Is on cspan3 every weekend. Here is a clip from a recent program. Agent maccarthy, you are modest when i asked you about beingshot and possibly run over by the president s limousine, but you went to the hospital. Did you ever get a chance to talk president reagan about that . A little bit lighter than what we had to discuss come and if you have questions, please come up and i will call on you. I was in the hospital for about 10 days. I did not have a meeting with the president or anything like that. He was injured more seriously and was there longer, but on the last day i was in my hospital, my wife and two of my children came up to get me. My daughter brought her nursing kit to make sure everything was son jeff was my acting like a doctor, so they came to get me and i had a message before i leave to come down and see the president. It sounded like in order to me. Down. Mptly went you werent wearing one of those horrible hospital gowns . I wasnt, but he was, and mrs. Reagan was there. We were having a very nice conversation. There was about four inches of armored glass on his window. We had a great conversation. The president was hooked up to many of the machines that i had and hooked up to, the tubes so forth of flash red and green and attract children. They were attracting my two children. My wife was more nervous than i was, a little worried my kids might finish the job. O we were nervous the president of the United States did not know joe mccarthy, but we had a wonderful conversation. Doorre just about out the and it was time to go and we were just about out the door, ready to head for home, which we were anxious to get to, and he stopped and said, wait a minute, jim, it was maccarthy, reagan, delehanty, brady, what the hell did this guy have against the irish . [laughter] you can watch this and other programs on our website, cspan. Org history. Announcer sunday night on , Elisabeth Rosenthal examines the business side of health care in her book, and american sickness, how health care became big business and how you can take it back. By rosenthal is interviewed dr. David blumenthal, president of the commonwealth fund. I was wondering if your book a few any thoughts about whether health care is a free market, whether we can solve our problems with health care through free Market Forces . I think what we have seen is the answer is probably is not. , ithe beginning of the book put a tongueincheek list of the economic rules of the dysfunctional healthcare market, where if you think of health care as a purely business proposition that the market will solve, you get too crazy places a lifetime of treatment is preferable to a cure. I am not saying for a second that anyone really thinks that, but that is where Market Forces put you right now. April 2016,n archaeologists announced the structure long thought to be James Monroes home was his guest house. Next on American History tv, executive director sara bonharper talks about these recent findings at highland, the site of the fifth president s home. The house was destroyed by fire in the mid19th century, and over time James Monroes guesthouse was mislabeled as a wing of the original home. The Mosby Heritage Area Association hosted this event in virginia, part of a symposium entitled, james monroe, president ial inauguration, bicentennial commemoration and reflection. We are afternoon privileged and honored to have with us sara bonharper, who is the executive director of james highland, and she has been the executive director there since 2012. The college of william and mary has moved into their backyard because highland is a department of the college of women married. College of william and mary. , she worked as Archaeological Research manager at monticello down the road from 19992012, so she has been on that road for a long time. When i was in law school, i lived on brown mountain, so i know the area very well. She earned her ba magna cum laude from the university of arizona, then headed east and did her phd at the university of North Carolina chapel hill, and she has also taught at chapel hill and the you are in a sea of virginia, so we are delighted this afternoon to have sara bonharper, executive director of highland. [applause] sara bonharper what a warm welcome. Thank you. It is a pleasure to be with the group that no so much about monroe. Glad tod to be here and be finding out there is always something new in history, and that is what we will talk about today. Everybody hold your breath. Thes monroes highland is current name for the property. About a year ago, we reclaimed that historic name for the site. James monroe after dithering for would nameecided he his property highland, and that is what he called it. Lawn, ashlawn was a later name for the property, a 19thcentury name, and my predecessor as executive director there had the foresight to put the highland back in, so wn highland name existed for a while, and we came out on the other side of that and in april last year reclaimed the historic name. That is a signal of our clear focus on the row and his legacy and the messages we can share about that, so are sure you a little bit of the history there going through private ownership, and coming