on d. w ah little 90. but the human kind does not very resilient, were easy to kill the cutter throats and it's all over again. but a tree you can cut in half, and that'll still survive. shall body tree. mother fall belong at. i think this not good enough. my goal is to preserve nature. that's, that's the great thing about our professionals that we can do that with our residential care staff or can assure high click well authentic so low. it that he thought yoke is thomas be in this whole area is transforming into a natural ecosystem. a color with must not out of high tissue vaughn inhabited areas that fire diversity are not mutually exclusive, but this cannot and should not be left to chat before the laughter. it's so i conic spaces only if we can really save species like this, then we can, we can do anything ah ah, from the arctic north to the mediterranean south europe landscapes are incredibly diverse. but in recent decades, industrialization has done enormous damage to this diversity. what is needed to revitalize it? for most of our existence, human kind managed to harness nature without destroying it. many classic european landscapes are in fact a result of human activities. what can be done to establish a new harmony between human kind and nature? ah . europe's forests or places people go to relax to hike, to explore. but they also have a more practical function here in the hot mountains. mining has been underway for centuries. the forests have also long been exploited for profit. but it's only in the last few years that they're starting to look the worse for where i've been. so slight $1030.00. not tonight, paul. goodness, if you could call me, i've been working in the national park since 2012. when i 1st arrived, it was completely green. when is showing, the sky turned on the line b schnell dusky. it's incredible how fast it can change, and how uncompromising nature can be sure, and it's hard to deal how much we gain. a veteran forester, sabina bowling, has witnessed the catastrophic impact of development in the hearts mountains 1st hand. now dot com slice hopped on some, some. i modi ost of oka sheet dog. i was close was the young feature, but i understand what you factors have come together. these are on the one hand, there are the spruce trees that have been planted here over time. and then on the other. this is climate change shaped olive. bruce is a species that needs a balanced, cologne and humidity climate. java. and that's exactly what we haven't had over the last few years. it's it of a high temperature as you start lack of a water, how strong sunlight, and also high windows are uniform. there's a lot of evaporation on. the spruce is dry out walking. that makes them fragile and easy target for bark beetle visited balkan k for b. if the trees don't get enough water, they can become vulnerable to insects. you all can travel beetles come along and identify a perfect breeding spaces. this bruce doesn't fight back to the beatles. the mit vermillion center trapped all their friends, all the females drill tunnels in the bark where they lay their eggs. and then the trees didn't stand a chance as an kind of shrug smith. but the state of the forest can't be blamed solely on climate change. mismanagement is another contributing factor for forests all across europe. you are the fish that is now spruce is the tree that promises the best he can make return to harbour. it might be like the market. and so if you invest and brood, if you don't have a high yield, i'm good profit. course not only so long as nothing goes wrong. it's like in light, steven leave him thousands of square kilometers. a forest across europe are dying for the same reasons as they are at hearts. and the continent landscapes are changing radically as a result. that might not sound too alarming. after all, central europe has more force to day than in the 17th century. but that's because the 18th century saw massive reforestation efforts, fast growing and lucrative spruce was the favorite species and was often planted and mano cultures as well as in places where it would never grow naturally. this map shows how popular spruce still is. it's one of the most important commercial trees in europe. despite its vulnerability, climate change and pets might be causing havoc to spruce forests. but new forests are now emerging that are more diverse and more resilient. the almost not to not quite close to shadows on the lp here in the national park. we are in a position to say, okay, and we'll just leave it there. of course that's impossible in the commercial sector where their goals are different. ultima truly areas like these initially look alarming if it looks like there's nothing here for board. but in fact there's a whole new forest quietly growing up around us. but we'll start to see it in 2 or 3 years. when you're interested. i learned a completely different forest is emerging than the one when you before you plan to stay and not as old. you have but structurally rich and a type of forest that will be more resilient to climate influences and flew through the national park shows how it can be done. the sick forest is simply left to its own devices, while a new