Plenary. This sponsored Community Partnerships and the preservation of africanAmerican History sites and the National Park Services Second century. It is an honor to be here with plenary participants especially especially mr. Stanton and mr. , franklin. I would like to take this opportunity to underscore our enthusiasm for the park Service Partnership with the association for the study of africanamerican life in history. The park Service Needs this collaboration as we reach to more nuanced exploration of american stories, and sharing those stories with a wide audience in innovative ways. I hope you already know, or will discover, the National Park service is a good partner. Our civil rights initiative, begun this year, offers opportunities for collaboration, and in fact, the park Service Plans to create opportunities to help Park Services interpret interpreters research africanamerican stories associated with parks. The skills as researchers and historiography and teachers, our our skills that can help us do our job better. Earlier this year, the National Park service funded almost 5. 5 Million Dollars worth of projects through the civil rights initiative. I would like to share briefly with you a handful of those projects. Our colleagues in the midwest region have planned an ambitious study that poses a big question. How did race structure africanamericans access to Outdoor Recreation and leisure resources since the end of the civil war through the present . A pretty big question. They want to understand how the history of Outdoor Recreation related to the creation of an africanamerican middleclass, africanamerican relationship with nature and the evolution of africanamerican environmental thought. The Southeast Region will be taking a closer look at the historical significance of dr. Martin luther king and Coretta Scott king in their later life when they lived in a home on Sunset Avenue in atlanta. The Jimmy Carter National Historic Site, the Research Focus is on africanamerican georgia where jimmy and Roslyn Carter grew up. This research will allow the park service to connect the story of the carters, who are proud graduates of plains high school, with the stories of africanamerican men and women who attended separate but equal unequal schools during the jim crow era, to connect them with those stories, but also stories of the resistance that brought about the desegregation of county schools. Our northeast region will explore the history of reconstruction of the north least northeast. They will use that research to draw interpretive connections between park resources and issues relevant to contemporary society. Issues such as the pervasive legacy of racial violence, citizenship, and social inequality. The study complements work currently being completed by the National Park service through a landmark study identifying reconstruction sites and themes and this focuses primarily on the occupied south. In another study, the northeast region turns the light on park Service History by documenting racial segregation in units of the National Park system in virginia during the jim crow and modern civil rights eras, and yes, according to park Service Geography virginia is in the northeast region. What were official and informal practices of Racial Discrimination practiced by some units established in virginia . What strategies did africanamericans devise to gain access to recreational resources in the years following official desegregation . The National Capital region is also examining the history of the National Park service and public policy. In 1967, the year before washington erupted in protest and violence after the assassination of dr. King the , agency sponsored a summer in the parks program, providing programs for d. C. Residents. Following the d. C. Riot the , mayor credited the program with preventing violence in washington from becoming worse than it was, and it was pretty bad. He also publicly praised the Parks Service and thanked them for saving the city. How did that program work and what were its legacies . These are just a few of the projects that would help the National Park service be better stewards and interpreters of the hallowed places that we preserve and protect. While youre at the meeting, you can find out more about the National Park service site and programs that preserve stories of africanamerican life in history by visiting the exhibit in the exhibit hall, and there you will find posters that are highlighting community outreach, the Jefferson National expansion memorial in st. Louis, the lincoln home National Historic site in illinois and youth including an urban archaeology course in richmond the last two summers with great success. Before i introduce the plenary moderator i would like to share an experience that speaks to the theme of this panel. Last saturday i was in a hallowed place on a backstreet in maryland. I attended the 150th anniversary celebration of colsons chapel located a breath away from , the antietam battlefield. In 1866, three people design, financed and built colsons chapel. They later filled foundation. They felled trees and huge logs to make the walls of this sacred space. From 1868 through 1877, it s bureau a freedmen school, and after it ended, the chapel remained a place of worship until 1998. The building and its cemetery have been preserved by the friends of colsons chapel, who