Must be taken by women. Were forced to face casualties at the front, but never again as during 1943 can one woman quit without two being hired. Theres no time to be spent in the constant training of new replacements. Without the help of additional thousands of women, we cannot build the mountains of materiel consumed in global invasion. We cannot make good the millions of manhours and womanhours that are lost in a fleeting second of smoke and flame. As long as the nazi cancer exists anywhere in the world, this is also a womans war. To be waged so that no woman shall ever again clutch a starved baby to her breast. So that no woman anywhere shall ever be the slave of a fascist state that makes her no more than a brood mare. That is why the women of america like the men at their side must flock toward jobs and stick to those jobs until that day when an end has come to the devastation of the earth. When men again may safely go down to the sea. That day when peace has come once more to all lands. Especially to the land at whose gate stands the finest warrior, the greatest woman of them all. Friday, a conference on defense innovation. Defense secretary Ashton Carter takes part in the event hosted by the center for strategic and international studies. Live coverage at 8 00 a. M. Eastern here on cspan3. And later, a look at the reconnecting Justice Program which provides education and training for prisoners. The center for law and social policy holds a briefing with state and federal correctional education administrators. Thats live at noon eastern also here on cspan3. On election day, november 8th, the nation decides our next president and which Party Controls the house and senate. Stay with cspan for coverage of the president ial race, including Campaign Stops with hillary clinton, donald trump, and their surrogates. And follow key house and senate races with our coverage of their candidate debates and speeches. Cspan, where history unfolds daily. This weekend on American History tv on cspan3, saturday morning from 9 00 eastern till just after noon should the British Empire and its commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, this was their finest hour. Were live for the 33rd International Churchill conference in washington, d. C. Focusing on the former british prime ministers friends and contemporaries. Speakers include british historian andrew roberts, author of masters and commanders how four titans won the war in the west, 19411945. And later on saturday a later o texas General Land Office commissioner george p. Bush. State senator jose menendez. And Musician Phil Collins talk about the spanish mission, the alamo at the 2016 Texas Tribune festival in austin. The memories of have of my it presses of that time was this group of people were going and they knew they were going to die but they went. Or they were there. Crockett went. There was something very norm and very romantic. Ive learnt that it wasnt quite as black and white. And thats one of the things i think would be good in this day and age, that we put it into context. Then sunday evening at 6 00 on american artifacts. Macarthurs up front. You notice hes not wearing a weapon. He would often lead attacks carrying nothing but that riding crop that you see in his left hand. And the men looked at this and realized, hey, if the colonel later the brigadier if the colonel can take it, well, i can take it too. We visit the macarthur memorial in norfolk, virginia, to learn about the early life of douglas macarthur, who commanded allied forces in the pacific during world war ii. And at 8 00 the great leaders also serve as conscience in chief. With the highest level of integrity. With their moral compass locked on true north so that we can always count on them to do the right thing when times get tough or when no one is looking. Author talmadge boston explains his Ten Commandments for president ial leadership. What they are, and provides examples of president s who excelled at each one. For our complete American History tv schedule, go to cspan. Org. Next, reel america features the 1945 film directed about frank capra titled why we fight war comes to america. It chronicles the world events that pulled the u. S. Into world war ii. The film was intended to educate americans on the war effort and to refute nazi and japanese propaganda. I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of america, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. In the jungles of new guinea. On the barren shores of the allusions. In the tropic heat of the pacific islands. In the subzero cold of the skies over germany. In burma. And iceland. The philippines. And iran. France. In china. And italy. Americans fighting. Fighting over an area extending seveneighths of the way around the world. Men from the green hills of new england. The sunbaked plains of the middle west. The cotton fields of the south. The closepacked streets of manhattan. Chicago. The teeming factories of detroit. Los angeles. The endless stretching distances of the southwest. Men from the hills and from the plains. From the villages and from the cities. Bookkeepers. Soldiers. Mechanics. College students. Rich man. Poor man. Beggar man. Thief. Doctor. Lawyer. Merchant. Chief. Now veteran fighting men. Yet two years ago, many had never fired a gun or seen the ocean or been off the ground. Americans. Fighting for their country while half a world away from it. Fighting for their country. And for more than their country. Fighting for an idea. The idea bigger than the country. Without the idea, the country might have remained only a wilderness. Without the country, the idea might have remained only a dream. Over this ocean, 1607, jamestown. 1620, plymouth rock. Here was america. The sea, the sky. The virgin continent. We came in search of freedom, facing unknown dangers rather than bend the knee or bow to tyranny. Out of the native oak and pine we built a house. A church. A watchtower. We cleared a field. And there grew up a colony of free citizens. We carved new states out of the green wilderness. Virginia. Massachusetts. Rhode island. Carolina. Then came the first test in the defense of that liberty. 