Of abraham lincoln, established the emancipation proclamation, and also the birthday of web 23ois, april 23 february in massachusetts. My wife was pregnant with our second child, and she went into labor february 22. So i said dear, if you have this child tonight, he will be born on toward washingtons birthday. If you hold out a couple of hours, you will have dubois baby. You can imagine what she would say to your husband 10 or 15 years down the road. She called me, but he was born on february 23, so you have a dubois baby. There is no person exhibit five the struggle struggle of freedom that exemplifies the struggle of freedom more than web dubois. He became famous for the many rights. Lets look at his life and his sayings. His early years, born in great barrington, massachusetts. He was born there, he is born to a mother and father. His father alfred left the family not long after he was born. Alexander was of haitian background, he spent some time in domingo and ran a story and great barrington. His grandfather had some going back to hasty haiti, we just dont know. Some mixture, german somewhere along the line. When i asked him what was his makeup, you said, i am a little german, little french, little haitian, a little dutch, but thank god no anglosaxon. What do we mean by that . Anglosaxon were the original people that traded in slaves. We can see a bit of his early life, the early life and the early years of dubois then. Published a, he work in england. People wouldook take a door to door. As a young boy, he read this i were six times. It was like in a cyclopean chronicle. He went from page to page reading the history of the world, history of the ancient world. And it stayed with them. And great barrington, there were no other blacks. Maybe one or two other families. So very early he became attuned to the study of books. He did not want to let his mother down. She wanted to educate herself her son. In a school with many white people, he excelled more than others. And you know how it is with children. People accept each other. Races and cultures that really matter that much. It is how much you can play the game, how you can do the jump rope, how you can bring your mother cookies to school. So he never had a racist incident until he goes to school , and kids are passing out cards , like greeting cards. And this one girl would not exchange, except his card. Then he saw a racist tension. If you are africanamerican or spanish or some other ethnic minority who has come into this press, you most likely remember you had a racist incident. I remember the first time i did. My father and i were working, someone was driving in a pickup truck, and he said i smell a guard. Guard . What kind of people always going away from you, never coming toward you. So he early recognize that. It is good to recognize this early. O he excelled in school his mother told the story that he wanted german textbooks. He did not have the money to buy them. He would work in the morning in stores and things like that. , he wasnd lucas somewhat mentally challenged would be the word, best word. He had difficulty in learning, but they became best friends. His friends mother bought him a set of books. In this case, she did it for her son. He learned early on in german, people in town saw how talented this young man was, so they wanted to make sure he went to college. He was from great barrington, so he would want to go to harvey harvard. They took up money. People took up stories raise money for him to go, but not to harvard. They could accept him as a smart black man, but not to a premier institution. So he went to Fisk University in tennessee, and he excelled. He had never been down south in his early years. It became very important to him. He left and went to Fisk University. , theis Livingston Hall main hall on the campus. Even when i went there, many, young man later, a can walk out, they can never go into the dome because it was all girls. Fisk became famous for the jubilee singers. The group opened in 1966. , thes we talked before office, the modern version of the negro spiritual. And the choir traveled across the world and saying many songs. Sang many songs. We will come back to that in a moment. But at fisk, he learned something he had not seen before. He went down south, and even to other parts of tennessee, and there for the first time he saw. Overty poverty of his people blacks they could not read and write. People Walking Around barefoot. Hes a people that had to wash their clothes outside with the boards. Hes of your experience of people, none who have ever gone to school, and as we told black folks to read about a young folk named joe and others. In fisk, he excelled. He finished in a fouryear course in two years. Then he applied to harvard and was accepted, where he was encouraged in rigorous study here. He study with the great philosophers of American History. One of the great historians of america, when the first great ones of the 19th century in harvard, he taught dubois the importance of learning facts and writing well. James, he wrote in hishe won a prize senior year. He wrote it about Jefferson Davis and the rise of slavery. Tom there, he applied graduate school, but first he wanted to go to germany. He wanted to go to germany for several reasons are you first , onese of another school could learn empirical knowledge. Movieybody seen the kodiak . He said, show me a fax, and i will interpret it myself. The quakers says, i dont need the word of the preachers. I will find out for myself. Dubois was very much this. He wanted to be a doctor in germany. At homburg university. But his german peers resented him because he was smarter than them. They protested, and he did not get a doctorate