recognize its importance. The park service has also recognized its importance by listing it on the National Register of historic places. Some day it might be on the , National Historic landmark registry. In his opening remarks, my colleague invoked the spirits of the first 18 students who enrolled there, the remnants of two blackboards uncovered during restoration enhanced that invocation. Could we hear those children being asked . We could. We can imagine them practicing arithmetic and writing their abcs on the board in the front of the room. Here is where mines were a pencil made it a pancit emancipated where souls were , uplifted, where freedom was created. That how load, obscure place mattered. , it is my further ado pleasure to introduce the panel moderator, the resources director of the National Park conservation association. Since joining in 1999 he has worked for enhancing Cultural Diversity programs and managed the National Parks Community Management program. His mission to connect the National Parks two major cities racially and ethnically diverse to racially citizens founded a groundbreaking Youth Employment program. After joining the Government Affairs department, he was is to he was instrumental in gaining passage of the National Underground railroad National Funding reauthorization act of 2008. More recently he was part of , five successful National Monument campaigns including fort young, and harriet tubman. Thank you. Alan spears. [applause] mr. Spears good afternoon, everybody. Welcome to the 101st conference for the studytion of africanamerican life and history. It is a pleasure to be here. I want to thank our host. There are a number of people in the room. It is a fantastic organization. You all know that because you are probably members. Again, i am alan. We will take about 40 minutes to do our first panel. And then we will bring up experts from National Park service to talk to a little bit more, and we will do our best to wrap up by 6 30, so you can get to the reception tonight which will be a real fantastic event. One housekeeping event if you have one of these, and who doesnt these days please place it on silent. We would like to avoid beethovens symphony and bird signals and calls in the middle of what is going to be a fantastic panel. Opportunity,eat privilege of having this conversation with two colleagues, peers, mentors, and friends. I want to introduce you to on my far left john w. Franklin, the senior manager in the office of external affairs for the newly opened museum of the africanAmerican History. [applause] and if it was possible to top that, we have bob stanton sitting next to him, the former director of the National Work National Park service. The first africanamerican to serve in that role, and someone who has been a champion for diversity and enhancing the lives of African Americans in the park service. Welcome him. [applause] i would be remiss if i did not say quickly about the National Parks conservation we are a , private nonprofit. We are not the National Park foundation. Organization. Cacy i tend to dress like this on capitol hill in washington law be on behalf of the park service to increase relevancy diversity and inclusion. We will talk about that today. This is 2016. It is the centennial for the National Park service. How many people are aware of that . Ok. Thank you for coming. Everybody knows, so this is a wellinformed group. I do not think we need to belabor that point too much. In the centennial year, as we are thinking about strides to advance relevancy, diversity, and inclusion in our National Parks, this president , president obama has done a fantastic job to designate new parks. It is the time to celebrate, commemorate what is going on in our National Parks. It is also time to think about what the future looks like. And how it really extend this movement to create a 21st century arc system for a 21st century america. Mr. Stanton, you devoted your life to the National Park service and public lands. You have seen this from the long view. With your experience, talk about what your thoughts are on the centennial. How is the park service doing . What did they need to do to keep going the right direction . Mr. Stanton thank you very much, alan. And i want to join you in applauding the leadership, allowing this session this afternoon. Ladies and gentlemen, we are honored to have in the audience the president dr. Evelyn , higginbotham. You honor us. [applause] stanton thank you very much. i also want to salute npca and the National Park service. It is certainly an honor to be here with john w. Franklin. I asked each of you to join me in applauding our colleagues. At the National Smithsonian exam of africanAmerican History and culture, to john and to dr. Lonnie bunch and all of your colleagues, we are in your debt. We are so grateful. [applause] mr. Stanton i will attempt to be brief, to speak about an agency i have known for half a century. And once i get involved and talk about the National Park service, i would ask each of you to be prepared to have breakfast here tomorrow morning. Because we will be that long. But seriously, i will be brief. To look in this audience and see so many familiar faces, and certainly my colleagues in the National Park Service Although i still refer to them as my colleagues even though i have not been with the park service for the last 16 years. They are