That alpaca is the best known for that high quality will codes all the most surprising that the expensive camilla di family, a sparked medical revolution. Like so many medical revolutions, had begun with a co, incidental discovery at the Free University in brussels. The precisely in the department of applied biological Sciences Says small demands as part of a Research Team in 1989 headed by professor remo thomas, the modem is today, often recounts the historic discovery to students. I will give you the story of the practical sense we need those the 55 years ago with the students. You all know, yvonne for the easy infective to read it back to you. Yeah. Our immune system, we generate antibodies against those bacteria. And so the anti bodies damien, bind to the bacteria, and theyre going to destroy the bacteria, the antibodies at key elements of the immune system that created specifically to detect and eliminate for and substances or anti gents, but gets into our bodies the on the day of the discovery professor homeless students would to isolate and identify antibodies in blood, but the costs didnt get tough to a very good stops. Well, we have our students that refused to donate, blocked. And they would also afraid from the brought to the colleagues. Because if mike bank on time united, read about dieties or h, i v, and there, if youre stuck in a boss for a stupid practical. So therefore, were said, well, you know, we have students in our freezers. Some brought to from a drone with very blood from the one home to campbell was used instead the, the students go to work. But they were in for a surprise along side the plastic anti bodies, or the experiment revealed other anti bodies with a much lights and molecular weight the they have only the way to see if both 90000 and that was surprising because normally that wasnt never seen before in human in rabbit, in most in crocodile, you name me, can you always have agencies with the most of the weight of 160000 professor homeless students had stumbled upon a previously unknown anti body and a living creature. The antibody had just to poly peptide chains as opposed to the 4 in classic hunting bodies, giving its and unusually low molecular weight. The finding then had to be confirmed and repeat experiments. Professor homeless used fresh blood samples from the brussels to, to replicate the test. But not just with blood, from campbells, from lummus, and ill pack as to the results show that all the animals possessed. No, certainly the usual anti bodies, but also things really discovered many anti bodies scientists, one did with ease just the remains of a primitive immune system. Where they functioning antibodies to find out the research as needed, not just mole blood, but the whole campbell, they needed to vaccinate it. In other words, injected with an anti gen a piece of an in activated virus for example. Then they have to wait and see if the animals immune system would produce a response. Using these unusual many antibodies, the scientists had to improvise the zoo animals couldnt be tapped a 2nd time. I wouldnt say that any money any more and therefore we have to ask off the conditions that wasnt americans to take a few outages in his luggage and to reset these own thing at the atlas mountain to immunize the drama they have for his own cause. A farm, but as long ago it was immunized during drama, down summit holiday movies a few times. So we close at one year and a half before we have to anyone for about how did the dromedary use immune system react . Did it produce many anti bodies specifically targeting the intruder . Scientists wherever, eventually able to test the animals blood. The message shown here used the color reaction to make the antibodies recognition of the anti gen visible the, the, or not. But there was no reaction that would have meant that chemical couldnt produce and immune response to the end of june in to the vaccine data going through the office and going through the next hour. Or will there be no point in continuing or the, the, the quantity the sample began to turn yellow about half an hour into the experiment. Down. So was clear. The mini antibodies worked antibodies attach themselves to an outage in to trigger and immune response and eliminate the intruder. But session mood demands made a crucial discovery. When he looked at the very tip of the camel anti bodies, a variable pod can adapt to any kind of virus bacteria or other anti gen and attach itself to it the modem and showed that the antibodies tip could be separated from the rest without homing it the Minutes School antibody fragments proved can also need to be true resistance, but its binding capabilities remained fully intact. The tip is whats known as a nano body, a structure that no longer acts to trigger and immune response, but to size resistance and Binding Properties make it an extremely promising tool. So medical science a dental center. They never forget Something Like that. Its like with both of your 1st child, but opinion if it gets all the data and his baby was soon ready to leave the University Lab and into field research. But 1st session on demands and colleagues. Remo from us and say, see a custom on peyton to the discovery in 1993, giving them the so rights to commercial development for 20 years. Then they published the discovery in the science general nature. The day be for the small hamlet. Antibody with a detachable head for such as and deliberate trees around the world, all responded among them. A lab in must say from a structural biologist allow, who said begin studying the new antibody. As soon as he found out about it the same way they have to do that for me, i spoke to you at this here in mar. See that the 1st and auto body structure was modeled in parallel with our colleagues in brussels, south carolina. We could see the shape that gives the most to its properties. I do need either precisely anything to them. Or there were 3 large loops, a bit like 3 fingers. So i thought that i could grasp leanne to junky, so he did work. Hes over new condo, i dont teach, and he knows even more now, thanks to progress in scientific modeling, but its been confirmed. Its an atomic level that the know tips, binding power is this precise and effective assess of a classic antibody. So nobody can book with a to 