there. At the same time when he was in germany, he had different feelings. He saw the racism of his fellow students, but in germany, he sees something different. He does not experience that racism. He talked about the dualism of things. In germany, of course, it was economics at homburg university. And trading economy is the betterment of ideas based on the attitude of people. And karl marx later on in this period of economic structures to understand the modern world using theories and the dialectical. Weve talked about before. In the context of race and pan german is him, he saw the race as a positive force in history. A negative. Was not he wanted to explore that. He came back to look at that. After he left germany, he went back to harvard and completed his doctoral studies. In his last years as he is writing, he takes a job at another university. Job in otherget a places. They taught classics and modern language. I mean greek and latin. He also taught silence science and biology. He was a young man in town, and of course he was wearing the top hat as a german wood, threepiece suits all the time, spats on his shoes. He is invited to dinners almost every night, and he is a young man. So he is thinking maybe about marriage or his future. So he sees these young ladies, everyone inviting him to dinner, so he made two lists. On one list was the young women who could speak french, whatever, could cook, serve tea instead of [indiscernible] and on another list, those who had children. So he had one woman on both. , butwill sound a bit silly on the list, this is the woman with the name of [indiscernible] her and he married later had children. In the process of doing this, he finished the doctoral thesis at harvard. This is a classic. What this study did more than any other, andybody developed a list documentation about the way the slave trade worked in each and every state and where slavery comes from in other regions, the first time it had ever been done. It shows imperial knowledge and going back to the colonial constitution. Knowledge. L in American History, there are many schools of this. To nasher school only took preserve americas history. Was to reflectal that deal of british imperialism , and later on the Progressive School which sought to include africans in the equation. So he wrote this book. They came out in the harvard series. It became a classic in its own 1683 17 trade, the slavery in the 1908. America continues to the civil war. Wilberforce how he finishes the study. And becomes dr. Dubois. He applies for other jobs. Wilberforce will not let him go. But he liked concerts and museums. He applied for jobs, and lo and behold, he got a job in philadelphia. In philadelphia got a job working on a study of the city. What it was to do was to study the place of africans in the africanamericans in that city to look at the economic aboutions and get an idea them. It begin the first empirical social work of its time. It is the spirit of what we call urban sociology. Ward,d i word ward by you have heard of in new orleans where the ward, the lower ninth. He went to the eighth ward and spent hours and hours. Here is a man a chance to all the greek languages and empirical learning, and he goes door to door should be for people doing it, but they only have one. So he went map to map interviewing people, and it set the stage for what we see now with modern interviews, as you know, when people want to see the type of people who are going to vote, they do it. Now they can say workingclass whites are voting for donald trump. South,americans in the they can look at the numbers and say many will go for mrs. Clinton. They can go for two vermont and other places go to vermont and other places. Dubois was the first to do this ward by ward. There was a book called the philadelphia negro. The base great tributes to people before. He educates the blacks in philadelphia. Modernn became the founder of the antislavery movement. But do boy dubois found the first school, Continuous School for blacks in philadelphia. The african free school. And the other books, slave asian , suppression of slave trade revolution was put forth to call for an end for slavery in america. So here the greatest appreciation for that. He had the greatest appreciation for that. Next year, he got work in atlanta, georgia. He was in sociology and empirical studies. He taught greek and latin. Namee taught under the burkart. That was his mothers name. Anybody watch the Eddie Griffith show . Andy griffith show . Gomer pyle had that name. In this case, it was a northern name. ,ou can see the kind of dress looks like a young girls dress. That is the way of the victorianstyle. Dubois is a rematch of victorian. He child is six sick note atlanta dr. Will help him. It had been common up until the late 60s in some places. Late 1860s in some places. His son died of disease which could he have easily been cured of. Is written onrks the passing of the firstborn. In his book the black folks. We will come to that. He noticed other things, other tragedies occur. One of the tragedies i mentioned , he is walking somewhere, and theasses the place, and klan is on display. He comes apart he comes upon a jar. Instead of pickles, it is the eyes of a human being. I actually have seen mens body parts put in pickle jars outside n buildings. Kla it was a token of your oppression, the fear we have taken about. And he sees that. He starts documenting certain incidences. He was born in 1868. 