out today as James Monroes highland. Architectures there and in fact his legacy has been a little obscure it on the site based on the presence of a larger later house. Built byn 1870s house massie family, the reverend John E Massey was there for , and this time victorianstyle house was what people pictured for quite some time. It never really had been confused with monroes house, dont believe that come up but it did its cure the old house for some time. The monroe part of the house was much smaller. You have two p the edge to peernter it, so tp [ around the edge to encounter it. We had long understood that building was just a part of the original main house. As insurance documents assure you hear from 1800, 1809 and 1816, the drawings here, then transcribed here, show two wings, two rectangles together, are the two portions, and we get some good description, and it was clear that the whole house was not preserved, and what you ashlawnat ashlawn or highland was not the whole story. Were inwhere we understanding, and i will acknowledge here as you are puzzling about how this makes sense, there is a discrepancy, whether the smaller wing here is. N the right or the left this is of is seen not just a clear mixup of north and south. In fact, this is the only one that gives you north and the south on the larger document. It really is, they have them on different size, so there are internal inconsistency in this period of insurance documents. In these old insurance documents , one of the things i did not care about was the exact way out of the house. One of the things they did care about, these old insurance documents, they cared about the material, what was it made of . Where were you supposed to care . Because of fire. You all know that. They cared about how far it was from other buildings, right . Why do you think they cared about that . Fire, right . If one caught on fire, the other gets lost. So those of the things that matter, fire, cost of rebuilding, general size. Concerned with the discrepancy between 34 by 18 feet or 34 by 16 feet. In pacing it off, probably the guy was taller who pasted it off in 1809, right . They are referring to the same building, but that is some of the Historical Information we had, so for a good long period of time up to last year, this building here was considered the smaller of those two wings, and the interpretation you would be presented was that the other part of the house was destroyed by fire, but that this was the smaller wing of James Monroes main house, which he moved into in 1799, so last year we were able to reveal the results of our research, which we had been here where we take her president ial history very seriously, it made eight news, so i offer you a smattering of the headlines from the various news media that did independent stories on the announcement. Really the announcement was the James Monroes president ial guesthouse. In his words, a house for lodgers, ok . And, that the main house was actually a beautifully preserved set of archaeological remains in the front yard of that victorianstyle, 1870s house. That was our announcement on april 28 last year. Ok, so this changes things quite a bit. It is a fabulous opportunity from my Vantage Point of not just read interpreting the site, but also reinterpreting james monroe, ok . I will say having made that bold claim that i will spend much of my time in the next little bit talking about the discovery and how we came to conclude what we concluded. I will bring you along in that story, therefore when you go forth on monday morning, people ask you what you learned of the week and, you can talk about this discovery. At the end, i will talk a little what we knew about james monroe and where this point since. Perspective,nother the archaeological site off of the main house is right in here. There is that smaller piece that we thought was that small wing, which we now understand was ands monroes guesthouse the intervening 1870s buildings that stand in the way. So how did we get from this little vernacular building being interpreted as James Monroes house to where we are today . Hows back up and talk about we thought that was the wing of the main house. From around 1930 or just before here in this picture. All right, the idea that this small house was the wing of the main house was not at all new, and i offer this 1885 newspaper clipping here, and it says the Main Building, talking about ashlawn, right . Ashlawn, the Main Building is new, the old monroe house nearly destroyed by fire, there remains a wing of the president s home, ok . So that is an old case. I can contrast that with the 1901 article of an obituary that says, the old president s house was destroyed and a new house has been built in its place. So both stories existed for some time, and there was certainly an confusion, and we dont know really which of the previous owners during this long history, what they believed and what exactly their understanding of the house was, because certainly it does have, especially in the 19th century, past through a series of ownerships, and the story gets a little muddled, so lets fastforward to the college of william and mary and jay winston john, the last private