still a part of me and i am part of you. The finest men and women in the government. If it would be appropriate, i would like to briefly reflect on the 100th anniversary of the National Park service to reflect on the journey for which we have traveled from august 25, 1916, and recognizing we have scholars in the audience who traffic in facts i want to dispel the rumor. No, i was not there when president Woodrow Wilson signed on august 25,t 1916. Tetonentering grand National Park in the summer of 1962, and that was made possible through the courageous leadership of the honorable stuart lee udall. Let me go back with the progression of the National Parks system and make a couple comments about where we are and where i think we might go. Hascertainly dr. Franklin some very keen observations on this as well. We talk about the 100th anniversary of the National Park service. Wasnt yellowstone in 1872 . Yes. Yellowstone, joined by 34 other parks was established 100 years ago by congress signed into law , by president Woodrow Wilson, and its interesting to note that the secretary of the interior had difficulty protecting the park from peoplend people we illegally grazing, and have little limited personnel to assist. He prevailed on the department of defense. Said, ietary of war will help you given that Congress Give you authorization to use my military force for domestic purposes. Congress agreed and consequently these secretary of the interior had the benefit of the u. S. Cavalry. History books had not recorded that among those protecting the National Parks before there was a National Park service, where people of my beautiful color, the Buffalo Soldiers. That story is being told now. Very vividly at this parks, and certainly as alan mentioned at the buffalo soldier National Monument in ohio. 1916 with the new agency, it muddled along. And we were confronted with world war ii and a couple parts parks were added, what have you. And then a visionary by the name of Horace Albright prevailed on president Franklin Delano roosevelt maybe you looked at the reorganization of the executive branch and in doing so look at these very historic , sites under the department of war, under the department of agriculture, under the white house. It may be considered under that executive order endorsed by Congress Called the reorganization of the executive branch in 1933. The number of areas for which the National Park service was responsible after the authorization was signed by president roosevelt, doubled. All of the revolutionary war sites, civil war sites, the war of 1812. The statue of liberty, the parks in washington d c washington, d. C. The statue of liberty all , came under the National Park service. Then following that, we as well know, we went into the depression, followed by the Second World War and the korean war so if you parks were added here and there. 1960s, therete was a discussion and larger urban areas were established. Something else was taking place come 1960 up until today. There was a full recognition not only by the government but by the American People that if sincere to be severe recognizing the contributions of all people regardless of the , walk of life, the racial or ethnic background, those legacies should be perpetuated within the National Park system. Area 1943 was the first specifically to recognize the contribution of africanamerican, George Washington carver, followed by a fogarty Washington Monument in 1956 booker t. Washington monument in 19 56. And dedicated in 1974. Mr. Frederick douglass and i met the National Park service in the same year. Think about that one. I first dawned the green and gray as a marshall in grand teton National Park. In 1962, president john f. Kennedy signed legislation making the douglas home part of the National Park system. The fire started burning deeply either time his legacy became a unit of the National Park system. But today, with president obamas extensive use of the antiquities act, it gives the president unilateral authority to establish a monument out of existing federal properties. There are 30 areas included. The underground network to freedom. They specifically commemorate africanamericans such as selma to montgomery, the tuskegee airmen, and what have you. [applause] but realize, our story is more than that. If you were to look at the scope of our history as prevailed at the museum and john may speak about this, we have only touched the surface. So while we are optimistic that new areas will be added to the National Park system, there is 413 as of this date. I think before president Obama Leaves Office there may be a couple more, and the growth will continue. It will continue. That is only part of the challenge. The other part of the challenge is what you do with , the existing areas. Recognize that our parents and our contemporaries put their imprint, the handprints on every area in this country and that story needs to be fully told. I will close with this observation. That we never should relinquish and dr. Higginbotham and others, they did not write this script, but they would suggest this is the script i would read. What we do needs to be wellrounded in scholarship. That is only half of it. Having the scholarship is the will to share the scholarship with the educational interpretive program. And sometimes the things we would tell would not be those that make people jump up and