generation of trees grow. the assumption is that nature will find its own ways of a dr. young in gonna that soon with these days, we think in terms of generations was there are no quick fixes with nature. nature will go its own ways and find its own solutions of parts. it's safe to say nothing will ever be the same. a girl who's lying before often do what does that mean for the future? what effects will these altered landscapes have? climate change is dramatically transforming our environment and not just in europe . we are the 1st generation able to identify such changes in nature in time to react all the necessary tools are available like the satellites that monitor europe, day and night and transmit the data to the copernicus, emergency management service in italy. this was founded to detect hazards as early as possible, and prevent worst case scenarios yet, we're still often unprepared when disaster strikes. as it did in the summer of 2021 . me i. here in the alps, the consequences of global warming are impossible to overlook. temperatures are rising here especially fast and the glaciers are melting as a result. and we're up here at 4 and a half 1000 meters on the calling the fatigue lacey in the month. he rose and fell on the border between italy in switzerland. dr. mortgage macowski is working to collect ice memory. the information stored in glaciers that's lost when they melt. the emotion he had, so i was kind of blown for us ice and emily play act. we want to drill to ice cause here for the ice memory project, just learn these high alpine lacy as their archives that can teach us about climate development in the past and also about manmade pollution. these are the idea is to collect these valuable archives, stored in alpine glaciers from the ice cores and take them to a safe place where they cannot be damaged by melting to this. that safe place is antarctica, and actors on dom that motion go down. are we want to make that material available to future generations of researches or through bookstore and santiago the continent 20 years or so? you won't be able to drill an ice caps, but still contains the information that it does today. in some studies indicate that by 2100, the glaciers in the alps will be gone. if this is true, it puts the earth water balance at risk. so far, the apps have been a kind of water reservoir. they make up only 1.9 percent of europe, surface area, but supply water to more than 160000000 people. if the opt lose, their glaciers, europe loses a vital source of drinking water. it would also be a disaster for agriculture. ah, climate change is altering the continent dramatically in the process revealing how human kind and nature are inextricably linked. there needs to be fast for reaching decisions, made in the political space and with technology. otherwise, human kinds destructive way of life will not change in time. ah, a number of small scale projects in europe are already on the case. groups, institutions, individuals, all united in the struggle to preserve the natural environment. such as the typhoon project in lim, north and grief, to almost failure, there's been different areas in the history of mankind to lead the stone in the iron age, the bronze age. today we could say we're living in a plastic plastic or every summer. a boat is chartered for volunteers to help clean up the greek coastline. the project funded by a greek philanthropist, is one of the largest of its kind in europe. they ought to pharmacy man a protest of the threat he thought was accepted. the medical? no, no, but the typhoon is a project that runs 365 days a year. oh my god was still fine tuning. it seemed like 18 months saying we're still only in the pilot stage. we still learning and adjusting on was on the original aim was to clean up 50 meters of show line. then we decided to extend it to a 150 minutes of us summit up on missed. i got all been done. i that i did it after the guy day that got the situation has gotten worse in the last 10 years like this as if every minute we were dumping the contents of a garbage truck into the sea, the scale is massive. it came again that austria around $33.00 kilos of plastic packaging, waste per citizen per year are generated in the u. that's in comparison to 28 kilos 10 years ago. and unfortunately it doesn't always end up in the trash. it's alicia . plenty of it as the hormone marine pollution affects our country and others in many different ways. if it, as a got a housekeeper with music in the 1st of all, it ruined the landscape. you see that every time you go to the beach to take a walk or have a swim epidemiology thing, he hasn't got the it affects the health of local residents is any good because it doesn't stay on a b legible. f dash him, a copy of that was the against about our lia can't beat as it also contaminants, water the food on her plates donate. even fish now contain plastic particles, your pulpit and among glass decal, or to form as the typhoon project works together with scientists and helps them advance their research into marine pollution. be at coastal or deep sea pollution or shaft diesel. we focus lauser have become a, we've found pieces of junk with bar codes from