores. So thats the reference to food. Then theres po jacqueline, which is the diet tom that produces valuable omega 3 fatty acids. The o g o key to the Research Project problem. And i thought we need a simple system to start out with our experiments. I had a single cell, algae is easier to work with in a complex plant or tree. Obviously its much easier to try many things out on such a relatively primitive system. It as long as there are some species of algae that seem to take up plastic very well. Why dont appear to have no problem with absorbed or micro plastic particles in terms of appearance and growth. We dont see any differences. Thats why the selected algy are pretty interesting because theyre different species from different branches of the evolutionary tree. And thats an old mission by so it says unable them on is using a mass spectrometer to investigate the precise effects of plastic particles uptake on organisms. The instruments analyzes the exact mass of various molecular constituents if the micro caustics cause even the smallest anomalies, they can be detected. Home s im not supposed to. So we have the 1st indications that some compounds of presidency and lower concentrations, others in higher concentrations shown on these include secondary plan to compound x, which bounce normally produced to protect themselves from in so far, they help protect it from lights or attack by insects in the researches on to efficiently create particles like those that come from ty, away the use of greenhouse plastics or garbage and the modem. Well, theres no shortage of full system like for plastics. No one wants caustic in the food, but how much home is its consumption . Actually due to us humans, chicago versus in canada and for i would love to be able to monitor that question. And i hope we can do so in the future. Couldnt video the 6 months. As of now, we still come to assess the risk to the plant itself or to the consumers or animals that eat these pounds, crystal no fish option. Seals and the goal is to ensure no plastic ends up on our plates in the 1st place. In the future, the researches want to work on ways to remove it from contaminated organisms. Until then i would find it straightforward via rationally, it would probably be best to avoid nano and might quite plastics. Not would have many Positive Side effects. So those people on the environment, but plastic use is on the right. As this, its important tree consumption, buying food, clean Drinking Water is scarce in many places on earth. The drive to tap new sources has let us to drill ever deeper wells. In some places, fall collection is an option and Others Energy intensive dissemination plants turn see water. Fresh purification systems are elaborate and expensive to operate. But does all the water we consume have to be the same . High quality, for instance, does water used to irrigate, feels have to be as clean as tap water. So 1st bounce this field of feed. Colin looks much like any other thoughts. Its actually an irrigation experiment that could pioneer war to be cycling methods in gemini and elsewhere. And its treated wastewater is being used in agriculture as yet unknown practice for gem and thomas. But one that could seem be vital for the region south of funding. The soil here has become particularly dry in my god sky, and there was no significant rain fall in may. Again, were now already assuming 20 percent crump losses or most of may all the way up until the middle of june. So 6 weeks and all it was far too dry. Nico hood, as pumps must have water, it to naples, growth and stability, nutrient transport. And so to synthesis the last few days of june, at least so some rain. But the pharma comp, really easy when it around gets dry, it gets hard. That means the long dry spell is still visible and hes coating plants with the principal to back here. You can see this plants root system, but its clearly too small. Is that in the lateral roads here should already be longer and penetrate deeper and the teeth that we keep talking. Id say the soil is compact due to the dry spell continue. This corn plant couldnt send roots deep enough to reach the water below. Thats why its much smaller yard. The reason this plan that regular watering would be too expensive. Well, ground water was a sketch, results in the region, but theres plenty of readily available water nearby in the sewage plant next to me covered as cornfield via um. Yup. Well talk, we discharge up to 1100 cubic meters of treated gray water into the black else the river every day. Thats well, thats water thats removed from the region. The natural waterside color as low as daily going into grey will say, is treated wastewater, but no said drinking quality. Its long. Been used for irrigation in southern europe, so nothing gemini back could soon change a new e. U regulation with uniform rules went into force at the end of june. All Sewage Treatment counts in the block that comply and now allowed to divert war to agriculture. Of the project to you is the 1st in gemini lava degree rotate constantly be sprayed onto the fields as it is because all the pathogens that are currently present in the population are also still pump. The reflected on the Water Treatment plant can get a low town, but not everyt