owner dies, and the college inherits the property. What do they do . Among their first moves is to conduct a tripartite set of research. The three prongs are historical documentation, where the reigning monroe biographer comes along and says, yes, monroe road from highland. Lots of letters, and in fact,was his property. We can see that in the title search. It is all good. It was his property, and he lived there. We have architectural history, a great architect did a lot of historical work around the state and in our area, looked at it and said there are no discrepancies between that set of insurance documents and any other records, and the building present today. It is all good. And the final one was Archaeological Research, and image of auzzy couple of people digging in a crawlspace of that yellow house. That is a bit more horrific than the archaeology i like to do, a spot less than three feet tall. Archaeologists, always say these are our current pollutions at these of the preliminary results, and here are the things you should do in addition, dig here, here, here, and here. Every archaeology report does that. It is never done. Andarchaeology comes in they say most that we however, and the thing i fixated on when i came on board their in 2012 was that they could not really remainsr finger on the of the other wing, ok . So this is supposed to be an attached wing, but they cannot say the wing was on the side or that side because they could not find it, and the only thing that made me go down in the same crawlspace was looking for that wall, and i did in fact go down there, and i dont have immediate plans to go again, but there were three waste holders in their that suggested this could be the remnants of my wall. I was looking with the images in the report, and when i went down there, i did not really think so. I wasnt convinced enough to say, we know where that other wing is, because if you have a twowing building, the wing does not totally disappear. It has to be somewhere. In 1976, the announcement coming yes, this was validated. Yes, it is authenticated as James Monroes home and we are good to go. We understand it is James Monroes home. That due diligence, and i do support that. Evidence to date did support that claim. In no, sometimes people say to me, well, how come they did not figure at out earlier . Story is likehis that. I think when we make a discovery it is what evidence did feature to ask a different question or look at the evidence in a different light, and that is d with this research. So, in looking at this building the evidenceng from the historical side, the architectural side, and the archaeological side, you know, there is some expression and i never quite get it right, if you are a hammer, all problems look like a nail. When you are an archaeologist, i think all problems probably require a shovel. Can you get my parallel there that i am aiming for . About three years ago now, it took us a couple of years to do this research, we , anted digging a test pit individual hole in the ground, a foot in diameter for a shovel head to fitting comfortably. Testsed up taking shovel all around the plantation. Said dig here, here, and here, they wanted us to dig here, here, here, and here, so we started with those areas, but we ended up taking all the way around, digging in a small area like this is a better way to find out the things you dont know you are looking for, right . That is not the way to discover new things, so what we found was in this area right here. I wanted to highlight it in the shape that the house site eventually ends up being so you can imagine that on the property, on the layout, and so what do we find . Digging these stps, we found a bunch of brick, some of it burned, a bunch of glass, some of the earned, and really badly by the we found nails bucketful, lots and lots of nails, mortar, wall plaster, ceramics, evidence of furnishings, i sense that building had been nearby. We also found in one of the shovel test, something that almost never happens, what turned out later to be a stone feature, and he cant really tell because it was only a foot in diameter, so we knew there was enough from the movable objects, such as the nails, glass, and bricks, and from these stones, they were pretty suggested that we should dig more, and we dug with a specific idea of saying, we know that there is a building somewhere that was destroyed that contributed to these objects. Whether the to know building stood here in this font , or whether it was pushed over from somewhere nearby, and that was really a first big question, where was this building . Was it here . And that was a yes or no question. Archaeologists are rarely so lucky. From our first season, this indicates here burned timbers. I think of them as burned floor planks. I dont have enough evidence to really say that. As an archaeologists, i would caution against making the conclusion. As storyteller in chief, right , this isre they fell awaiting further excavation, but there is more. , webase of a chimney, again are below the floor level, possibly in the part of the house that did not have a seller. We had a reference to a stone cellar and those insurance documents. Back