for certain. there was. no need but does that mean he was not. a success is beyond. tragedy. hello and a warm welcome to focus on europe thanks for joining us traces of the holocaust horrors are still being on earth nearly eighty years later well this is especially true in eastern europe where hitler's troops murdered millions of jews soldiers and breasts have recently exuma the remains of jewish people murdered by the nazis more than one thousand men women and children are believed to have been executed here in one nine hundred forty two well it's a history that haunts the city as its residents struggle to reconcile with the past today jewish life in bellerose has been largely forgotten its only synagogue was turned into a movie theater by the soviets over decades historian irina skya has been fighting to keep the victims legacy alive she believes that the only way to heal the wounds is through commemorating documenting the atrocities but in the post soviet country it's proving to be a lonely pursuit. the scars of the past have reopened here. at a construction site right in the center of town the belorussian army has dug up human bones jewelry and shoes these are the remains of people who lived here murdered by the nazis nearly eighty years ago the find has shaken historian irina lover of sky she grew up in this area herself and wants to see the mass grave with her own eyes an acquaintance of hers has a direct view of the site from her window. stick two sisters you're going to get from the people who are lying here were killed because they were of a certain ethnicity that was. this that the secret was segregation it was the people were waited out and divided into categories. and jews were more than just a category in brest before world war two they made up more than half the population here but in one nine hundred forty one the nazis drove them into a ghetto in the city center now their remains are likely hidden beneath the surface everywhere this isn't the first time that construction here has exposed such horrors an estimated thirty four thousand jews were killed in and around breast there's a memorial just one street over from the construction site irena was glad to see people have been leaving wreaths at the memorial palladium in the city you know how diverse the city's population was killed within just a few days we shot. every second person you can you imagine that. what it says a bit that it's. the plan is to build luxury apartment buildings one square meters sells for nearly twice the average market price in brest the construction company plans to make the area a gated community the city authorities say the foundations of the building won't touch the mass grave and it will be marked with a memorial plaque at the your private a well tended area in the center is what the city needs it's the right thing for this spot there used to be unsightly houses here when it should be tidy and beautiful. but irena thinks nothing here can be tidy and beautiful since the discovery of the mass grave a special battalion of the belorussian army has been in charge of the excavations they've found the remains of over a thousand people men women and children. not to overlook any of the remains that is important for all battalion and for the people of ghana reduce. the site is currently closed to the public including two local historian irina lover of sky she's considered a member of the opposition in belarus long known as europe's last dictatorship twenty years ago her critical views and constant questions got her pushed out of the university teaching job. with. but that hasn't prevented her from petitioning to stop the building work on this spot irena says there should be a memorial park here not an apartment complex. she wants her country to face its past. people shouldn't be allowed to live on the spot of a mass execution that pain continues to exist and will not give us peace until we learn to respect history. and what happened here from which to preserve sure. that the jewish community in christ is getting together for shabat they've rented a few rooms in a back street basement there hasn't been a synagogue here since soviet times. the head of the community regina symon and co has taken it upon herself to set up a small museum about the city's jewish history including the holocaust. symon and co once the newly found jewish victims to be read buried at a cemetery and she wants their memory to be honored an obligation she thinks lies squarely with the city even is god should ensure you girls and the jewish community doesn't owe the city anything this mass grave is everyone's responsibility the jews who were shot here were prisoners in the ghetto but they were also citizens of brest plain and simple no matter what ethnicity they were they were residents of the city people who helped to build the city it is because that is truly at the border irina agrees for her book about the history of breast she maps out jewish areas of the city that no longer exist the debate about the remains has deeply affected her yeah visual cup of see all these historical layers the different areas as a whole it's just like with a person is that the if you don't heal a disease completely the symptoms will come back additional it's the same thing in a society that a cock. but eeriness petition doesn't seem to have had much of an effect. her acquaintance alina says that building work has continued here consistently despite the find. it's almost as if the decision to build luxury apartments instead of healing old wounds was made long ago. well the excavations have been officially completed and construction is now underway officials say the site will remain accessible to the public. these