1775, lexington. Our leaders spoke our deepest needs. Colonists are by the law of nature freeborn, as indeed all men are. It is the right of the people to alter or abolish it and to Institute New government. These are the times that try mens souls. But as for me, give me liberty or give me death. In the midst of battle, it happened. The idea grew. The idea took form. Something new was expressed by men. A new and revolutionary doctrine. The greatest Creative Force in human relations. All men are created equal. All men are entitled to the blessings of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Thats the goal we set for ourselves. Defeat meant hanging. Victory meant a world in which americans ruled themselves. 1777, valley forge. We fought and froze, suffered and died. For what . For the future freedom of all americans. A few of us doubted and despa despaired. Most of us prayed and endured all. 1781. Yorktown. Now we were a free, independent nation. The new idea had won its first test. Now to pass it on to future americans. The constitution, the sacred charter of we, the people. The blood and sweat of we, the people. The life, liberty, and happiness of we, the people. The people were to rule. Not some of the people. Not the best people or the worst. Not the rich people or the poor. But we, the people. All the people. In this brotherhood, america was born. One nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. It began as 13 states along the atlantic seaboard. We pushed across the alleghenys, the ohio river, the mississippi. The last far range of the distant rockies. We carried freedom with us. No aristocratic classes here. No kings. No nobles or princes. No state church. No courts. No parasites. No divine right of man to rule man. Here, humanity was making a clean, fresh start from scratch. Behind us we left new states. Chips off the old blocks welded together by freedom. My country tis of thee sweet land of liberty of thee i sing land where my fathers died land of the pilgrims pride from every mountainside let freedom ring until finally we were one nation. A land of hope and opportunity that had arisen out of a skeptical world. A light was shining. Freedoms light. From every country and every clime, mensah that light and turned their faces toward it. Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free. The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempesttossed, to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door. As strange esto one another, we came and built a country. And the country built us into americans. The sweat of the men of all nations was poured out to build the new. The sweat of our first settlers, the english, the scotch, the dutch. Building the workshop of new england. Of the italian in the sulfur mines of louisiana. Of the frenchman and the swiss in the vineyards of california and new york state. Of the dane, the norwegian, the swede, seeding the good earth to make the midwest bloom with grain. Of the welsh. Of the negro harvesting cotton in the hot southern son. Of the spaniard. The first to roam the great southwest. Of the mexican in the oil fields of texas and on the ranches of new mexico. Of the greek and the portuguese harvesting the crop the ocean yield. Of the german with his technical skill. Of the hungarian and the russian. Of the irish, the slav, and the chinese working side by side. The sweat of americans and a great nation was built. Yes, the sweat of the men of all nations built america. And the blood. For the blood of americans has been freely shed. Five types in our history have we withstood the challenge to the idea that made our nation. The idea of equality for all men. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The idea that made us the people we are. Lets take a look at ourselves before we went into this war. Well, first of all, were a working people. On the late. At a work bench. At a desk. Were an inventive people. The lightning rod. Cotton gin. The telegraph. The blessed anesthesia. The rotary printing press. Telephone. Electric welding. The incandescent lamp. The submarine. Steam turbine. The motordriven airplane. The xray tube. The gyroscope compass. The sewing machine. Television. All these and countless more bear witness to our inventiveness. And this inventiveness and enterprise, plus our hardwon democratic ideal of the greatest good for the greatest number, created for the average man the highest standard of living in the world. 32. 5 million registered automobiles, twothirds of all the automobiles there are in the entire world. We demand the highest standards in sanitation, purity of food, medical care. Our hospitals are models for the world to copy. We want the best for the average man, woman, or child. Particularly child. We have reduced the hazard of being born. From then on we protect, foster, and generally spoil the majority of our children. But it doesnt seem to hurt them much. They go to school. All kinds of schools. The kindergartens, public schools, private schools, trade schools, high schools, 25,000 high schools. And to college. In the last war, 20 of all men in the armed forces had been to high school or college. In this war, 63 . Were a great two weeks vacation people. We hunt. And we fish. Up north, down south, back east, out west. When the season opens, we hunt and fish. Were a sportsloving people. And were probably the travelingest nation in all history. We love to go places. We have the cars. We have the roads. We have the scenery. We dont need passports. But sometimes we need alibis. We sleep by the road. We eat by the road. The foreigner is enchanted and amazed by what we like to put on our stomachs. And were a great joining people. We join clubs. Frat tenderties. Unions. Federations. Shove a blank at us, well sign up. Radios, we have one in the living room when you think of refreshment, think of the dining room the bedroom. The bathroom. In our cars. And in case of acid independent jaegs in our hands. Does your cigarette taste different lately . Music. We couldnt be without it. The press, yes, its the biggest. But most important its the freest on earth. Over 12,000 newspapers of all shades of opinion. Books on every conceivable subject. More than 6,000 different magazines, not counting the comics. Churches, we have every denomination on earth. 