here, and that is part of a nice, hefty chimney base below the floor level. We have the northeastern corner. Some of the stones had been robbed. This is a good corner. You have that northeastern lineer with the wall coming up that way. And we have really nicely preserved foundations just below the ground surface. They were there waiting the whole time. Probably everyone understands how unusual this is on all kinds of counts. Lets start with the most mundane. Most Historic Sites that are still occupied and used in , the remains have been dug up and put back a whole bunch of times, right . Big culprit the come of that this is really unusual. It is beautifully preserved. It iss so intact remarkable. In reallything, hashing this out and saying, when you lose a president s house and rediscover it, how does it usually happen . Deep in one of the meetings and my colleagues looked at me and said come you know, that does not really happened. So this is a fairly unusual case. Sink are letting that in for a second. How do we make sense of it . How can i say for sure this is the 1799 house, and that the standing houses and, ok. That is what you should all be saying, and you should be skeptical at this moment. At standing house, right, the same time or even just before, we set about doing some architectural history, and we had good and close collaboration , and still have come up with our friends from colonial weems berg, some of the architectural historians who deeply understand virginia architecture, and we had a stem to stern the house, point out all the features, make a full fabrics inventory and record what we knew about the house. Surprises, like prize here, circular saw marks, the the kind of sawing technology that only came into being in the part of virginia in the 1850s, ok . And this part was meant to be a fragment of that 1799 house. Someone had to point that out to me, but then after, i could see it with my own eyes that yes, indeed, those are circular saw marks, so we had to change our interpretation there have this little piece, the piece that joined this fragment with the later 1870s house, and so that monroee took offline as period rooms a couple of years ago, and that is the room you see here with that fabulous , and interpreted as the drawing room for a long time, and we now understand that an 1850s edition, probably late 1850s, and that it was added when the little piece, the house for lodgers, was the only house standing there. They just needed a little bit , a kitchen and this room is how i understand that. And otherwise, i got that kind of list of things that dont add up, right . Is a little bit late for being 1799, the type of hinges, the type of molding, all of these things lead our friends , the architectural historians, to say it looks like you have a building from the First Quarter of the 19th century, and just because i can come ok, tell me about this. Work . 99 if you squint, its like the First Quarter of the 19th century. Comingponse really was to know, monroe may have been precocious in some things. Architecture does not seem to be one of them. An real answer to give you absolute date, an actual real date with numbers, is tree ring dating. That was the recommendation from the architectural historians who said it really looks like First Quarter of the 19th century. It looks like teens or 20s really, and that is not 1799. I am quantitative and not to be able to tell you that. That some people in this group know a lot about tree ring dating and may have had interesting houses rated as such, but for those who havent or dont, let me give you the really brief rundown. Really starting with the basic premise, ok . Puts on a growth puts on a grog every year of its life starting at the center for example, if the year is 1841 and you cut down a tree, how you can cap back to the center, all right . That is the premise. Each of those readings on a tree gets measured in a really detailed way to form a pattern, and the pattern is created by the regional growth conditions, such as water and sunlight, all the things that influence how a tree grows and how much growth it can put on in that particular year, and so that starts you start with cut down today and you establish that pattern, the thick and thin things. Thin, thin, thin, medium ones, thick ones, really thick, and then going back they can essentially graph those measurements of each of the rings, then you start going back with older and older trees and lapping examples to bring them back. For example, maybe you are choosing trees that were harvested many years ago, such as from a waterlogged deposit where they have not rotted, so you can get the whole sequence for a region. The species done by of tree and by the region, and it has to be established before you start your study. , gowe call in the experts around, poking around, looking around in all of the different phases of the house and looking for those exterior growth rings, and this is what we call bark hedge, the exterior portion of the tree, that rounded part. I tell you what, you will never it ises again rarer than it used to be, but in those days they were very parsimonious with their use of trees they harvested, so there findlots of