we still have time to go. i'm going all with what 5th? i am here in a sparse, rocky landscape and jordan, a mysterious grave has been discovered in the 9000 year old resting place of a young girl who is buried below the floor of a house in a stone age settlement. ah, the girl was buried alongside valuable, elaborate grave goods which will most likely symbols of a great sense of love and loss. meet us as humans settled, the dead became part of everyday life. whole people increasingly related to those they had lost and to their ancestors. upon and the archaeologists who un of the remains of the 8 year old child named her shamella the beautiful ah, with what happened all those thousands of years ago. and what does the grave reveal about life in basha? this neolithic settlement with the 26th of june 2018 in basha. the years excavations are drawing to a close and the archaeologists are carefully recovering the final artifacts from the site. it is business as usual until the team suddenly comes across shimaya's grave. they are amazed by their discovery i. the grange was extremely elaborate as all the grave goods alongside jemila remains i would say that the necklace of this child is outstanding. it is a fascinating piece of jewelry to cleanse off against. it gives you, goosebumps, it's incredible. even compared to ancient petra was one times taught the berry treasures taken to germany for further examination, the restoration experts. andrea fisher and ali spoke heart prepare the beats so that the archeologist hi le let us. she can reconstruct the necklace which will then be returned to jordan. suddenly, the modern world is brought to a standstill by a virus. international travel largely ceases, and national borders a closed. finally, in autumn of 2021, the experts from the fly only vegetate berlin's ex, already and to scientific association, are able to return with jamil as were stored. necklace or the stone age artwork is to receive a special place in the new petra museum. near the basha excavation site. archaeological discoveries are only allowed to be taken out of jordan for research purposes. but they remain the country's property. before jemila necklace is mounted in the museum, the restoration experts and archaeologists make another visit to the discovery site . what will they uncovered this time? hans kia ca, gabe who came to barge in 1984 and has overseen the excavations ever since austin khaled read z ad i li, fazel, and mohammed a members of the marine tribe of some of them have spent decades assisting with the excavations along with their families many of the local bedouins once lived in and around neighboring petra, as tourism became increasingly important. the jordanian government moved them into a purpose built village albania. the village is also the base camp. for the barger archaeologists, the necessary equipment is stored in one of el bait. as simple houses the team only ever take what they really need with them. as getting to the site is extremely difficult. with the pickups, make their way through the dusty rocky landscape to the entrance into the deep barsha gorge. the spouse vegetation here requires irrigation to grow these large trees, on the other hand, grew without human interference. they marked the beginning of a gorge shaped by masses of water, of a thousands of years known locally as a seek from here, the team has to continue on foot. the luggage makes the climb even more challenging . multiple journeys are required to transport everything to the site. despite the difficulties, the seek remains the easiest way to access the well hidden location. it is safe to assume that people took the same route to the settlement, 9000 years ago. somewhat unsurprisingly, father was 1st discovered by a mountaineer. more than 30 years ago, the austrian climb. i came across some stone age tools at the foot of one of the rock walls, hans kia ca gabor's, learned of the discovery and set out to investigate, guided by curiosity and lock. in 1984 gabriel had to navigate the gorge without equipment. these days. free land is remain in place in the seek during the excavations while the others are required at the site itself. the remote head and location of the stone age village, protected the artifacts from grave robbers. and from late a human expansion and construction towards the top of the seek, opens up to reveal the high plateau. the archaeologists have named barsha after the surrounding mountains valley on benson hans kia ca gabor's find themselves in familiar surroundings. but it is the 1st time andrea fisher and alleys poor cod, had laid eyes on the excavation site, which amelia's grave and the beads. the 2 restoration experts have now been working on for almost 2 years, were found for thousands of years, the only visitors to this place consisted of occasional goat herders. the 9000 year old village was discovered during the removal of the 1st layer of earth. archaeologists can only base their conclusions on materials able to survive for millennia, such as rock, horn, bone, or shell. the jordanian archaeologist, an art historian, serene al baki, uses the scientific results of her colleagues, as well as her knowledge and her imagination to bring the village back to life. i'll show baki was part of the excavation team in 2018 and has developed a strong bond with the ancient site. it is the 5th time maryan bens has visited barsha in 2018. she and holler at us. she uncovered jemila grave. that's over for the me. basha is like winning the lottery to him and i was able to excavate a number of graves that told me a lot about ancient and social structures. that is my specialist else. denial mind that transition from nomadic to sedentary ways of life and the resulting social changing se. as with child find in barger, one of the oldest villages discovered to date this transition occurred around 9000 years ago along with jericho and hazel faster and other places. basha is part of the so called mega site phenomenon along the jordan rift valley, which introduced new socio economic patterns to the area. oh, initial settlements were founded here around a 1000 years, b. c. d settlements expanded covering areas of up to 16 hector's. then banished again. barza lies approximately half way between the red sea and the dead sea. at the edge of waddy arbor, the dead sea region acts as a form of natural archive for geologists and hydrologists. the strata, or layers of rock and soil reflect the climatic conditions of the past. a warm period began around 12000 years ago, causing glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise. the changing climate resulted