291 blacks are lynched the year he is in atlanta in the 1900s. You can do the numbers lynched. We are talking about lynching before. Researchued scientific , he gets a post at work to begin a study of the american negro, as you said. He did it with murray, an printer from a prestigious family, who is at the library of congress. Hes on putting together exhibits of the achievements of africanamericans. And manygraphs has hes of scientific is at the paris exposition, he wears the clothes he has worn in germany, top hat, threepiece vest, pocket watch, very much of victorian. As he is there, he uses series ,o consternation and chastise which we have spoken about. We have spoken of the cotton states exhibit a few years before, which was a famous saying, cast on your vote where you are, cast down your bucket. Put up your hands and operate in two ways in all things economic. They can be as one, but in all things social, they will be the five fingers. We know there is nothing like separate but equal. But he was not john jennings, and we will speak a bit about his book on the paris exhibit. In 1903, he publishes his magisterial work called the negro bible. Deskcomes the permanent preeminent voice. He writes for dial magazine and atlanta monthly. Any look in the book and you look in the book, you see something unique. He sees a negro spirit, and then you will have a problem on the , something of dubois in his own words, very much like this. You see the poet on one side. Kingoet was one that dr. Always read. This was by James Russell lowell , the great poet. Wrongst famous lines are doing on the throne, but the scaffold is behind them unknown. Keeping watch above his own. And of course, king used to that. Devil on the throne. What does that mean . True devil and a scaffold . What is a scaffold, just off your head . If you are an artist, you know what a scaffold is. The framework. It is something you stand on. It is something i used to work on on ships. I would go out in the ocean, and there was a scaffold. It is cheaper to work on an ocean ship. A ship out in the ocean. Men and women go up on a scaffold, and you want to paint, they dont do it now, but if they were painting a building and is made of hard plaster, men would go on a scaffold and paint. If you want anyone watching would paint the sistine temple, they have to go up and lay on their backs. Michelangelo lay on his back for a long time. So what is he saying . True devil and a scaffold represents who . Who did the scaffold represent . Every working man and woman. The throne represents what . Up with your hands. The high and the mighty, the king, the ones whose works you must always solve. But the truth will last forever, and our lives will standalone. These famous words. So you think about the social black folks, the dual this of people. Dualness of it became known as the nigra negro bible. It was deeply spiritual, and that played credit with some of the negro spirituals before you. And you can see the names of some of those if you look on the side, on the side there. Nobody knows the trouble i have seen, nobody knows the trouble i have seen. Anybody know the words. Nice song. Nobody knows but jesus. It was nobody knows like jesus. There is a difference between like and but jesus. Jesus, thatlike means somebody else does know the troubles. If you say nobody else but jesus, only jesus knows. If you say like jesus, you are saying other people can join you in the struggle, you have not given up. If you say but jesus, you only look for salvation of freedom in heaven. So steal away, steal away, steal away home. Steal away, jesus means what . To have an. But steal away home means to freedom. ,nd swing low sweet chariot carry me home, swing low sweet chariot. If you get there before i do, cap tell all the children i am coming too. It means if you get to heaven before me, you tell them what . But if you get freedom, it means i am coming after you. Use this beautiful turns. He wrote about the meaning of the spirituals. He called them sorrow songs. But he called them sorrow songs because they tell of death, suffering, and longing for the true word, mystic wanderings and hidden ways. Sorrow songs. F Frederick Douglass spoke differently. Areaid often, a people who oppressed, they sometimes think about i am happiest when i sing, but i can be sad when i sing. You look at the different songs. Blues, dot sing the they sing the blues when they are happy or sad . You usually sing the blues when you are sad. Ray charles, i got a woman right across town, she good to me, she give me loving and money too, nothing she wouldnt do. Is he sad . He will only do it one time, and that is when his wife catches him. He has the blues. Sometimes you listen to countrywestern music, which i do on sunday morning because it is good. Nothing but the white mans blues, different forms. On so in his book, he takes booker t. Washington. Booker t. Washington of course is the leader of africanamericans at the time. Dubois says this. Most recognizable thing is the intensity of mr. Booker t. Washington. Astonishing doubt and hesitation over to his son. Then the man began, and his career of booker t. Washington. With a single definite program with a little ashamed, summer sentiment on the negro. He concentrated his energy elsewhere. He spoke of Industrial Education in the south and the submission of silence of rights. Of so he challenged that booker t. Washington, to accept things as they are, go slow, face Industrial Education. The best way to establish a difference between booker t. Was theon and w e b height of the black movement. The same to me with booker t said we opted to the curtain on his land. Why stick your nose inside a book . And so, what is he saying there . It is a struggle between Industrial Education and toanced education, the right knowledge. And dubois and booker t took on this. It is interesting about booker t because even though he did not m, andwith dubois progra during the early 1900s when booker