women are celebrating and that's because turkey's recent elections brought heavy losses for president rich up tayyip . is ruling a party last may oral seats in istanbul and diyarbakir cities seen as symbolically important well the party is now challenging the results which were a key test for the president's popularity some are fed up with turkey's weak economy and heir to once conservative views especially women like fatema she has experienced oppression she fled from her husband and has finally found her freedom and independence at a very special market india back here. this crate of apples weighs fifteen kilos but fatma is used to carrying heavy loads she's a single mother of three and she needs to make a living. at least it's sunny and dry today. we have to begin very early so on days when it's cold and rainy it's tough leaving the warmth of your home. but now works at a very particular kind of market all the stands here are tended by women many are former victims of domestic violence including fatma her ex-husband used to beat her four years ago she must have the courage to leave him. working at the weekly market has helped her become financially independent and that's the whole point explains how. she set up the women's market a few years ago. we tell each other our stories while we work and talk about how we responded to that we draw strength from that. and the women here are strong if they weren't they wouldn't be here at this market in the middle of winter while also taking care of their families they. like in many other parts of turkey india out of a kid it's relatively unusual to see women working especially in sectors that are traditionally male domains which in eastern turkey definitely includes marketplaces . but now also looks after her three daughters who are still asleep when the thirty eight year old gets up at five in the morning they live in a one bedroom apartment it's the best fuck i can afford. but it's a great improvement on her previous life. at some point i stopped being afraid when he hit me but the worst was when he took his anger out on the children. there were times when they'd crawl into a corner trembling with fear. eventually i'd had it i knew we couldn't go on like that because that's what i regret most is that i didn't get us out of the situation earlier. today fatima is visiting a wholesale market to buy fresh produce she doesn't enjoy these trips it's a men only zone and they don't mince their words. some of the vendors were initially reluctant to do business with a woman or demanded higher prices than they charged men. to the number that i would ask us what we were doing there and tell us to go home and look after our children. is there but we just told ourselves women can go wherever they want we can do whatever work we want to do just. we can all that first we didn't think it was right. this market is a place where men work of them is that how many women do you see here look at this is the customers are meant to be missed and but then we started to see it from their point of view. all the women from story to tell and they all have families they need to take care of the. wholesaler says that now most of the men have gotten used to seeing women working here other than he praises fatima and says she's a good person and that she can haggle almost as well as a man. in the market where fatima works has become a popular choice among locals. everything is very clean here. it's a nice market and above all it's quiet female vendors treat us very respectfully if i'd even say they're much nicer than the male vendors. such doubts she would have got back on her feet as soon as she did without the job here spending time with other women means a lot to her too and the physically demanding work is enough to distract her from dwelling too much on the past. i love my work. but it's exhausting but i've never given up on the savior and you know what by feel i can say this is my markets no one is telling me what to do no one is interfering . but you know you need me and. as the day draws to a close calls out bargain prices to attract a last round of customers she says that's one tactic she learned from and. could you imagine growing vegetables in this climate it's cold windy and dark for months on end far up north in norway in spitsbergen on the island of fall bart it is remote and paved with ice where the extreme conditions make it a paradise for researchers and adventurers like benjamin vid mark he left the sunny u.s. state of florida many years ago and found a new home in the arctic it brought the tropical climate with him and some pioneering ideas is mission so boldly grow where no one has grown before. finally a little light every day in winter the darkness here stretches on for months it's minus twenty five degrees celsius and the ground is permafrost there are more polar bears than humans on spitsbergen. but one of those humans benjamin did mark grose herb's in vegetables here a pioneering idea. this one i think looks good to him in this one tree for the fourth one is on the table. then maher and his employee haig a good harvest the crops grown in the lab as he calls this room. it has an almost tropical climate in the midst of a frozen wilderness he's planted cress bezel and other plants if you see that we've got the human now off to remove the tower and. yeah because we lift it from twenty to forty five yeah definitely. they're learning to farm in these extremes by trial and error there's no experience to draw on then mark came up with the idea because he was desperate for fresh produce one day he even hopes to grow some tomatoes they would be the northernmost crop of them on earth. it's pitch black here by three