in cold, damp, winces, and hot summer months. ideal conditions were growing grain and legumes. these changes, along with the fertile soils allowed previously nomadic peoples to settle in one place. villages sprung up and then expanded their inhabitants farmed land and enjoyed the new found leisure opportunities at the time, the landscape between a man and october probably looked similar to the north of modern day jordan, where reforestation efforts are now proving successful. to date it is not known how the people who lived on the plateau gained access to water. there was no indication that there was a spring in the vicinity. did the villagers perhaps used to seek as a reservoir? and what did this remote plato look like at the time? you know, life is changing from bus until now, and i don't know, we have many things that make high temperature in the loft and, and before in the site they have like cam water source around. the site indicate from the tools the lift to it's also when you find them to use the po and getting like see, and this is indicate that they use it for planets, and it was good is even scorned blither. death the people of vasa lived our farming and their livestock, lance. they primarily grew lagoons and we have found conclusive proof that they formed pays that the alps as a her animal protein was provided by sheep and goats and zones would do shop. we assume that the field stretched out towards valley arabic and were also located up here towards the east of the arabian plateau. pushed him while the arbor at the time this mount, the beginning of the vast stems which are now desert, or yet the calls and stepan unpinned. so the american side, or to boost ist population numbers increased rapidly. carbohydrates were now readily available, which was not the case for hunter gatherer societies. women were therefore able to give birth every 2 years, rather than every 4 to 5 years. but why would people choose to settle in such a constricted area? there would have been a limited amount of land available for farming and access to water was as problematic then as it is now for tyler z even darling does as up one of the advantages of this location is that it is quite remote law. in addition, at once, it was settled, there was little chance of territorial dispute. yeah. then the people may have argued amongst themselves over land life, but there was no outside threat. it's also muffin of a neat mammoth on the because space was limited. dwellings were built close together layer by layer. the work is advanced further into the past. some of the walls reach depths of around 4 meters, which suggests the buildings had at least 2 stories. ah, the rooms are small and have little no daylight. the excavations confirmed that they were largely use for food preparation and storage as yet, there is no indication of any part. so lanes between the buildings never can. we can say with some confidence that the settlement was very densely constructed. wherever we dug, we uncovered walls hung my one, it is increasingly clear that the little rooms be excavated and the initial phases were too small for people to live in the i'm of we therefore assume that much of the village is life to place on the roofs and in nature of the hole in the la to off that to fall as hunters and gatherers, small numbers of humans had spread out across bos territories. now hundreds lived close together for marianna benson. this raises a number of questions. how was the people lived in houses built side by side for at least 500 years often, but largely without any apparent conflict. it's hard to imagine that the neighbor wasn't 500 meters or a kilometer away, but right next door, exactly. that is extremely socially challenging. enormous, it allows for the home little is known of how the people of the time organized their lives. what rules were stablish to protect social cohesion, and which familial constellations made use of the buildings. and how since were pushing jojo gretzky of the german archaeological institute examines the bones found during the excavation to learn more about how the people were related to each other, the ages and the causes of death. dick not the bones are very fragile and when he brushed the dirt away, you can see them very clearly. but as soon as he picked them up, they fall apart and we have to reconstruct them in the laboratory and are therefore unable to obtain the results. we can get from well preserved skeletons nonetheless, guleski is able to come to some initial conclusions thus, yes, and this is a child skull, it's facing in my direction. part of it still concealed in the earth under the wall . unfortunately, there are at least 2 people here, one adult, one child. there might be more children, flight of makena. at the time, people were buried under the floors inside the buildings rather than some distance from the village. as as dunker dozens of all, i think our modern burial practices would be as much of a mystery to them as theirs are to us. we try to keep our distance from death. of course our burial sites are not located in our houses. in fact, we try to establish them outside population centers, so we can stay as far away from death as possible. that may be, this would have been considered inappropriate back then should be da modeling for it. it may even be the complete opposite of what they believed that i from the embassies is a good afternoon. ah, jemila was also buried below the floor of a house where she would have remained close to the living. as most a forced air, they will be up to lay. i was sealed and whitewashed. i to resemble the rest of the floor. winter ha! below that was a layer of stone chip. safely touch log and then intentionally shattered sandstone tiles that glitter like a mother of pearl in the sunlight when the broken dan, one thought come, the quarter below that was the large slant monetary and raising that was very exciting. how was it? we lifted it up and when we saw was sand comes out a we brush over and brushed and brushed. the team feared that the grave was empty and was close to re sealing it. and then come the us and then we saw the beats. at 1st we numbered each one individually, and then we began numbering groups, national from eventually we were just taking photos and making small sketches before we removed whole bundles with their, with $2500.00 beads. and all and calls and 12500 beat more than had ever been found in one place in this area. where did they come from? and what was their purpose? in the spring of 2019 the valuable objects was sent to the academy of art and design in stuttgart, which spec wise's in