edges, so you them frequently enough to do that. You have to start with that to say that is the cutting date, that outside ring, ok . We sample the different phases and this is what the sampling looks like with a hollow core drill, and you pull a sample out and it looks Something Like that, and that is what would be polished and measured, and those measurements graphed, ok . Come it is one of these phone calls you dont forget, when the specialist calls you back and says come all right, i have some dates on the main structure, and you hold your breath. He said, 1818, which again is not the same as 1799 when we know from a letter that monroe is moving in in 1799, ok . And those measurements are from again, we need to be really sure of this effort going to change things of this if we are going to change things could i said, do rafters ever get replaced . I have lived through some. Urricanes what a chimney fire require that . , pullednother round also clapboards and were very lucky again, something smiling on us, and found more i recognize the lighting is such that you cant see too well, but moorpark edge at the corner more at the corner post and that may go more solid. Wee that set of cords and will measure those as well. They came out to 1818. What we have, this is the start of the victorianstyle house here. We have the court. We have this part with the circular saw marks. This is a shed addition to the north side. We saw that in the 1930 photo. This is the core of the house that we want to know if it is the other wing or something else. We get the wood that was harvested between the spring of andd of the winter the winter of 1818. Timber we saw here again, by observing, where harvested earlier. We know, because of their condition and how it leans on the main part of the house, that it has to be constructed after 1818. This porchhere here postdates munro. One the one with the circular saw posted dates the winter of 56 and 57. That fits well with circular sawing and thats construction phase there. That is one of the reasons why that was built on to make enough room here and thats predates that. This . O we make of anros and writing is such wonderful thing. This is a letter from james hay. E to his son george september 6, 18 18. Theres a lot of good things in the letter. Changes andut some he talks about some changes in the rooms where the servants lodged. Says, i have a new house with two rooms, framed just below the present one for lodgers. Herell be closed in while and finish before i return. This is done by a carpenter. He talks about an enslaved forenter that he bought 450. They spurred much a part to loris work. This is likely that this is peter malley read peter that built the guest house. There is an explanation. It is, in fact, house for lodgers. It fits two rooms, it is a entranceto room lobby dependency building from a plantation. Format. His house at nearest example that i know of, is 2. 5 miles away from monticello. Its not a main house, a master residence. It is a dependency building. So, what we have today, is we have the outline have to outline as much as we can of the foundations that we found. This is that the back area where you have the joint in here. This is the seller area. We have outlined to that on the pavingwith of these stones so people can get the gist of it. What is our future . To mount a large and extended campaign of archaeology to be able to open up big enough areas to understand. We wont excavate the seller, for example. Can have thate open for a long enough. Safe,n up wide, make it and make a scientifically valid entry point into that seller. Cellar we are in an amazing phase of discovery at that point. What about our interpretation of james monroe . President ial guesthouse, which i think is for the first calendar year of his presidency, 1818. Every time he would go to holland, i imagine he would have more and more guests. The visitors coming, either with him or its is there. While he is there. He would have been doing business as president while he was there and it needed that extra space for housing his guests and visitors. What does it say monroe toimself really vision this property. I think that the state of the house at highland has contributed and probably n understanding a as just coming out of the field with clots of dirt stuck to his boots, not terribly ambitious and not terribly cerebral. Right . It is ok to say that now that we can point to other evidence and assemble the group. To retroactively understand the house thats we thought was a part of monroes main house. If we said this was a part of his main house, what you saw in front of you was this dependency building. That certainly colored perspective. About wealked talked about monroes boyhood. Lets pick that imparts a little bit. Lets pick that up part a little bit. That apart a little bit. This is different compared to similar houses of the time. It is above average for a house size in the county, of the time. The amount of property that his parents owned, they owned about 250 acres at the time of his birth. It was about 350 by the time he estateling his parents after his death. It was 550 acres. 