t was looking for a job and he wanted to come and become assistant principal of the Public Schools in washington dc of the negro schools, and booker t. Washington undermined the effort. But when he was at wilberforce years before and applied for a job, come to find out one of his classmates, margaret, who had been at fisk, was booker t. Washington second wife. The first wife had died. Booker t. Washington offered him a job. This was before dubois openly disagree with his policy. Disagreed with this policy. So there is something called the niagara movement. That was the forerunner of the naacp. They met in niagara falls. They were joined by other great leaders, ida b wells would become the great writer against this in the south. To refute thed idea of booker t. Washington as submissive. It was time for blacks to fight. Dubois did three things for ,ducation, the right to vote and the right for participation in the american political system. All of these people came and met in niagara at the Canadian Border and founded an Organization Called the niagara movement. You can see the date, 1905 to 1909. A meeting at had huckleberry. That represents what . It is a place where john brown had his rate. Raid. They are black and white because whiteople found very leather vests, and many philanthropists, and many black leaders. , thefind the magazine crisis. And there, do boy is there. Dubois is there. On they find the naacp 100th anniversary of lincolns birthday. You can see the legal struggles of the grant versus u. S. Case. Clause was afather notion that if your grandfather did not vote, could not vote. So the rights of africanamericans all over. The magazine is called the crisis. A magazine there. The crisis magazine starts with many different issues on many different topics. Next year, he publishes his seminal book john brown. He said it was his favorite. He wanted wrote it from head. No documents. The naacp found at hobbles. Huckleberry. He said i have lived the life of a slave that, he died in slavery. Who was the better man . Fort douglass four douglass, it was john brown. Many things have been written about this man, john brown. Next year, he Goes International , he finds the pan african movement. This is a movement to bring people fromns and africa, the caribbean, blacks in latin america and the United States together for a conference to speak about the oppression of black people. He wrote a plea to the nations of the world signed by all of these leaders. , toevelop policies decolonize the african countries, bringing quality to blacks. Stop the lynching, start the terrorism stop the terrorism and the colonization of haiti and ghana and other places. By 1919, he cannot call for an african congress. It was called in manchester england. Y have the first in africa in america in new york. Washington would not allow other delegates to be there. We did not want delegates to come in. By 1919, many africans fought in world war i with the french forces, senegalese and other forces. Europeanght with forces, they come back to america, they got great dignity in france. In america, it was the same as before. This is the first gathering of people of color period. During the same time, where one started, dubois for the first felt this really. He thought for americans to close ranks. What he said is not the time for civic education. It is time to fight against the german forces. And blacks criticized him. They said, put down all our struggles so we can close ranks for an army and the people that do not accept us at home . They created a great debate amongst the soldiers then, and he had his ideas you see in the crisis. We make no ordinary sacrifice, but we make it widely and willingly with eyes lifted to the hills. Ofs is the great founders modern jazz. This was out of harlem. The 72nd came out of washington dc. I told you the story they go to france, they are playing with jazz. Is,le look up and say, what the french are looking bewildered. Appliedy see that, they , and the french have never stopped liking jazz. Stopped liking they never stopped liking france. And dubois writes in the. Riticism and changes his tune he writes later on people come back from the war, we returned fighting, we returned to fight. We should be victorious. He asks for americans to join together in 1919, which i spoke to you before many soldiers who fought in the war come home, including washington dc, and are lynched. And the rise of another popular figure comes, that is Marcus Mosiah garvey, born in queen and, jamaica. Eloquent speaker, very loquacious. There is a base many times more than dubois and others. He talks about black people as African People who never got the right. Walks around in military uniform. The women dressed in white and a great, wonderful organization based on one notion. That is the back to Africa Movement assuming people will be able to go there. Where in africa . We dont know, we dont know where you are from. Years,infrey, for thought she was the zulu because she wedded to be like mandela. She took a test and found out she was something from west africa. What she finds is she is 100 black. No white blood, no mix and her family. Opera one oprah winfrey. Pure black, a billionaire, you could not be better than that amount. Really suspicious. He walked into the naacp office and looked and sees everyone light, right, and almost white. So dubois is criticizing him because he wanted to go back to africa, and they are chastising and criticizing dubois too. We deal with the great over political philosophy things like this. A couple years later, dubois tries to perform the black star line, a ship line that will take africans back to some ports in africa. It fails, the ship cannot get out of