conserving historical cultural discoveries. ah, elise poor cats is responsible for restoring each individual element of the artifact . while the archaeologist halla ashy is tasked with reconstructing the entire piece by evaluating traces left during the production process and in use, allora, she is able to determine what purpose certain beads served. ah, the barger treasure is kept safely in a small back room on the 3rd floor. alleys book out knows every inch of it in incredible detail as that. so our financially, when the objectives collected in bags and it was impossible to determine what condition the individual beads were in that as i'm one of course the archaeologists expressed their wish that we would produce an exhibition piece. but we had to evaluate everything. first, the all time whether this would be possible, depending on the condition of the beats and how many could actually be exhibited. and austin, 1000 bmw, at least poor cut, examines every single one of the $2500.00 beat, checking the deposits on the surface. and carefully removing them under the microscope using a variety of methods boycott attempts to restore each valuable bead to as close to its original state as possible. she then use a synthetic resins to conserve the beat, and prepare them for the process of reconstructing the entire pace. this treatment can be reversed if future generations of scientists have access to new technical processes and wish to re examine the original beats. incredibly, the restoration. that's our eventually able to pass around 80 percent of the 9000 year old be john to holler ashy. first of all, we tried to understand the position of all this beats without saying that this is a nicholas or this is a belt or didn't. we just try to understand the relation of the beats with the bones until he so during today's commission that just beats where for some traded on the neck of a child. after considering the archaeological data, we started to concentrator exclusively on the beads and her try to understand, then shook position. one discovery in particular proves useful in reconstructing the ancient jewelry. one of the 1st things that we found during the desk evasion was there, inc. as it was completely in a vertical position. so we started by excavating the edge of there in which our, which was very, very fragile. and we had to go down very, very carefully. after i think 3 days, we finally got the entire ring, but it was fragmented, of course. and during this conversation, we found that we still have small beats are stuck to these before asians. and so we not, we knew her since the beginning that there ink had a very important role in this necklace. the mother of pearl ringing is the centerpiece of the necklace and ties it altogether. the ring itself is produced from a single large shell. ah, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the methods and abilities of the people at the time, the akio technician voice hain, attempts to create an accurate replica of the original. this may not be a rigorously scientific experiment, but it provides some indication of what tools and techniques we used 9000 years ago . that is from him. from the moment i heard about the badger be necklace, i'll to recreate it using original stone age tools or, you know, when for to touch the 1st. when i had to find a large shell for the shopping, the only listed at the outline of the ring is edged on to the shell using a beerin made by splitting a sanction of a piece of flint, with a single well aimed blogging it. yet if you could have killed that worked, the edge here is what we will work with. the other cut to matter with leg motionless. this metal was properly used to car the entire ring out of the shell. but you have to be very careful when drilling you have to turn on to be and exert very little pressure. otherwise, the drill bit, all the shell may break. the shell may have been somewhat exotic, but the people of bars are most likely found the raw materials for the sandstone beads on their doorstep vanish what they will probably produce using the same methods we seen elsewhere. i tried it several times. it takes a lot of patience and care. every 5th beatle so breaks his clenched eye, these small stones, a ground smooth with the edges of the stones, or sanded down to produce the necessary curves. the next step is particularly risky. voice hain carefully uses a flint bit to drill a tiny hole through the beat. zoe, this is lost now the whole is completed color. we could sundown each be individually, but there is also another possibility. we can place several beats all stake i'm stuck stricken. when virginia physical them run the entire row over the slide together, mcconnell, none of those are strength letter which sorry ah, literally about instruction by turning the stick back and forth. i could ensure that all the beads and up the same size is quite a fast process. the corners and edges are already gone. if i continue doing this for half an hour for an hour, then the beach will all look fairly similar to the current limited when you got the beats were unbelievably small and intricate. the people must have been very skilled and i've had sensitive hands in order to produce something so fragile. ah, the necklace is proof of the exceptional workmanship and the aesthetic sensibilities the early set entree humans were capable of. and in no way conforms to familiar cliches about primitive stone age people. inspired by the nicholas, the team named the girl in the grave. shamella, the beautiful blue. imagine that this importance of this child that they took this hull, oh masterpiece and put it, hide it in the earth or after all this work. so yes, it's that now it has a lot of dimensions that we are only starting to understand. every element of the necklace has several stories to tell about the raw materials, the production techniques, its place within the greater whole. and about the dead girl herself. ah tamela in so fennel is jemila has made history by changing accepted preconceptions of the neolithic age. youngster. the new stone age is often depicted as crude and simple. but the jewelry and the construction of the gray suggest that people had special skill sets and that there was a far ranging trade network or key cdc in the am quite the necklace is turquoise stone. this came from sinai, while the shells were from the red seen. the way it was thread, it suggests it was something very special. i'll skin that this alice cans was another thought. the discovery of other delicate pieces of jewelry, including fragile pendants and apparently mass produced rings made of red sandston