russia deal sia and from turkey up with the leukemia. the bod, ward's mother, given that both the mc authority, the bar codes, allow us to determine the origin, country date and factory where the rubbish comes from it. but then we can compile and database and analyze our findings, dilemma, but of modern. but when my working in collaboration with the volunteers, scientists had managed to simulate the circulation of plastic in the mediterranean . this animation shows why the problem requires an international solution. the problem almost enough, given the problem is it's not enough to pick up the rubbish out. when i'm, if done, we need to ensure that no more garbage ends up in the environment by taking action to avert and stop the constant flow of waste into our c has made enough. the solar sandwich could be yeah. under pressure from the general public researchers and activists, the european union band, many single used plastic products and 2021. the hope is that eventually plastic plates, cups and straws will be banished from everyday life. what the continent suffers from many other ecological abuses as well. many landscapes these days are increasingly devoid of bird song and the buzzing of insects. nature has become troubling. lay silent. what's happened for thousands of years. human kind has coexisted comfortably with nature. farming activity even contributed to local biodiversity. but once intensive agriculture, which relies heavily on pesticides took over plants and animals began to die out. and their disappearance is now accelerating and a dramatic rate. today, 40 percent of infect species worldwide are at risk. and around 15 percent of bird species, native to europe are in danger of extinction. ah, the decline and in fact, populations is a cause of great concern. in 2019 the popular saved the be the initiative in bavaria forced the local government to take radical steps to promote biodiversity. this demonstrates that citizens can act to protect nature and are doing so across europe. been unusual experiment is underway in the south of england. rather than protect what already exists to scientists are attempting to reverse the process. it seems utopian, but the results speak for themselves is a large blue butterfly became extinct. people were absolutely horrified. you could no longer see it in this country anywhere. and nobody could really understand why i lived with the last colony for 6 years measuring almost everything. and alas, it was just too late to save it. jeremy thomas and david sim cox are 2 entomologists who became famous for having successfully reintroduced a rare species of butterfly. the large blue. it was no easy task. after years of tireless detective work, jeremy thomas discovered that the butterfly depends on a very specific species of ant. without it, it cannot reproduce. and the species of ant itself needs a very specific natural environment. this on to is a very much a heat loving and an ground temperature is actually determined by the height of this, of the grass or the toll of the grass grows the cool of the ground gets. and once that happens, lump disability is replaced by other species of bread arms, and this is why the butterfly became extinct as a result of modern farming practices. cows disappeared from the meadows, upsetting the prevailing natural balance. the grass grew, the ants were driven out and the large blue disappeared. it went extinct in 1979. but almost immediately, we took the decision that we would try to re introduce it. because we thought we understood what it needed in this country at last. the 1st step was to restore the grassland to its former state, jeremy and david convinced livestock farmers to allow their cows to graze there again. only this specific interaction between humans, ruminants and grass lands, could restore the butterflies habitat once that had been done and once the site's had recovered, we set about finding a suitable source of large blaze to see if we really had recreated the habitat and to release them in britain, i was really fortunate to wind up on an island off the east coast to sweden for overland, where are actually found large blues. i had one of those moments that you only have once or twice in your life, arriving there late in the evening. and the 1st thing that happened was a large blue lander at my feet i'm. it still gives, she was at my spot, thinking about it now. oh dismissal. i'm here. i was able to find eggs and we were able to bring eggs back to do our 1st trial introduction. that was really very, very groundbreaking. this meticulous and pioneering work took decades, and in the end, they achieve their goal, the return of the large blue historically, the large blue used to occur in about 6 different regions in the u. k. and we've now got it established in 2 of those we could also show that maintaining li sites in a suitable condition of the large blue benefited many other species. and we didn't have to sit and objectively watch these things declining. we could actually do something by actors. it's an iconic spaces only only if we can really save species like this, then we can, we can do any thank their achievement demonstrates that human intervention