Uh, the uh, the, the load clean some cummings that were doing with me and not on test the gun which 2 men resort style. I have the model of the good as wrong good bit of trim. I think something to do with the hood in the odms, oregon with the different ship profession. 6 with the nickelodeon cushion back to me it woodson, im driving the mongol you. Theres always the way the people move constantly on the air most constantly. The when youre crossing the step, you can go for hours or sometimes days without seeing that human hesitation. What you always look for the animals because once you see the animals, you know theyre going to be people somewhere close by. It will be heard. Mongolia, you dont have to ask permission. You just come as you approach the gear, you stop your horse or your vehicle a little bit far from the house on the gara just so that they have a little more time to prepare for you and you walk up slowly. You go and sit on the west side of the gear. The gear is filled with everything the family owned and has a strong smell of wool and mucked meat. And from it at horse mill. The total effect on the modem for some tell them to start the name. I dont, dont think i can get hold of them. I dont get big was i dont you know, to, to do the commodity the other way. And i dont want to do it seems as though they didnt jump out, pick up your students in sort of take cortez at the end of the district. So its just the number saved on the spot. So think it are you and they dont, thats a good the, you know, i take it long, but you as a one giant national park, this one is the only countries left in the world where you can leave the city and resend the half an hour. You are in the countryside and you can hike any way you want. You can cant any way you want. You can leave any where you want because the land belongs to the government. Or is it one of the last question . Touched step ecosystems test on nurse the one of the few places in the world where pneumatic lifestyle still rains in you know, nearly 30 percent of long goings, live, pastoral livelihoods the foundation of dom goes in economy is just a story of nomadic lifestyle. And thats what them and guardians, as an identity, you know, we are a nomadic people. The rich traditional culture is still something that, you know, people come from all over the world to witness the we had a consultant actually. He was from canada that came in, was doing some work. And i think he had read off about Asian Countries and saving face and not being confrontational. And you know, the appreciate if you will, about what it means to engage with an asian country. And my senior mongolian, on the usaid staff, she told me, she said jonathan, you have to tell this guy. We are not asian. There were something different. The magnolia today seems to me a very modern society on the surface. But just below the surface, there is a feeling of great im to equity and a tremendous respect for the history of traditional culture. The, our history we have treat as warriors. We have to those people who conquered vast lands be with exception to the norms. The name of the longest came into 2 century, which is fine. But after that time, it has been 800 years and we have been up and down and weve been a part of my to attend on a stand. And we have been 70 years of and communism. And generally in companies in the me, katie, that she mentioned to tote essentially. And, you know, saying the name of changes home was type who, you know, personally in my life changes how did this matter till 9 to 90 because it was prohibited to talk about him. So it was prohibited to peach about him in at school. But the literature class, my teacher though i knew him just talked about doing some like he was fated to hutto, turned out. He was a long viewer. He was literally just pulled in ski. Were. And he was the, the guy who unified and one girl, you must stay with me. Think of genghis khan or she goes on. Theres some ongoing say we think of a concur amount on the horse. But the circumstances of his life were very unusual. He was born in the time of great turmoil and chaos when the step when he was 8 years old, his father took him to live with another family was very common in mongolia to marry off a son by taking him to live with the girls family for several years until he drew all the way back to his hands, father stopped in a camp and he was toys, and the soonest spring, when the ancestral ceremonies came. They did not invite his mother mother to the ceremony. Her husband had died and they no longer considered her a member of the tribe. And the old women announced before they left, leave these women and these children here was a death sentence. Somehow they survived, but they were outcast. This isolated family with very few friends. Here to teach himself how to hunt here to teach himself how to live on the mountain. Here to teach himself how to grow into a man. He was 16 years old. The girl that she had met when he was a 1st she came to live with him. As you can imagine what its like its 16 to fall in love. You can imagine especially after harsh life, of being an exile, of having nothing. It was happiness, the 1st happiness youre probably known in this life. And then i heard eating the purse and they knew horses were coming. And if the horses coming there are men coming mother early and had been kidnapped herself, she did not know who the men were, who were coming, but she knew why they were coming. They heard her towards a girl in this camp. Mazda knew where she left, that girl, she could save her own children. Jingles han was still a boy to bait his mother, and he rode off with her to the mount. But they would leave. First behind. She goes home decided his life was not worth living. If he had to live without 1st somehow he would get her back of the gather some friends and they rode out in search. First. They found its on the market cap. It came in and night was a full moon and she just home was calling out her name, burst there, subject. And she heard him and she was on a card being driven away. She heard the boy, she jumped off the cart and she ran to him. And she reached up to grab the horse. It was the middle of a battle. He mean, thought she was a soldier. He almost struck her. Disney, we saw it was bertha. He jumped off the horse, the rate was over. She was the only thing he wanted. There in the moonlight, he held her good pap saffo enough. Kane reduction shone, which i have to get off the top of my data, buried it. Good. Whos to us . It gives you lots of it in about their turn integrates out of the plan. If