14, the existing auto body, like many protein 1st step is composed of various areas that are more or less flat, a hollow and bumpy. These hollows and bumps near the bumps and hollows of the empty gen. See on the 2 molecules fit into one another and thanks to the perfectly complimentary shapes to their surface of contain what that data so fast about the fact that they still hung on it to me fitness i think that ive shown since that deal. And if we take a closer look at this interactions on that, if you look at this atomic structure, we can see that the atoms really do touch each other as these relatively strong bonds between an oxygen that so a nitrogen active good binding the entire antibodies onto the oxygen because of the surface complementarity is in nanometers. Were talking 10 to the power of minus 10 meters. Dont quit, and thats the magic of natural biology. Steve, my mom to that, im not sure either that or the energy the to the tip is atomic high tech about a miniscule vehicle ready for use at any time of the stuff . Scientists dream of the discovery that required a large dose of free lock. The history of science is full of accidental breakthroughs over such that produced unexpected results from aspirin to dynamite, x rays, and the structure of dna. All these coincidental discoveries came from a mix of good luck and ingenuity, retiring phenomena known as serendipity, the, the origin of this term is for this anti body. Quite surprising. It refers to a 16th century passion fairytale, that recounts a journey made by the sweet princess of 7 dead and how they were able to precisely describe the characteristics of a camel, the travel, the rates before them. The combination of count substations and insights resulted in serendipity. And now once again, the campbell is the stop the cook, but the discovery of the accommodated nun a body also raised many questions. Could they actually be used on humans . Works or a piece of complications could be developed and marketed, says more demands prefer to lease beyond says to others, your article go to school. Please get the to assume what they think of it too much of a scientist, a. And i didnt want to get involved in projects leading to commercial product with with you. I wasnt interested them as you stop talking to me as a follow over. Just you to stand on that with the academic movements has never looked back though he did keep to alpaca is from the adventure that really need you to now is to keep the gross and hes or should trend say, this is pack up myself and thats a popular, stuck with fabulous and popular to cartoon cart s the 2 robots through is escaping the bomb. The nice these 2 rules escaping from the middle of it found the night. The one is optic them so it was in belgium. The nano bodies potential applications were 1st explode on some a stomach machine capabilities came to lights. And then a few of n t conducts research at the university whether or not it bodies with us discovered in 2014, to begin to focus on the disease thats read, but still lee. So strikes its caused by bacillus versus a complex and relatively under studied bacterium. The, the 1st time we hear about trucks is in the bible, it was the 5th flake of, as you just say, that it has been always, there is, this is really affecting or warm blooded animal including that. So it spread everywhere in the words. And there are 3 be some way to get things to infections, like skeen respect, sorry, and in the gulf, and thatll be infection cause of systemic in the blog. And then its really, really difficult to be treated as instructs infection via the respiratory system is particularly deadly. So deadly. In fact, the seats inspired biological weapons projects in the 2nd world war. Its nearly 2 weeks since the 1st and track of tax in the united states. The circumstantial evidence is low. American is leading the authorities to investigate possible links between the anthrax and a solid. Been loves. Network 5 people in the us actually died from left to is laced with and strikes in 2001. So how can we protect ourselves that exceed, yeah, so this is let us to class security by law. And what design instructors even look like this for me and then to send them in again, she was interested in one specific characteristic of the bacteria. This is prostitute or some charges. Its a long said bus a lie, its makes change. Made of the center data. They are covered by anata more that is made of little pieces that are trophies, it works so i can make those kind of them. And if you remove the ottoman or the bacteria are getting a signal at austic and they are not defending more. And i came out with the idea that, well, what if i can destroy is our thoughts turned to the nano bodies discovered by how University Colleagues might they be able to use them in a school size to infiltrate the bacteria is alma like tiny miss styles that code for a nama, the protein that makes up the bacteria is um, was injected into the beast. And after a few moments the nama had created nano bodies, specifically targeting this protein field of anti, then introduced, and then their bodies to the answer. I expect tyria the results were astonishing. Those of the known cheese themselves, you see they have these uh, as most shape. But when you treat them, we did not know bodies based factory to wrinkle, and then they, we collapse. They were able to stop the floating to make the armor and without the support of its exoskeleton, the bacterium fills the pots. So its really like the nano bodies are the key of the story going between the hours and these assembled just and then nobody was possible because of the size the that success come to, to test and nobodys in the vibe. In other words, on living mice, them, i swear infected with on trucks and then getting the nano bodies twice a day for 6 days. Well, i really, so they werent going to die on a sleeve, me and my colleague of sleep fluids during the experiments. And then the my subject to, to get better, get better, but getting better. And on sunday morning i get this cold from sleep like so. Why is that, why, why the control with good old dad . I remember really excited jumping. I was like, maybe my ph. Im having remco and i expected Something Likely to is because, oh my god and you said something this, this, this isnt, this is