clap and feel proud. Perhaps in Langston Hughes words, would be a shame. And yet, the full story has to be told. That is being done now. I do have one historical document that belongs to the park service. I have sort of kept it for a while. [laughter] in 1978 let me back up. I told you you were going to be here until breakfast. There were two brothers. And before i transition up or downward i am going to be advocating they get their full do. Robert and vince to forest. Firstserving my superintendency in the National Capital region and these bright , young fellows said, you know, we will be shooting off fireworks and what have you. The came up with a proposal that was beyond the fireworks. And they presented this proposal to eventually log into a contract endorsed by one of my great heroes, one of the legendary directors of the National Park service. This proposal was to study areas that are of national significance, but have not been recognized, and they convened an outstanding panel of scholars and produced a number of proposals that went through the National Park system advisory board, boom, boom, boom, and many National Historic landmarks came out of it. Atyou were to take a look the new areas in the park system, they were first recognized as National Historic landmarks. Carter g woodson, maggie lena walker, coming out of that effort. We dont know about that. That story has to be told. Without their efforts, would that be true . Then they made the proposal why doesnt the park service take an indepth look at the areas of the system that are not established to recognize the significance of africanamerican roles or contributions at this at those sites . Ultimately, the idea is evolved into a request for proposal, and the alma mater of many of you sitting here won the contract, Howard University. Contract was awarded to Howard University under the leadership of dr. Harris who i think was had of the history department. It was called afro American History and interpretation at the National Parks and it specifically focused on petersburg, Harpers Ferry, shall Harpers Ferry, chalmette, davis in the great state of texas and if you were to go to fort davis, Harpers Ferry you could see the manifestation of what this report did. That was in 1978. It produced a scholarship. The park service had the will to use the scholarship to broaden the interpretation of the site. So, lieutenant flipper and the Buffalo Soldiers at fort davis, texas realized in that story. Five blacks served with john brown in the raid. Their story is told. Shepherds college. The niagara movement. It can be done. The scholarship has to be the undergirding factor and have the will to move up on that. That is the challenge for the future. And certainly with a diverse population of over 300 Million People there are so many stories , to be told and scholarship to be collected and made useful to tell the story of all america. Of all america. Thank you. [applause] we are going to go ahead and place that breakfast order. Now i will go to john. Where are we for the Park Service Centennial . And there is a new player in town. If you are a museum, how does that contribute . We are the new kid on the block. We have worked with the park service to acquire the land that the museum sits on. And i have had a long working relationship with the park service because i came into the smithsonian through the folk lives festival which is an event with the park service on park service land. But i want to go back for a moment and i have a couple questions for you, too, bob. If any of you saw the ken burns keys you saw that my father was , holding me as a two or threeyearold, saying i want to run somewhere. And i only got a copy of that picture right about the time my father passed. So, i started going to parks very early. We lived in california, we lived in hawaii. So i went to the big island and saw the volcano. That is a National Park as well. We drove west and this is when he would drive with the aaa book and it explains what every town is known for, what its restaurants are, what its mines were what its Historic Sites , were. We have the book as we drove from d. C. To North Carolina or from new york to North Carolina. In my mothers people were from goldsboro, but my fathers people were from oklahoma. The park service eventually did a study of the tulsa massacre, it, topogrom as we call justify creating a National Park. But we drove west. And we went from chicago to st. Louis. The arch was built. Thats right. Mr. Franklin to tulsa, to see my family and then to amarillo, tucson, l. A. , where i became a proofreader for a textbook at 13. And then up into idaho and montana and north dakota. So, we went to grand teton, we went to the grand canyon. We went to badlands. We went to mount rushmore. Then in more recent years, i have gone to some of the africanamerican parks. I guess the first when i went to was the Frederick Douglass Historic Site in d. C. Frederick douglass had another house where the art museum started, but that did not make it into the park service system. And the association for africanamerican museums had its meeting in roanoke. Has taken me to atlanta frequently so i have seen the different king sites in atlanta. And when this conference or the association of africanamericans meet, we try to learn about the history of the place. And therefore, we went on the selma to montgomery