can be constructive. what their work also lays bare at the complexity of the process and the need to act before a species disappears. this is why over the last few decades, europe has been giving sanctuary status to certain areas in order to preserve their bio diversity. the europe is home to numerous nature reserves, no 2 or a 2000. and the emerald network form the largest coordinated network of protected areas in the world. their main objective is to protect on across the national basis, the most endangered plant and animal species in europe. to day, this network represents 18 percent of the continents land territory and 8 percent of its maritime territory. one of the most valuable nature reserves is in the varden see in this coastal landscape located in the netherlands, germany and denmark. human activity is reduced to a strict minimum. this sewn has always been a haven and an important resting area for migratory birds. so i'm, i click the sparkle divided with the heat available from it. they links the varden see the entire world, which is something that's developed over thousands of years. it's an incredibly important thing in the worlds like ecosystems that these birds. thereupon, every year in the spring, after wintering and africa, the birds fly off to nest in the north. a 10000 kilometer flight with the varden c marking the halfway point. here up to 15000000, migrating birds can rest before continuing on their way to siberia. it's also a stop over point on their return journey. in the fall the area is closely studied by scientists among them ornithologist ab hobbins mother fall belong and i think this was most important to me is conserving nature is not that's really what drives me here. why i chose this job. even small changes can have a big effect on things. there's a lot when allure is past, protecting a certain area. you immediately see a lot more species, our design. and oh, that's what's really great about our professionals fucked up by that. our research can make that happen, therefore can assure high flic will beat up within the little apple industry. this is it that we're trying to find some birds that we've already tagged . and we log all the data so that we know where they are. we can then use the data to track where they are and do all sorts of other analysis and research. for example, we want to find out what they've been asynchronous in nevada. now i've had a little of mayor born just a couple of i love it by the ball to say is an inter, could they could be the small, dark, robert? the varden c is an into title area lather. there are various different mudflats which are under water at high tide and dry at low tide, filica, and this is happening constantly so comical. the birds followed the water line. i think so as soon as the mud flaps become accessible, the birds go there in search of food. i ain because that's where they can find the best of freshest things to ease to psyche, leisure, griffin, ah, the von sea is almost completely protected. yet it's not immune to the effects of global warming on sea levels. since the beginning of the 20th century, sea levels have increased more and more each year. what exactly does this mean for life here? the well to say is an dina mix that and see is a dynamic and tremendously resilient system of energy. and it's quite good as adjusting the site because the amount of time it's under water can change daily. the temperature swings in these small systems can be massive and all the animals in that system can adjust well to that of so in that sense, the vitamin c is very robust for protecting nature means preserving its resilience . this applies to coast lots and other bio tubes to pete box like those of the old fine region in belgium are a very special habitat, the acidity and the soil gives rise to a fascinating flora. including carnivorous plants. ah the oat fine, you have been protected since 1957 and with good reason, the people g decomposed plant remains trapping their carbon in the soil. they are thus able to store 10 times more c o 2 than any other ecosystem. pete lines cover only 3 percent of the earth's surface, but they store at least twice as much c o. 2, as all the forests on the planet combined. for far too long marshes have been drained and turned into farmland. but to day many regions of europe are seeking to restore them, including in germany, i put many bogs still remain unprotected. in lithuania, pete is still used for heating and generating electricity which triggers the release of the massive amounts of carbon dioxide stored inside your its primary florists are unique heritage and yet measures to protect them have failed miserably. these virgin forests, the oldest on the continent, most wealth, or later species, and unparalleled biodiversity. their value is immeasurable, and yet they are in danger of disappearing. according to recent studies, only a few isolated primary forests are left in europe. and even these are under threat . one of them is in romania, forgot osh mountains region under the chest dictatorship, it was largely out of bounds for the public. obama would talk of this report that he thought that i had the opportunity to see the hunting