some were due to the due date was overdraft on. Good to stuart, we just have a window close to the stuff that kind of its generating ship, which was due. I said what a hood a much to one of them in, at the end of the t. And youve seen that the spectrum has some interest and load up on many eastern state. And i have some stages after to move to and rescued bertha. It was in a set of social relations as he had never had before. Suddenly he was a part of the step life. He had obligations to some other people. He had also enemies who would come for him again at some point. He began to fight war after war after war. Small battles, big battles. But he realized there was no end to these wars. Every year you would fight again, go in rate. Next year they would common raise you slowly, but surely changes hun came to understand how step warfare worked. What he was determined to change it. He realized in order to stop the fight in order to prevent it from reoccurring, the next year he had to kill the leaders. Every time he killed them, then he gathered their followers into his own. And finally, in the year, 12 o 6, he was ready to proclaim a nation, his own nation. He called among the but then after that little unclear whats gonna happen, youve united the people, youre no magic people, you move around, are you going to keep the people happy . The models already had a long step tradition of rating until they began to rate the people around the so after the series of rage in 12 o 9 figures, hon decided to make the 1st invasion ok just to be a rate, want to make a longer invasion and he invaded the tongue of people, one of the nations of northern china. So now for the 1st time to this home was beginning to get some foreign followers, but this was by compulsion by force. But also at the same moment, the 1st people came voluntarily took them. Those were the weaker people, and the weaker people were muslims. This time as they are today. And the muslim people didnt send a delegation, touching as hans to ask him to come and free them. Switching his content never had an invitation like this. But he decided to do it. Now he had new subjects. He had subjects who lived in a wasted, who lived in small towns. They werent tribal people, and he needed a new law to protect them. And that was the law of religious freedom. He had this law read in every village and every city in every community. But every person at the right to choose from religion on his or her choice the we remember the conquests and the conquest was harsh and it was brutal. I knew it was bloody, but no empire survives on war wars, only one face the empire survives when the people prosper in some way from it. Changes hans empire was an empire of commerce. All of a sudden, people in every part of the world were beginning to get food medicine, textiles from other parts of the world. Books, papers started moving around, knowledge about gunpowder, moved around all the next spread from china to europe. Christian doctrine spread back to china. Was also the 1st to give us an international law. The 1st was the law of religious freedom, but also the law against the kidnapping of women. His mother had been kidnapped, his wife had been kidnapped. He recognized that next to religion. Kidnapping of women was often the most important reason that men fought one another. He also passed the law to protect all envoys, all investigators. This time, usually the way you declared war on another with nation was to kill them baset or that was the beginning of it. Took us hans had no every on best or must be protected with your life. So he created a suspicion of diplomatic immunity. So he united the world in trade, he created the 1st international law. And to me, these are the 2 greatest achievements of changes hon for talking to you on the new site saying something about items, the studio, most of this not 87 degrees, both left you know, thousands of smoke men to it, which is important. I dont want to touch on think of some interchange coding sort of some 2 years before to his home found it as long as of nations. He ordered his people to learn to read and write from his daughters. We do know that they could read and write on one of them became something of a scholar and the chinese on boy described her as reading all the time there from the very beginning of ongoing history, we see that the women were better educated than the man and that has lasted for more than 800 years. Even today, women are more likely to go to the university. Theyre more likely to have advanced degrees that the minute a single young woman are more educated than men goes young man. Because of that, after evolution though, the family lets the girl to the university, not to boy to seems a comforter side, for example. Oh no my the population is going to see during that voice. They should stay at home and look after livestock. Well, 4 goals, they shall be a police to educate of. So is that something exempt for universities . So theres, theres some kind of indication, guest. And that creates problems from many well educated. My goal is that they cannot find partners who are equal to them or adequate interviewed for marriage. Its a social problem today. Status of human human going history is higher than any building the vote during the great mongol imply a deep into politics or in the everyday life. Moments involvement was very important and very powerful for them. And we had, you know, history and that continued, especially no magic site. The womans role is immensely important. And no magic if they say a doing this con, was a man of the step. It came out of a nomadic tribes. There were custom to hurting animals. And hunting animals and he applied the mongolian system of hunting to conquering nations. For the month of those move to the huge formation which he called the left wing and the right weight. That helped to drive everything before him. It drove any animals who were out there and the people who were out there that would push them forward until word would come about mongols coming on because that were spread out so far is very hard to know how many and it just seemed immense. The people wouldnt begin to flee to the city. Thats exactly what he wanted. It brought panic. It brought disease that began to eat up, the food, drink up the water. So the city was already weakened and confused. By the time changes, holland army ex, with time seeing his home, had to adapt many new tactics. And new strategy was because he was facing things of that stuff. People never 1st one was cities could walls just kind of never seen a wallet