port. Takes a lot of money running a ship with repairs. It would not get out of the water. During this time, dubois is comfortably disillusioned with american society. The more radical answer should be better. He is a contradiction with the naacp. During the scottsboro case when nine african men are pulled off a train accused the right raping a white woman, the naacp takes action because they are very of taking on any case. They think they cant win, and they think the people make them feel guilty. They find out the black boys were absolutely not guilty of something they were not involved in. They become disillusioned with the role of the naacp. The move steadily to the left. Was in germany, he started reading some of these works, the bible, of course. Particular, for a reason. Darwin, thank you. Preface tolly the the condition on political economy. There, he writes about the critique of political economy. Tyhhetes the just is gist is, people cannot judge itself by a particular era. Consciousness determines the man reading. It is not you that determine the external conditions that form who you are. The conditions of life that form your consciousness about things. One does not have to be a working man to understand the plight of working people. But for working people that do understand the plight of little better. So he had philosophical understanding to look at parts of the world. He looked at the critique to write one of the great books of american policy history. But he basically said in this book, he treated the black who were workers exploited. The book them in 1935, reviewed in almost every publication of the country from Atlantic Monthly to the black press. But it is panned by the naacp and also panned by the mainstream white press. A couple of years later, the great columbia historian who wrote a revisionist history of black reconstruction, gave great praise to this original work because he was chanting the Dunning School and others. It led to the rate of whites by blacks. It led to the south, even though if you look at directors, there were few examples of africanamerican women men raping. Hisubois is going back to scholarship. He has a role, he is back and forth with the in the late cp with the naacp. Nothing happens until 1937 with the southern Youth Conference. Godmother. Now 98, my you saw these other names. Young people in the south, arlington,son from louis burling from dion a guyanna. All these northerners move down south to fight for democracy. Two people are there. With rosa parks another time. It becomes very active in the south. Here again is some of the pieces of the founders. The southern negro Youth Conference is the predecessor to organizations like the stealing nonviolent alternating committee. It is based on the principles of revolutionary democracy. Dubois continues to fight and be active and plays a major role as finding that your donations in san francisco. He is there because he wants to bring together a fight to discuss the plight of the african nations, the african congresses. He goes in conflict with mrs. Roosevelt. Of the the grand dame american political society. She would go and work with blacks in the south. She fought for the rights of blacks in washington dc when merit anderson cannot perform at the constitutional whole, mrs. Roosevelt is there. When she goes to meetings with blacks in the white blacks in the front, she takes a chair and six in the middle. She becomes one of the great leaders and fights for the diane lynching bill. Her husband would not sign this because if he signed it, he thought he would lose votes from the south, and he is going to georgia every year because of his condition of his legs. He goes to hot springs. But his wife fights. Pace of disagree on the dubois, and mrs. Roosevelt disagrees on the pace of this. So in 1947, he has this appeal to the world, mainly an appeal to help the colored people of the world. The next year, he becomes involved in a campaign, i guess would be similar to Bernie Sanders campaign. The man is wallace and paul robison. He was the Vice President under roosevelt, but he was dumped in favor of harry truman who later becomes president. They have a workers party. In the progressive act and entertainment. Some are with mr. Sanders, summer with mr. Bush. When dubois was in germany, it became in the last century, he sees the movement of the germans , the social democrats. As the Progressive Party forms, americans and russians have been allies during the party the time, but now they are bitter. The Progressive Party starts bringing out ideas of corporate control and the right of African Americans to vote and women and activists. Ubois and others he also becomes involved in issues around africa. He founded something called the council of african affairs. Transafrica,mber the struggle against apartheid. Mickelson. D by dr. He was the provost at Iowa University and gave up his position of provost to work for these causes. The fbi found out i did every thing it could for him never to [indiscernible] risk paul robison was did announce for what was announced for communism. Wife dorothyhis and paul robison and dr. Dubois are there. As he becomes active on this thing, the cold war is having a tremendous effect. At the same time, there is a movement to end the conversation , colonization of vietnam, cambodia, jamaica and throughout europe and haiti and the west. And the organizers have a peace form the paris conference, the paris peace accords. And then, he was a victor with the famous new york city thisilman and had information center. Was theretesting, he a close to the white house. He is captivating because he is accused of being a foreign agent. He is no foreign agent. They demand he sign an