60 million of us regularly attend. And no one dares tell us which one to go to. We elect our own neighbors to govern us. We believe in individual enterprise and opportunity for men and women alike. We make mistakes. We see the results. We correct the mistakes. We skyrocket into false prosperities and then plummet down into false, needless depressions. But in spite of everything, we never lose our faith in the future. We believe in the future. We build for the future. Yes, we build for the future. And the future always catches up with us. Before were done building, weve developed something new and have to start rebuilding. Thats roughly the kind of people we are. Mostly easygoing. Sentimental. But underneath, passionately dedicated to the ideal our forefathers passed on to us. The liberty and dignity of man. Weve made great material progress. But spiritually were still in the frontier days. Yet deep down within us, theres a great yearning for peace and goodwill toward men. Somehow we feel that if men turn their minds toward the fields of peace as they have toward the fields of transportation, communication, or aviation, wars would soon be as oldfashioned as the horse and buggy days. We hate war. We know that in war its the common man who does the paying, the suffering, the dying. We bend over backwards to avoid it. But let our freedoms be endan r endangered and well pay and suffer and fight to the last man. That is the american. That is the way of living for which we fight today. Why . Is that fight necessary . Did we want war . In 1917, before most of you fighting men were born, our fathers fought the First World War to make the world safe for democracy. For the common man. They fought a good fight and won it. There was to be no more war in their time or their childrens time. Faithful to our treaty obligations, we destroyed much of our naval tonnage. Our army went on a reducing diet until it became little more than a skeleton. For us, war was to be outlawed. For us, europe was far away. And as for asia, well, that was really out of this world. Where everything looked like it was torn from the national geographic. Yet in this remote spot in asia, in 1931, while most of you were playing ball in the sand lots, this war started. Without warping, japan invaded manchuria. Once again, men who were peaceful became the slaves of men who were violent. In washington, d. C. , our secretary of state made a most vigorous protest. The American Government does not intend to recognize any situation, treaty, or agreement which may be brought about by means of aggression. But we, the people, hadnt much time to think about manchuria. We were wrestling with the worst depression in our history. Some of us were out of jobs. Some of us stood in bread lines. Some of us suffered homemade aggression. Some of us were choked with dust. Some of us had no place to go. Two years later in 1933, while most of you were graduating from high school, we read that a funny little man called hitler had come into powner in germany. We heard that a thing called the nazi party had taken over. Today we rule germany, tomorrow the world. What kind of talk was that . It must be only hot air. 1935, about the time you had your first date, we read that strutting mussolini had attacked faroff ethiopia. The disease seemed to be spreading. So Congress Assembled to insulate us against the growing friction of war. We want no war. Well have no war, saving defense of our own people or our own army. Toward this end, our chosen representatives passed the neutrality act. No nation at war could buy manufactured arms or munitions from the United States. 1936. When you were running around in jalopies, we were disturbed by news from spain. In our newsreels we saw german and italian air forces and armies fighting in spain and wondered what they were doing there. For the first time we saw great cities squashed flat, civilians bombed and killed. In november 1936, the American Institute of public opinion, known as the gallup poll, asked a representative Cross Section of american people, if another war develops in europe, should america take part again . No. 95 . We, the people, had spoken. 19 out of 20 of us said, include us out. To further insulate ourselves we added a cash and carry amendment to the neutrality act. Not only wouldnt we sell munitions, but we wouldnt sell anything at all. Not even a spool of thread. Unless warring powers sent their own ships and paid cash on the line. In 1937, the press Services Received a flash from asia. Yes, the japs were turning asia into a slaughterhouse. But for us, asia was still far away. In september 1937, the gallup poll asked us, in the present fight between japan and china are your sympathies with either side . We answered, with china, 43 . With japan, 2 . Undecided, 55 . We hadnt made up our minds about china. Our neutrality act barred sales of armaments only to nations at war. The japanese had not declared war so we went right on selling scrap iron and aviation gasoline to japan. In march 1938, hitler had not declared war either but his goosestepping army suddenly smashed in and occupied all the soil of austria. Six months later, hitler and his stooge met the anxious democracies at munich. Hitler promised peace in our time if britain and france would give him that part of czechoslovakia known as the sudetenland. Britain and france give him that part of czechoslovakia, hoping to avert war. Now we had his word. Peace in our time. At home, we began to hear strange headlines. Extra, extra fbi captures we sat in our theaters, unbelieving, as Motion Pictures exposed nazi espionage in america. As germans we know if america is to be free we must destroy the chain that ties the whole misery of american politics together, and that chain is the United States constitution seig h. Il could these things really be . Yes, these subversive acts were hap