trail and saw the museum both in selma and the midway point where there is an interpretive center. And i guess the most recent park i have been to, the site i have been to is right here in richmond. Do maggie walker. To maggie walker. So, i got used to going to parks as a natural site, as an Historic Site and then later as an africanamerican site. And i was on a panel for the association of applied anthropology of a couple years ago, and the session looked at National Parks that were not designated or africanAmerican History, but later was discovered an africanamerican layer. You see, our history is hidden and sometimes hidden in plain sight, but certainly hidden. And one panelist talked about the battlefield outside of baltimore. And it was known as a battle site, but then people looked at who owns the land where the battle took place and it was a French Family that had fled the haitian revolution and brought their enslaved people with them to this plantation and they were infamous for not giving them sufficient food or clothing. So that was a hidden layer of that story. The great dismal swamp, which is on the cover of my fathers book runaway slave, was created as a natural site until it was discovered that africanamericans had been living there as freed people from probably 1600 on. It was assumed to be uninhabitable, and people said, let us continue to assume it is uninhabitable, because they will not find us living here until they began to need the cyprus to be cut and the People Living in the swamp had actual employment around cutting the cyprus tree. So, wherever we are we need the discovery of the place, whether it is a park service site or not. Right now, we are awaiting the unveiling of two new signs in d. C. For those of you who know where the air and space museum and hirshhorn museum, it is that corner. As we have been planning this museum, we have been studying what are our neighborhoods like . What was our neighborhood like 100 years ago, 200 years ago. In the 1790s it was all plantations, because our first capitals were new york and philadelphia. So there were africanamericans working on that land before. But i was reading constants screen conant stance green years ago, trying to learn about d. C. , and across from where it would be built in 1830s, there were slave pens. That got my attention. So later this month we will , unveil two new signs in d. C. On the corner of seventh and independence, one on slavery in d. C. , and there are no signs currently talking about slavery in d. C. Unless there is one in the pearl on the river because when lincoln came, he could see the slave pens from his office and he wrote about it. And so on the sleeve pens and slavery in d. C. , have a lincoln quote of what it looked like. And then we have a second side and we took from solomon northrups own riding, the description of williams private jail where he was captured. And we are using images from in broadside slave market of america condemning public and private prisons in d. C. In 1834. So, we have to bring this history to light and we have to continue those of you working on your dissertations know there is more research to be done to find out the history of our places. [applause] mr. Spears did you have a question to pose . Mr. Franklin what was it like working at Frederick Douglass . Mr. Stanton Frederick Douglass was my first superintendency, and it includes areas in d. C. And it included parks within washington, d. C. , and maryland. I was appointed in 1970 by the first negro superintendent of the park service, notwithstanding that Charles Young had served as the active superintendent 13 years before the park service. As i mentioned earlier, douglass. As authorized most of the women at the Frederick Douglass memorial association, the National Club then leadership of its first lady president , but there was 542,000 dollars that was the initial restoration of the home and proudly that happened in my first superintendency and the history of the home has become more widely known. There is a modest visitor center. The architect of the Visitors Center is a howard graduate. The lifesize sculpture of douglass and the film was by a black producer who died not too long ago, but interestingly enough, the Technical Advisor for the sound was a distinguished member of the group of dr. Benjamin morals. So there is a rich history at douglass home. Then he fell into disfavor and was booted to the u. S. Virgin islands. You know, you have to work somewhere. Mr. Spears what has been the challenge of bringing africanamerican sites into the system . Mr. Stanton i go back, and i touch on this extensively in my memoirs. My first 23 years in this country was a different america. All of my childhood and school was under the doctrine of separate but equal. I could not enter the front door of a cafe where my mother was a cook to order a cup of coffee. Not until 1964. Stewart udall had the courage to select young africanamerican males to go into predetermined locations. Before there was the Civil Rights Act of 1964, you talk about your travels. I was refused service in jackson, wyoming along with two other africanamericans working in grand teton at that time. But what i have experienced over my half of a century at the parks, the story has to be gotten out to young people about the richness of the experience , from intellectual to Emotional Development