oath that he is not a foreign agent. He refused and he is handcuffed when he is indicted in union square in new york. He says i am 83 and have been treated as nothing but a and you know the words. Proud with his, shoes and his home bear. Holmberg hat. So he plays another role in founding this magazine, one of the greatest of the 20th century. A part of it and others became the principal in organizing this. And you want dubois died some time ago. See new magazine, you can all the pictures people writing of ghana. Claude. D be john james baldwin, you know, and the great artist. A printmaking artists who is from washington dc. Gregory dunbar. Jesse jackson. They are all there at howell university. Husband [indiscernible] launches people like alice walker and others. And Harry Belafonte and and others. This becomes the key, freedom magazine, in the country. But he is getting old, he is disillusioned, and there is my godmother estelle. He is in their house. Everywhere dubois went, there was a circle. Was tempora had a black population that needed freedom. With 9loped this notion million africanamericans at the beginning of the century. Now there are less than 20,000. Ith freedom there were 700 lawyers by 2015. Educators,7000 black 17,000 preachers. Preachers, dubois one said they were the most unique. Part intellectual, part preacher, he was all things. Africanamericans , the preacher is unique and spellbound individual. He had this notion of leading the race. He did not. Disillusioned. 1961, he decides to join the common party, write a letter to web dubois. He left early and went to ghana. He went to ghana to complete. Cumin is with common he founded the Convention Party in ghana and that the party to independence country to independence. Complete thishelp book, the in cycle pdf africa encyclopedia africana. Suits. Ome of those he is married there. Egyptian wife. His 95th birthday. They had the wedding there. And so he goes to complete this toyclopedia africana, complete information about people of african descent. A few years ago, it was finally reprinted and completed at harvard by a student. And then many people came complete the work. Donna gives him citizenship. He announces his own u. S. Citizenship. In america, the watch home march for washington is being formed. Walter griffin was a great man. He could not tolerate duboiss radicalism, and he asked him prematurely to take a volunteer retirement. Dubois did. All trained in europe. He is not a mild man. He did not like any a Compass Minerals in the south. He announced the death of w ibo dubois web dubois. He announces his death. Duboiss dr. King on birthday, the 100th anniversary, held again by Jesse Jackson and freedomn honor of the march he is fundraising. He says he was in the first place a teacher. He would teach us something about our past, our emancipation. Dr. Dubois confronted the power structure. He did not apologize are being black. Because of this, he was never handicapped. This was the life of to be a be dubois, perhaps the greatest intellectual. , perhaps the greatest intellectual. [applause] i dont know how much time we have left, but lets have a little session of dr. E b du bois the next 15 minutes. You will have a sheet i give you with quotes. I found them quite fascinating. Stateere to ask you what this man, when he became what he was, what would you tell me . Like, because he was educated, especially at a young , havee was able to light a life that was expressed through others his entire life. That was the key to success in both his life and the advancement of black people in america for like, the future generations. Maurice jackson it is not enough just to be black or be oppressed, if you are jewish and oppressed, if you are mongolian and oppressed. It is not enough to feel oppression. You must find a way to fight oppression, so it is not enough to say i have been destroyed. You find ways. Knowledge is not just being the property of white. It is knowledge to advance the race. That is why of course the difference with dubois versus booker t. Washington, he said education is the way. And for you not taking advantage of the great stuff you have, you are here for a reason. Paying all this money, no matter what it is, to learn and explore. To just leave the campus and go out to the city and learn more about it just for a reason, because each of us has a role in society one way or another. O that was dubois education. Anyone else i mean, i am sorry. Learn better from what you teach, and he kind of practices what he preaches. Maurice jackson say it again. Children learn more from what you are then what you teach. It is important to know what he really practices what he preaches. Maurice jackson i have two children. I was not always a teacher. I was working man was of the time. I drove to the school. I got them into some of these, one of these fancy schools up the street you the cathedral. One of my friends said, maurice, you cannot send your kids there. They may learn, but they would understand about being black. So i laughed at him and said, miles, he will know. He learned about me being. Black is something all in itself, but you learn from dignity. They learn from the company that comes in. They learn from the affection we give them. The also learn from the demonstrations we go to, the marches. They learn by how one how hard their mother works. Having to go to school and sacrifice. They learn from all those things. It is not who you are. As you walk around the campus with your head held high, that sets an example. Something else on dubois, what else is amazing . I would add that what made him was not only studying all the time, but also going down and writing this stuff about the negro, when he actually