550 acres, at the time, is a considerably significant property size. Some of the cases, using the earliest records available put and a somepercentile put it higher than that. We are not talking a lowerclass man. sts talk about monroe education. We mentioned archibald munrolls academy where monroe was placed there by his father. Place where the young men of the colony could be prepared for a life in public service. Evidence by classmates. Insignificant. We dont know whether the monroe eldest sonnd their to the school. It was the parents choice. The other brothers and his sister, we dont know what kind of education they had. Whether the brothers went or not to school, i dont think we know that. It might have to do more with life Eventual Success in or not than what we have studied about them. Die, he monroe parents goes off to william and mary to study with his maternal uncle. Parents about monroes for a little bit, it is the mothers family that has prestige and the fathers has land. Spends monroe the father was a carpenter. A set oftory shows implements, tools, and furnishings in the process of completion. The productslike needed to finish those things, and he had been apprenticed and his own youth, and then in his adult life, he also accepted apprentices up to the time of his death. , buts active in his craft he was also present in some of the Historical Records as a gentleman. It seems like, for that time and place, it was not unusual for a gentleman to awful also have some kind of craft provision. Especially if the gentlemans acreage was poorly drained and not terribly gifted agriculturally. A middling or upper and middling planters. If we put that in perspective, for example, alex and bells work out of Louisa County ofison bells work out Louisa County. The monroes fit into that. If we look at the jeffersons of shadwell, we see the difference there, where we dont see a lot of elite goods at the monroe birthplace. We see it more means of production. Im going to come down and say, middling planters, but, on the upper level of middling. Munro was not right out of the field. He was well educated and prepared for the life that he eventually assumed. Im going to go on record and say, we see an ambitious young held and what he held. Aesthetic, we his have the joy of looking at this afternoon, this is a man that new where he wanted to go and in fact ended up there. My take on it is, lets reconsider monroe and highland for sure. Consider somebody that had a good vision not just of the country and where the country should go, but of himself, his abilities and his career trajectory. I will take questions, and thanks. [applause] sir . S or yes they said if you take this path, you can see jefferson there, and when we got asy said you cant see it well, but we will cut down some of the trees and make it more visible. It they going to make [inaudible] . That is a complicated question. I dont know of any previous plans to cut down trees there. Certainly, the visibility of the monticello main house from highland what have to do with which trees were standing at which particular point. Season, orher it is what stage of timbering. As far as our plans to cut down trees, we dont have any specific ones right now. We have just installed rustic trails on the property that is a reopening of old boy scout trails. Been talk about whether acreage should be cleared, but there were no immediate plans for that. It is right on the edge. You can catch a glimpse of it. To use monroes words. House, the guesthouse is just below the present one relative. They are almost in the same spot. They are separated by not even 50 feet. It is the same kind of spot. Yes. Yes sir . [inaudible] that was framed with part stone in the seller. Cellar. Thats theprint square foot of the footprint was 17 by 30 at the end of the day so that is a significant size house for the time. If you think of usable living rooms ofve childrens top and then the kitchen and the storage spaces below. It was a significant house. It was not a two room dependency. [inaudible] we have not attempted that yet, but it is certainly in the plan. We feel we need to do a little more architectural history to get a good perspective. We have made some, two steps past that floor pans plans on what it would look like, and i will go over there first. [inaudible] do we know who had the house after that . Those are good questions. Munro sold the core of his julyrty, around 900 acres, 1, 1826 two edward o goodwin. Edward o goodwin. They were separated, which makes the title search complicated. Yes, we have done the chain of title, we have the whole list of later owners, and if we dont have it on our website im glad to talk to you and share that research. That work is all been done and we know all the owners. There is something funny that happens in the tax records in the 1830s. Onee 1850s, the addition was put on. I am still interpreting, based on the evidence, but not definitively, that the house burned between those two events. Your target would be, if you are and justdo a box plot the probabilities, i would guess in the 1840s. There is room for the late 1830s and early 1850s, but sometime between there. So that you know im still making up a lemon area a preliminary notation. Notated