to those made out of what it was so resourceful you recognize your soldiers couldnt bring down a wall, but was the small river that fed the town. He diverted the river in order to break down the walls. Over and over the bungalow would divert rivers all the way up to the conquest of baghdad. They would use the rivers as the greatest allies to bring down the walls in this way. Among those were able to win city after city after city and finally in 1215, the defeated the june dynasty. It took over the city of what is now badging are seen as hon. Continue to conquer for the rest of his life. He became then the greatest conquer and the history of the world. Theres no one, no one who comes close for look at alexander the great. Maybe he conquered one 3rd of what chicken is hung conquered the day. Alexander, the great died. His entire empire died with him. As his generals carved it up, changes hung, conquered, and his empire lived for a 150 years. Its empire eventually stretched from korea all the way to the age of poland, which stretched from the arctic in the north to the induced river in india. In this town. After the death of changes hung 1227. 00 among the empire continued to grow for 2 more generations. He had put in motion something there could not be stopped and it continue to grow right on through the time of his grandson. Coupla connor who built a coupla con, came the 1st improved china under the jew one dynasty. The monk of dynasty. By 1368. The whole dynasty collapse. Among those return to mongolia to them, it was almost like, well they had made camp in china for 150 years. They just packed up and went home back to their nomadic lifestyle. We were able to keep our language and culture because of the fact that we just went independent southern gears to get countries for hundreds of years. Right after the fall left the molding plant. Nobody could bother us and we were completely independent and comforters inefficient on our own mongolians or some of the most hospitable people in the world. But always the 1st thing you hear is the barking dog. The ongoing dogs are shaggy. They look more like lions than like dogs until the 1st thing you always yell in mongolia, its not hello, im coming. May i come in . Its a high hole home, the dogs home, her dogs the highest fun of the 1st, almost a case of thought. Which is sweet before she gets home because its 15 dollars some years ago. These days the very few about her so i saved the fox main purpose is to protect 5 stops from nature of the for the dentist to accept was grateful for snow. Jeff or red fox or some special fee goes to the identity of magazines. Are there a spirit of whom im going is should be who they used to be among those have been no meds for as long as weve known about them in history. And of course, theres people moving around all the time. Theyre not building cities, theyre not building walls. And theyre not doing the kind of craft work that people in sedentary civilizations do. So they have a whole different approach to the arch. If you go to the magic less though, you will see that one goal is like to see thats the only independent they have. They have to pay each other. Couple of People Living together. Nothing. It sounds nice. Yeah. Thursday, around no movies here. Thursday around they have to entertain each other so they seem to each other. They appreciate these other things. C the moon blew them. 2 2 no, not like doing most of them go in, it calls for tyndall, it is really important. Were hungry as because they have a religious aspect to it. And they have a lot of traditional elements with the leading or, or really poor. But because they elongate the files, they call it moms or download music is not music in our best and comes out uh, embroidery is. Its really the sound. So they go out and process this out. The place where they process the sound is with the animals. And the perception of the space. So how is equity . So these are not view the standards for their food or oh, well no way. He died from 1696 onward mongolia didnt belong to the man to empire. The part of china, the early 20th century, the mantua empire began to fall apart. Mongolia took that opportunity to revolt and to leave china, different people were rising up. They were foreigners occupying many parts of the country. Around like in 21, a group of mercenaries invaded mongolia, led by a european aristocrat named baron von hunger. A guy from europe, who um, some people think was that was a lunatic, but basically was in my going for awhile. Sort of announcing the return of im doing is carla almost view as a weird mistake, but extraordinarily fruitful. Mongolia was tutoring and looking for fritz. They contacted the americans, they contact the british to us to help us. The model is for all their own and mongolia decided to go to russia, the newly formed bullshit the government for health the and saw and said, oh yeah, sure, fine, well, make it part of the survey a union and they were like, no, no, no, no, no, we have to be an independent autonomous area so then they sent in the military and got rid of burned by longer. And at that time, they had very little infrastructure and they began to florida military and they named the leaders that military a guy named beth dar. So bought, there was a patron of the reference when he came in, the political system gradually changed into a full communist system. He died early. So did many of the leaders die early, some of them under suspicious circumstances. The person who was left standing was a martial troublesome, troublesome did with the russians tooling to do a suppressed the buddhist faith. He initiated a purge in which monasteries were burn, buddhist lamas, buddhist priest with killed thousands and thousands of just for being a boat. This long just for being a king size descendants just for being harder sometimes where to came . The demands on the herders became extreme animals were confiscated, left and right for the war effort. While im going to donate to a repeat of all the animals, every bit of water sources and blog, and people in monasteries in gold and filled with animals, horses everything to a world war to when world war 2 in things did not improve troubles and then turn to consolidating the herders into rural communes, theyre more or less completely governed by russia through this time. But eventually the survey, its just one day they just pulled out. They could no longer financially maintain the infrastructure and maintain in the governance in mongolia. They were at the tail end of the soviet empire. And when that empire col