went down and saw the condition people were living in. It, in thei remember backdrop of ferguson, people thought it was separate but equal. Clearly, when he went down there, it was not. Maurice jackson it is the aftermath of some years after plessy versus ferguson. It was the birthplace of american democracy, to see the conditions of african americas. Americans. Remember here, dubois is doing the hard, nittygritty work, asking questions, surveying. Another question we will look at struggles ofr, the a person in one neighborhood. That the boy went to dubois went to. Find about why so many africanamericans were forced out. The problem is, the City Government and the people that keep the statistics have no systematic way of keeping it. It is a most like they did not care. So many africanamericans being forced out and cities changed so much. People deprived of justification get in some ways are happy with it, because it creates a neighborhood where there are more familiar faces, but what about people who are been forced out . Dubois was the first to look at that. Education, economics. People talk about poverty. We have poverty in washington dc. You have a kid who is 13, or we will say six or seven and your she is behind because they could not go to preschool. Why dont they have these opportunities . Maybe they are sick, maybe their mother is 20. Maybe their mother had a child very young. They did not take the opportunity. And i walk into the corner store where i talked to mow, and no is from ginny. We talk about and moe is from guinea. Young kids come into the store. They come in to get candy when they should be in preschool, but they are not. So if that person is six, the mother is what, maybe 20, 22. The grandfather is maybe 42, grandfather 62. Greatgrandfather 62. Maybe they did not have opportunities. 67 africanamerican men, have never been in high school all time. Full time. So dubois is doing this study. We did not learn as much about the study because we are not engaged in the daily work to understand it is not enough to say what social problems are, one must try to solve them. Du bois also founded these organizations. What does that say about him . Editing with a good speaker and they said that he cannot organize himself out of a bag, but you do not have to did all he had to do have to. Ali had to do was speak up. And du bois was an organizer. It was not writing the leaflets. To organize today is quite simple. Or Something Like that and people come out. This was a different david one had to do different day. Themad to do leaflets, get to print, they go out. It is not as easy. You have to get up and go to these other countries. So he has this unique ability to organize in a different way. A true intellect. And of course as you look at his work, du bois is one of the earlier writers for africanamerican women. He wrote books about them and many others. And why, i suppose he wrote about it because he was raised by a single mother. And all the hard work she did. So he does making a list. Daughter,d he has a son. Sun and even when he marries again, he has an appreciation for that. One more question, why do you saw thebois many need to leave america . Has fought, participated, he has written books, goes down south to stop linking stop l ynchings. But then he feels it is necessary to leave. Nobody should feel that way. What is happening during that time, the early 1960s . [indiscernible] and on the other side . The civil rights movement. Ofyes, the great period oppression, the mccarthy period. Right after woodward to has ended ww ii has ended. Robisons passport is taken. My grandfather was put into a deal jail. You do not see his wife for years. He had to go live somewhere in idaho because the fbi is chasing him and he is accused of being a communist said a great time communist. A great time of political oppression. And you have the bay of pigs. Race, theate thousands of blacks whose passports are taken into many are denied of jobs. Are you now, or have you ever been for example, many great writers lose jobs in hollywood. And it is a great time of political oppression. In fact, enough credit is not given to Martin Luther king, because during his fighting and bringing people like bob dylan and the gregory and everyone, and many leaders across the board, it is the end of the cold war. But he had to leave because of that. And then du bois goes to africa, but he goes on the mission he always wanted, to write this book. This encyclopedia. So we will end with that. Think about what you are going to write your next papers on. And always when he writes my write,are better w hope they are better than the first one. And i will give you back your papers and we will discuss them. [applause] thank you. Join us every saturday evening at 8 00 p. M. And midnight as a joint students and in College Classrooms to hear lectures on topics ranging from the American Revolution to 9 11. They are also available as podcasts. Visit our website, or download them from itunes. Next on American History tv, author anthony pitch discusses his book, the last lynching how a gruesome mass murder rocked a small georgia town. He talks about the mass lynching of africanamericans in georgia. The fbi investigated and the case went to a grant jury, but nobody was convicted. The National Archives posted this hourlong event. In the last lynching anthony pitch makes use of documents from the National Archives, to reconstruct the events that led to the 1946 murders of four africanamericans, and the push for antilynching laws. Book forraised the containing Amazing Research on the barbarity of the jim crow south and vigilante justice. And a cnn analyst said, it
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