huge, is that its worse. So the best days of my life this opens up really a lot of line of research and also the opening of new foss with treatment for under my kids that have such a higher. This is huge. But its in the belgian city of kent when not able to use have enjoyed the most spectacular success. This is the headquarters of ab links, a stone top founded in 2001 to develop applications for college, not a bodies assigned to fix success story. The discovery of a special type of small anti bodies and candidates, sparked decades of innovation. And it led to the foundation of abilene is in 2000 dead one at that time, the small anti body, whats the name . Amount of body and the start of the company have 10 at police. So is a 15 is blink, 6 fluid potential applications to various types of diseases. Investors gradually began seeing the advantages of using calculating non abilities. And in 2018, they hit the jackpot. The goal process, i know 6, if i did both, it was a good investment it out the well who hosted abilities to 3900000000 euros and amounts equivalent to the promise held in the timing on a bodies. The 1st actual use was a drug center fee began selling in 2019 caps. Assume. Ready a drug tobacco for an auto immune blood disorder thats very red, but faithful in 90 percent of cases if left untreated, a t t p. Ready nationally suffers from the disease acquired from both takes from the side to peanut poor, poor the today. Thanks to capt decision map. Shes in the class. Shes returning to the hospital for a checkup with professor a couple an a t t piece specialist because of treatment work the summer. Yes. Very well overall. Ok on it on us, everythings really back to normal. Now. We just need to check every 3 months and probably for the rest of your life, a lot of cities surely on the good multi it was a real prostitute, the edges and all that stuff to get bruises. So my buddys disappeared. So no reason for the stuff is on my legs and then gradually all his, oh you too bye. Literally stuff is moving up is see this one which is up to some of it. I suppose i bashed into something and so not realize it because im very active. Im a Primary School teacher so so do juggling my children and very young is on file. Im always moving around to her. Its happened over a couple of weeks. Its an eyesore since if it smells like hey, somethings wrong and its because the bruises started to appeal my. Oh yeah. And i had a huge one on my hand and ill see if i thought to myself is on the theres something wrong. Tricity a christmas to them for having to talk to matter the key. Its a disease thats linked to the formation of small clocks in the vessels of emotion organs, typically the brain and the heart, but also the digestive tract and the kidneys. If we do nothing, the organs fail, then the patient dies all gun a mushroom on. As soon as the opportunity my not the no, no body see count, the blood proteins involved in the disorder detached themselves. They replaced the platelets that cause the blood clubs and prevent them from company to come and live. Not able to use, make it possible to attacks that diseases and know what kings associated kit. This is your but since we added campuses, a map to Plasma Exchange and other immune suppressive treatments, patient responses not just in the past or its also long last angle. Thats whats new to the 2nd month. No, on the out of it this off, thanks to this, we can now stop Plasma Exchange much sooner than before. Currently, we estimate that with the addition of capital of season map, we can cut treatment time in half lashawn with this function. Some of the the none of the bodies and now such an integral parts of medical research that, that origin in the calculated immune system is often overlooked. The well gave camels, these unique superpowers, the native vienna, austria permanent book studies, the genetics of the very ancient camella di family choose a specialist on the origins of the cumberlands which have undergone surprising changes during that evolution. The camel originated in the northern america and it was about maybe like 40 to 45000000 years ago at the very beginning. Do the very small, like a goat and um, over the millions of years developed into different campbell types like to smaller thoughts around 50000000 years ago. They split into the tool and images and i believe the new wealth camels into old, old cavities. And then you were cameron, its, they migrated around for the southern america, which i represent that now, but a nama, i talk to the, were not going to be cornea. And the old Little Campbell stay migrate. It varies via the very lens preach to asia and from the out in to africa, of the illusion of the nano bodies. Its it also very, very Old Development must have been older even than 15000000 years ago because both kimberly niches have it. So the system does not know bodies must have developed before display of these truly niches. They have developed over the millions of years, very successful mechanisms to fight against diseases. Then no need for lucian has left it small come the species. But White Cabinets in particular. I would say is by chance, a lot of people, lucian thing happens by chance, trial and error. So something which has been successful survived and evolved. And if it was too much of a cost to keep, then it would have been abandoned again by the species. But why out of mammals would not have developed the same strategy . I dont know. Cumberlands may still have the other secrets, but for now the sharing the benefits, the very means system with humans. These alpaca is for the king, the paris belong to the us to cheapest. They play an active role in some major were such the immuno, the just pa fi is the ship. It to this Small Research heard the take all the adults interested in cumberland antibodies about 20 years ago because of professor how much work and brussel last week said us all the people 1st thought it was funny that we were working with alpaca. So as soon as of now its become so important that everybody understands remote. Im facts and i seen them against various proteins, really against outside was in particular home to pull you up to understand facts and nights. It would take a blood samples of continual work in the line of credit you sold to please continue to use them. We