of going into a park. And we, the park Service Needs to continue to describe the adth of the programs and activities. Unfortunately, too often the people are seen as tree huggers and bear chasers. While i was a ranger of the park service, the only representative percentage of the workforce, there is a very technical and professional discipline in the ranks of the park service. Neurosurgeon, architect, archaeologist computer specialist, budget, financial specialist those Career Opportunities have to be shared with our young people. I may not want to be in grand teton yellowstone out front, but i do want to be an engineer or Landscape Architect as part of my career. But that story is not told. Therefore, people have a limited perception about what their Career Opportunities are. That story has to be continued to be told to our young people as they are planning their careers. Similarly in the museum world we need to explain to young people that when i come to the museum they see the final product. They dont know all of the years and all of the hands that have touched this project as it has been in gestation. We used to have a program called career awareness where we brought middle School Students to see the museum behind the scene. And i think similar to the park need to expose young people to the range of park Service Careers and the training that you need for these different positions to engage them. I spoke to a group of High School Girls last year, and i started by talking about all of the different careers in cultural institutions. Do you want to be an architect . Do you want to own the company that builds the building . We need lawyers. The smithsonian is a billion dollar business. We need people that can keep track of money. Mr. Stanton thats right. All of these aspects that people do not know about. The audience may not know this, but the park service played a major role in the evolution of the museum, the national museum. A president ial commission was appointed by president george w. Bush, and the commission was staffed by the park service in a and a number of your colleagues led it through that period. And at the beginning we realized we were two different worlds using similar, but not exactly the same language, so we had to clarify what you mean by story, what we mean by story. But the park service ably managed that commission and the commission made that report recommending that this new museum be created under the auspices of the smithsonian, particularly so it would have access to federal funds. So the smithsonian is quasifederal we received most of our money from federally appropriated funds and then we have to raise money on the private side for our exhibitions, for educational programs, for other things. But we work very well with the park service. Before we opened, we actually signed a memorandum of understanding between the new museum and the park service. I think your hand was somewhere involved in that. One othern characteristic of the National Park service and the National Parks, and to a degree the smithsonian is decentralized as well. The National Park service has a physical presence. , thech of the 50 state virgin islands, guam and washington, d c when a person is , considering a career with the National Park service, while they may have an interest in being at grand teton or the everglades were magda we know magdalena walker, you are really a park Service Employee and there may be an occasion where there will be an opportunity or a need for your skills and knowledge in alaska, hawaii, the virgin islands, puerto rico. It is an organization that has a very mobile workforce, having very capable people to pick up and relocate. That is what we try to encourage as well. I dont know how we are doing on time now. Mr. Spears we have a few minutes. We have communities all across the country, africanamerican communities that are reeling from a variety of issues. What is the role of history in the africanamerican experience, forward,g a path providing healing, giving people hope, and anchoring folks to a history that is glorious and the role of the park service in that into an half minutes. In two and a half minutes. [laughter] mr. Stanton excellent, alan. President lincoln, in his second inaugural address spoke to the healing of a nation, or to bind up the nations wounds and mr. Douglass, in one of his last speeches, he said we differ as the waves but are as one as the sea. I have concluded there is a very prominent role the parks can play in the park service, that there is a role that the National Park service and parks can play in unifying us as a people, recognizing that we have made some previous mistakes along the way. Learn should be able to from those previous mistakes. More thehe africanamerican is shared across racial and ethnic lines and vice versa, we can understand and respect someones background or culture. But if we stay divided or move down our own stovepipe, we will never be united. If you were to take a look at the areas in the park system, they begin to reflect the face of america in terms of our accomplishments as well as our difficult periods. And iust close with dont want to embarrass john here, because the spirit of his father and his legacy burns deeply within me and, i think all of you. I speak of the late john franklin. And john served as the National Park system advisor during my tenure as