reservation was created, especially for chelsea to the capital, ga people were afraid to hunt there with the rest of them. there was little deforestation yet all. it was actually a way of protecting natural areas, not traveling. that's why some of them still exhibitor their la, my show of m aqua. today, the forest is protected by rangers like me hi chic and his assistant nursing go home. you know, everything is a very special place. the trees are so impressive. you almost want to hug them. i'll protect you as much as i can when catherine was to order me a little bit of growth, maybe i'm wrong, she, i'm about the atmosphere. the smell and the humidity seemed to have changed. in an old growth forest, the air is different. there is more humidity. these trees retain a lot of water. i stem them with all the other charel. those abuses, those in walton throw up with one another all as the cur. this the tree is a symbol for the natural florida. it has had a rough time gotta, i think it is 300 years old for all other go might. it might stand for another 20 to 30 years, but in time gone, it will rot from the inside or just that the weight of its huge crown will get too heavy and it will collapse, will answer the forest is a complete ecosystem fully intact and complex. it has great scientific value and it serves as a useful model, auto motto, auto urgency figure she come odell in theory, romania, primary forests are protected but in reality, illegal logging is taking its toll. in 2000 to romania still had 200000 hector's of primary forest to day. there are only 70000 left the pony velo, come off because given the right and which primary forest areas have been decreasing in between 2002 and today, the threats are real. got it as a little more than $10000.00 and it is as far as we're legally logged in the mountains. so this should never have happened if we say not like and not in europe, she nor note of me. hi, chechen and his colleagues are armed for good reason. in recent years, several rangers have been killed by poachers and increased awareness of the invaluable importance of primary forests means their defense is no longer left to researchers and activists. the entire local population is now mobilized. but protecting nature, by keeping people away from it isn't a long term solution. targeted protection can restore the natural balance sometimes within just a few years. the mediterranean fish, dogs have dwindled alarmingly since the advent of mass tourism and industrial fishing you are in the bay of los cannula, of corsica. marine life had all but disappeared 30 years ago. but since then, it has become a protected nature reserve and home to an array of biodiversity. jermel he domenici is in charge of the scandal of nature. reserve was almost yep, i started diving and protected maritime area of scandal. and then i started diving outside to reserve and i saw that it was basically a does this. yeah, he and his team are doing their annual inventory of aquatic on the ship. and there is incredible by diversity in the protected areas. it's an incredible treasure and indispensable. there's an abundance of practically all the fees, especially bigger fish with a reproduction right? many times higher than smaller fish. and then let's discuss it like that show that the strength of scandal is that regulation is adapted to the management of habitat species and that the regulation is followed. it needs to be more than just the law when regulation is respected and specific goals for its management. followed nature is gone, we will create environmental assets. that development was the national hawks are very strong economic drive and that can have a positive effect on the local or even national level. see not shown that today, fishermen understand that a natural benefits. it results in greater fish which go beyond the borders of the reserve 6, once fishermen understand that they've understood everything, get to complete mankind's relationship to its natural surroundings is complex. in europe, in particular, many economies and activities are so closely linked to the environment that the line between human and nature often blurs me. ah, but what happens to these biotech when left to their own devices? this can be seen in the studio, us in northern spain, this thomas and momento year k, last severe humana that we're seeing that the human activity underway and the last 23 or 4000 years on this land is disappearing for atlanta. so this entire territory will continue to evolve into a more natural ecosystem. she stammer color, it must not vast regions of europe have been deserted by their inhabitants. by 2100, spain could lose half its population. ah, when humans move away, flora and fauna retake the land. this development has been observed by natural scientists. roberto after sanchez meets our holding is 1000. yes. my work in these mountains is to find out how nature works. is thomas me, said it cuz it us come at us. we're very close now to cameras positioned here that allow us to monitor things weekly, smooth. possibly it's quite likely that some bears are wandering around somewhere right now. when them become a sophomore havoc on a sofa, when we began, there were