in the afternoon benjamin's used to that by now. he's originally from florida but ten years ago the ship's cook washed up on the shores of the icy no region island during the dark season but so how do we cope with the light season and that's the challenge but. don't have to do too much but when the light comes. we get very busy and you have to run all of the time so the challenge is you don't know how to shut it off but for me the dark season is just taking you through. whether dark or light vid mars business is booming he's barely able to keep up with demand and capacities are limited spitzbergen is located nearly a thousand kilometers north of the. next populated settlement practically everything has to be flown in including produce this other stuff but that's expensive and bad for the environment or some dreams for you. so big mark is trying to show that there are other options. then talk to other shows who also have received in this promise to do so given to make sure you know. it's amazing to have this treasure trove. given back then jim and collects the leftover plant material for composting thank you every country should take care you could cut yes thank you . this isn't a u.f.o. it's the gardener's greenhouse in the darkness of the polar night it's twenty below in here but when spring brings back the light it will turn lush and green we have some days you know over the midnight sun there's sun in theory twenty four hours a day so it just moves around in the sky and it can get like twenty five thirty degrees in here i really like to do some root vegetables carrots potatoes would be nice for the greenhouse and its builders have achieved a certain notoriety hello my name is benjamin button mar and doing this tour with you today we nearly every day has a lot of curious visitors. i didn't started to save the world i didn't start it i just said you know i want to have the freshest food possible. and hardly any of the guests leave without sampling it nothing is as tasty as reindeer with a side of mashed potato and vegetables although this time only the basal has come from did mars garden and then called the american is a big fan of his adopted home. i'm here with my family and we really love it here and it's like we always want to go away but then soon as we go away we all miss it so. so then we run back here. german student on a capsule helps out with. i think in the garden she's a little more critical of the settlement in the far north. it's been present in mining disputes back and kind of personally i don't see spitzbergen as a place where people should be living. because it's gone to such an extreme climate and it's so unsustainable to live here but there will never come a time when people don't live here so i think it's a very good idea to try growing your own plants here. but harbaugh says it's about more than just having fresh vegetables on spitsbergen. this techniques that we develop here can be used to grow food and inner city can be used to grow food on different islands so it has many. applications to other places as well so if we can do it here it can be done anywhere this is the most challenging place to do it. benjamin did more believe that if his ideas can take root in spitsbergen they could grow practically anywhere. traffic in paris if you want to enjoy the sights of the french capital you must contend with crowded streets so is there a better way to get around the city electric scooters have taken paris by storm offering a convenient and eco friendly form of travel but scooters are causing major headaches for the residents. last. tag since never been so easy to glide along the river san or through the streets of paris. it's electric scooters have taken over the french capital in recent months there is. manchester still fourteen who owns a designer store is also a big fan he uses a scooter to run errands and go to appointments he says it's more ecological and cheaper than other forms of transport. he uses a mobile app to find out where there is a free scooter. then all he has to do is scan the code and off he goes you have. to get it done by more flexible i can go on the sidewalk or on the street i feel a bit like a child again but it feels good. and the faster the better. reason it's hard to keep up on a bike there foster. there are now eight rival companies providing east scooters for hire in paris they're particularly popular with tourists it makes sightseeing easier so. we saw a lot but to be seen we scoot along the river and saw the eiffel tower we were doing twenty six kilometers per hour on the phone to me say last night. but it can be dangerous if you're not a pro and some users soup up their scooters and then let the speed go to their heads. this taxi driver filmed an east scooter on the highway zooming along at over eighty five kilometers per hour that can potentially be life threatening. some motorcyclists are also unhappy about the invasion of east scooters in an already very busy territory. never take when you go to put it generally east scooter writers are unfamiliar with the traffic rules they don't know where they're allowed to ride whether they're allowed to ride in a bus lane like. that person over there. and shouldn't they be required to wear helmets in protective gear it's quite dangerous as you know. but those who are most unhappy are the pedestrians who are sick of east scooters taking over the pavements whether they're not parked properly or being ridden east scooters are an extra danger that pedestrians have to watch out for from any direction. the course will be quick to call the other day i was close to the opera and i wanted to cross the street the light was green for pedestrians so i could go then