director following leas and prayers and begging on my knees. And they produced a report and if you were to read this, and i think it might be online, that would give a response to the challenges. And last year, dr. Franklin was one of the keynote speakers on the conference in the year 2000 in st. Louis. And i keep a copy of his speech with me. It is just four pages. More wisdom than maybe many libraries have. And john made this comment in some of the difficult periods in our history that represents add chapters gettysburg, selma to montgomery, port chicago, the battle of little big horn, the sandy creek massacre, it is said that those places that represent difficult periods in our history where we have stumbled on the way to a more Perfect Union are not the places in which we should allow ourselves to wallow in remorse, but rather be moved to a higher resolve to become better citizens. That is the bottom line as to why we have National Parks, hopefully to stimulate us to become better citizens. As i continue to learn the history of the smithsonian, i learned the Anacostia Museum was created in partnership with the National Park service on park service land. Mr. Stanton what is the name of the park where it is located . Fort stanton. Mr. Stanton thats a beautiful name, isnt it . [laughter] mr. Franklin i walked right into that. [laughter] mr. Franklin fort stanton. Is the location of the Anacostia Museum and the secretary of the smithsonian at that time, in response to the king assassination and washington going up in flames decided to create a museum in the neighborhood. And that is why it is called the anacostia neighborhood museum. So when i joined the institution in 1987, the park service and anacostia were in the process of planning their first urban nature trail and i thought, what a wonderful opportunity to teach young people about nature in the city. What is poisonous . How can you tell which way is north . So they created an underground railroad trail in the park in the city so that people could learn about nature. Got too urban it sometimes. [laughter] mr. Franklin but that was part of the experience as well. So, that was a wonderful way of showing young people in an urban setting what nature is and how it is linked to history. So i think we can do more of that in an urban setting. Ladies and gentlemen, John W Franklin and bob stanton. [applause] thank you, alan. You are watching american 48 hours on American History programming every weekend on cspan3. Follow us on twitter to keep up with the latest history news. Each week, American History tvs real america brings archival films that provide context for Public Affairs issues. [explosions] in 1979, the soviet union determined that afghanistan would be a communist nation forever. The people said no, we will be free. They then picked up their weapons and fought for their freedom the only way they knew how. From the protection of their mountains. And continue their traditional way of life. Forced to flee the bombs and tanks and took refuge. War, overecades of 1000 villages and towns have been destroyed by tanks and bombs. 5 million afghans or one third of the population have fled their homes as refugees. In the caps of refuge, the people survived and found a fragile security for their families. Camps thatere in the one generation has matured and another generation begun. In refuge is afghanistans future. In refuge is afghanistans new generation. The refugee cap and pakistan is now the temporary home of almost 60,000 refugees. This doctor and nurse provide medical care for the new generation in the cap. They must provide primary health care for more than 150 patients each day. According to our program, we have special cards here. So when we spot a malnourished child or someone is brought to the clinic, we will weigh them first. Then we will take their medical history to find the reason for the malnutrition. Registered as a malnutrition child. Raisins, vitamin a and d tablets. Andmin d be multivitamins are given to the weak children. We give them whatever is available in the clinic. Here there are epidemics. The caps are occupied caps areoccupied camps occupied and different types of sicknesses are spread to each other. With 4 million refugees living in pakistan, the cities have swollen with people. Services,lth sanitation, electricity and other Public Services have been. Xtended to their limits there are hundreds of thousands of powerful stories in afghanistan. Stories of bombings, raisins and isons andand pr torture, and families lost of hunger and malnutrition, of disease, of war, and of a generation of sacrifice. And there is the beginning of new life, and another new generation. Interested in American History tv . Visit our website, cspan. Org history to see our schedule or watch a recent program. Road to the white house rewind and more at cspan. Org history. Tv,ext on American History the author of the earth is he talks about what he argues are three big myths of the wars that have been perpetuated in popular culture. The Buffalo Bills center of the west posted this hourlong program. This is a remarkable opportunity for us at the center of the west because what we know, or what we think we know about the indian wars of the American West is mostly wrong. For more than a century, movies and novels, comic books and serious
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