only 30 bears here. oil basil amount or possibly over $300.00 in the area we work and it's the fastest growing population in europe. this is talk with him going through a little, but i could then him with with that is i think that it more so we have vultures. there's also a few wolves, a sized long or so much bye diversity throughout the entire region of a serious about me leave. if the up it's up to coming to involuntary podium. mm hm. okay, it must. how much are holding? based on being up to a tier, we can see a young bear digging into blueberry bushes. august i must be, and here is a female bear with her cubs digging up an until looking for unto larvae to eat both from the last lot of other off of me as but hourly mendacity. yes, d populated areas revert to a form of wilderness elsewhere. however, the opposite is underway with wild animals venturing into the big cities driven out of the country side by the intensification of agriculture. they take refuge in urban areas in search of food and shelter. in some neighborhoods there is more bio diversity than even in rural areas. ah ah, scientists are able to reconstruct animal migrations using gps trackers. the data shows that hedgehogs, raccoons and bats tend to stick to one area. while wild boars and foxes travel long distances within the urban biotech, ah, the more varied the cities foreigner, the more predators that attract in 2020 a wolf was even spotted roaming the german capital. this calls into question the division between the natural world and the civilized world. but wasn't that decided a long time ago? he's been warned of home with beauty. this is inhabited areas and by diversity are not mutually exclusive. this cannot and should not be left to chance when it needs to be plans me to plan. and this requires close cooperation between biologist and ecologists, landscape planet and architect plan. and on. i take, i take many, thomas hawk is a landscape architect. he and his team have developed a new approach to urban planning in an attempt to boost biodiversity in urban spaces via hm the me to the animal 8 at the so we have developed the animal aided design method. this is a planning method with the aim of integrating wildlife into urban planning here into landscape architecture and open space planning. i don't planning to enter korean. this animal assisted design is used in planning in berlin, munich, and london. with the concept is evidence of a wider rethink that is now underway. european civilization has developed by pitting human kind against nature. but humans and nature are a part of the same indivisible entity he, in france, biologist, policy sally, has lodged another bold project. john horner, came back to europe after working in the tropics and realized there are no longer any primary forests in europe. and i thought that this was scandalous. my plan is to provide them here in western europe on ogden whist. ollie's objective is hugely ambitious to create a 70000 hector sanctuary of forest straggling several countries right in the center of europe. leaving the area abandoned for several centuries until a new primary forest develops. what should bacteria should keep bows? coolie shawls, raymond bell. i believed that the really beautiful, important, and lasting things in life. take time to put me a key made that a person to lay the 1st stones of a cathedral, knew that they would never see the end result. as you can see that this tree is shaped like a spiral. it's only a matter of time. think is shoot, don't, but you can't rush a project that will last at several centuries quite she pity. not long ago ali's project would have been met with skepticism. but today, the response is overwhelmingly positive. even in brussels, the european union has launched a program to plant 3000000000 trees by 2030. so it could soon be implemented to that. i think that definitely won't be out of bound to the public on the but for people sometimes say, but it'll be a century deep. i don't like these terms, leave visits will not only be allowed to encourage the one condition, however, but it's that people respect what surrounds them on to them. in europe, nature has always been used and then shaped in the process, which in turn shaped those that live there. if harmony is ever to be found, a new approach is needed. one based on respect, knowledge and a fair approach. me finding that path forward will not be easy. ah ah ah ah ah, we check in with us again in new city that you can visit over and over. a get busy tourist with nicole, which is shown by real insight in how life is lived in prague checking in 30 minutes on d w. wow. how do you can approach to let 100 come into the 21st century? w wants to show it with the idea, electric, spacious, and iconic in design, in our ref. check the long awaited id buzz from the w rep with 90 minutes on d. w. o. oh oh, what people have to say matters to us. i am. that's why we listen to their stories. reporter every weekend on d w. o . this is the of the news live from berlin, celebrations and ukraine, ukrainian forces liberate the southern city of hassan crowds, welcome them, and cheer rushes. retreat. also coming up the warring parties in ethiopia take.