a public graduate intern and she looked and did not find it. I had an intern later in 15 heck, and we scoured the out of all the databases we could find. Nothing still. Somebodysis in attic in 70s scrapbook somewhere. If you want to go home early, i hold it against you. Someone will come forward with that. If he was living, it would have been bigger. It has to be in some newspaper somewhere. Newspapersn of the from that. Is spotty. I will go to this lady in the back and come back to you. [inaudible] i started that and heidi datesed a list of letter and im hoping to go back and see where he was writing from during all these times. Im not completed the research. That is the question i want to know also. I would be happy to come and tell you. Yep . [inaudible] yes, and a sort of yes. Colleaguesl note my that have done the groundbreaking works establishing all of the documentry very referencing. The community tends to be shuffled back and forth between highland and full kill for a good couple decades there, and the population of one goes up and down. I will give you an example. , monroe washighland old. Rded of having 49 s 15th in him at slaveowners. The majority of those slaveowners have 100 or fewer. There are only two slaveowners int have 100 or more slaves that county of the 1810. The highest was 147 and that was thomas jefferson. [inaudible] we have a reconstructed. Uarter that is in the core that is based in part on some archaeological evidence. We have some archaeological. Vidence of another quarter that is the reconstructed quarter on the screen here. Smokeouts reconstructed Courteney Cox reconstructed quarter. In the last couple of years, we have gone out and shovel tested across the field. And this is in the hypothesis space, that there was a whole line of buildings that marched across the landscape here. That continued in there were more quarters here. This road, we have discovered archaeologically is post monroe, later 19th century. Question, and the this service yard, here, probably was not bounded by the road. That leaves for the strength to my hypothesis that there were additional quarters here. There are also probably outflank orders walking to and from the farm and work locations. Probably closer to the worksites were also quarters. Yes sir . Did he have any mills . Two. It is known, generally, where they are. I would not be the person to walk you to the spot and show you. So dont believe me if i take you for a walk to do that. [laughter] [inaudible] it was not a hostile takeover. I would defer any number of the historians in the audience. I think it was more a personal friendship for monroe than anything else to help them resolve his problems and consolidate all the debt. Thank you. Were the quarters would tiling or a mix . The slave titles that i am more familiar with from this probablyplace, are still construction. A wooden beam laid on the ground surface. Tos makes them very hard discover archaeologically. Later, you see more solid foundations, the move toward within the whole movement in the 1840s with sanitation and hygiene. It is a little less autonomy for enslaved people. They are raised later, on the , or stonetone pilings foundation and, hillsides will cause you to have stone pilings on one side. Does that help . [inaudible] building, that i know you cant see with the granularity where you are. That is a smoke house and it will be the property. It was likely moved to that location at some point. No, we have not done chronology on that. This is an overseer house that not have been used as a slave quarter. There is no distinction of the two. I see evidence of rebuilding around the foundation of that as well. Have said to be original. Originale vols this, plan, when investigating the main house, was to do sample this house and a sample the ,ther house, but the main house the guest house, got so complicated that we used up all of our Research Funds in that paign in. Did not need did not have enough to do the overseers house. This was a reconstruction. I am pushing it on time, probably. We can take one more. What was going on in James Monroes life that might have helped construction . In 1793, he purchased the property and he was then living at monroe hill which is now on the property of the university of virginia. Monroe hill was smaller and it wasnt that good of farmland, and was later became highland, was a larger parcel. It was bought as part of the original landgrant. It was a joining Thomas Jeffersons monticello. Better agricultural land, bigger plots, and close to his friend and mentor, thomas jefferson. He went off to france as a minister to them and, in the mid1790s, was there and was of given jefferson oversight the siting of my buildings as he says. The placement of the buildings and choices of where things will go. There are nice letters back and forth. He buys nails from jefferson starting in 1796. The piece that i talk about in the newspaper article that one of you no doubt has in your thatction, the other thing is about to show up, any day, and the u. S. Postal service is the model thats monroe sent to jefferson from france. [laughter] i have some pictures with
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