this scooter came speeding along out of nowhere super fast if it had hit me it would have been quite nasty i see. the city author already is were originally quite liberal towards the east scooters but now they're clamping down scooter firms will have to register and agree to ensure that users behave in a civilised and responsible way. that will create sort of for riding on the pavements is not an out gay she sure is going to actively pursue those who are putting pedestrians at risk in this way. and we're going to put a stop to this stick parking in public spaces which hinders pedestrians from moving freebie on the sidewalks sort of the book. but no one really knows what other rules there should follow. his stuff has a relaxed let's say fair attitude about them. i think of all of it's true that people write on scooters in a crazy way but motorbikes cars bikes are all crazy in paris everyone's dangerous in paris that's the problem with overcard of course. but it's a problem that christophe thinks will solve itself one can always count on provisions to find creative ways of dealing with their complex traffic system. here in the of beautiful mountains of switzerland the country's most famous export has created a mental valley is home to healthy cows their milk and all kinds of cheeses including you guessed it m. and taller it's been made here for centuries and now the traditional recipe is getting a modern make over she's producer b. at a vampire has found a way to infuse it with. the gammon valley or m. and tile is where switzerland's best known cheese comes from and one of the producers here wants to make his product even better. their fun flair is a veterinarian and a cheese maker who's looking to revolutionize the world of cheese. and how did it get and this i am intolerant two and a half years old microorganisms are working on it it mostly bacteria. and it's amazing actually that they're able to affect its aroma all the way down to the very heart of the cheese but this case has been can he nine. family wants to get those bacteria to begin vibrating to music he believes that might change the taste of his genes. then on the homes of when you put your hand on the wheel of cheese and feel the sound waves move through it but it's hard to believe it wouldn't have some kind of effect on the. samplers experiment is getting a little help from students at the university of the arts in berent. for more than six months they'll serenade his cheeses with a range of beats and sounds including rock songs by led zeppelin mozart's opera the magic flute techno or hip hop. he wanted with that is to surround. sound waves will pass through the wheels of cheese causing them to vibrate in different ways depending on the music hip hop and so hip hop has lots of bass in it the classical pieces are very dynamic with quiet sections but very loud ones tonight allowed so does the cheese feel any different after half a year of acoustic irradiation. trying to get a real difference with the rock and roll one but i hope i'll be able to taste it to make it up on. a jury made up of cooks and artists is judging the results of the experiments they quickly reach an unequivocal conclusion he really there are differences. according to the experts here hip-hop brought the best results. i'm pretty surprised by the results my guess is that the constant beats and intensity of hip hop has some kind of effect on the chines as it ripens to indicate the provoked. what do the other judges think. i thought that the rock music cheese tasted bess i guess because it was strongest it had a rock'n'roll flavor in cleft except that he. says. it's very soft and slightly sweet and just in series. the employer is happy that the hip hop cheese got such rave reviews tying his product to the musical genre could make the younger generation interested. there are many young people out there who've never given a second thought to em intolerant hard cheese unpasteurized cheese things like that almost and on the sets which is why i labels like hip hop or techno emon taller could prove a hit. of less. it is now checking for measurable differences in the different cheeses. and let's not forget a traditional form of singing from the region who knows maybe one day m. and tell you a little cheese will be the next big thing. go on . an experiment i wouldn't mind taking part in all that brings us to the end of our program many thanks for watching. some of. the to. enter the conflict zone confronting the powerful music national criminal court has a new enemy in washington the jump administration is accused of having no legitimacy and says it wants it to my guest this week here in the hague is chewing a bottle sujit who is the president of the i.c.c. how can he defending organizations against such powerful position conflicts so for thirty minutes on doubling the for. the full stop thanks indra begin video. to folks really know their stuff for a laugh. my curves which they got boring and stephanie's. to check with musicians from around the world to come the other. makes every week on w. fake hair and real stories. where i come from a lot of women like me have fake hair sometimes the hair style takes up to two days it's a lot of time that needs to be filled so people at the salon talk about what's happening in their lives. i became a journalist to be a storyteller and i always want to find those real authentic stories from everyday people who have something to share. with others i must find at the salon i know a good quality here when i see it and then good story when i hear it. my name is elizabeth chong and i work at steve. frankfurt. international gateway to the best 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