Exhibit upstairs. Its absolutely fantastic. I hope that you can take a look at the wonderful archive and the museum that we have on the corner of second and constitution. Our program tonight will allow us to talk in greater detail about the intersections between temperance and suffrage. They are a little bit hazy in history. What we have found as we have been preparing for this is that there is not a whole lot of recent scholarship on this. The track we decided to take was to look at the women themselves. It was the women whose thoughts and origins and what they were fighting for, for their families and animation, went into the organizations they were able to move forward and that became the movement themselves. We will talk a little bit about the way the women galvanized for social, economic and political change. By the mid1880s, excessive alcohol conception and Domestic Violence against women was a serious problem. The temperance issue was of concern to many women who felt the widespread alcoholism caused detrimental effects to the family and to married life particularly because married women have few legal rights or remedies. While the legal right to vote was the ultimate goal for the women, over the next 70 years there were many areas of overlap between temperance and suffrage, including improved working conditions or wage earning women , the need for a strong Public Education system and full political equality. These reform movements can be seen as a fascinating study of the individual who participated in both movements and the organizations they created. Tonight, we will focus on a small group of Women Leaders including Frances Willard, many dillard, Francis Harper and alice hall. They enabled a whole nation of women together and unite and work to bring change to our nation. Tonight, we will hear from Lorie Osborne and christina myers. We will move right into the moderated part of this discussion. We are going to be a few minutes behind, so i will start with chris. If you could talk about the early influence in alice halls life. What about her upbringing and her family could have influenced her later on as she became a reformer in her own light . Kris she was a quaker, but she was she was following her family, who advocated getting away from the materialism of life and getting back to nature and getting back to the morals of humanity. They were the abolitionists, they tended to get into suffrage they tend to be the activists or reformers. Her mother was a suffragist. She was brought to her first suffrage meetings in her hometown in new jersey. We know that had some influence but is not until her 20s when she becomes involved in suffrage. What quakerism did for her, she grew up in a small quaker community, completely quaker in southern new jersey. She grew up with the idea that men and women are equal. They had active roles to play in life and the community. She grew up with a sense of social dd duty. That is something she took seriously. She grew up with the principle of nonviolence. As a quaker, all of these principles and more are part of her daily life. Its something she grew up with, something she practiced at school. She went to Swarthmore College later on when to penn, but particularly swarthmore, these principles were ingrained in her daily life. This constant equality, the sameness of everyone around is interesting because it is when she works in the settlement movement, later working as a social worker that she steps outside of that quaker bubble. That does have an impact on her in new york and later on in london. Thats really whats going to help her to become a suffragist when she realizes that life is not so equal outside of the quaker community. She starts to see what women are experiencing in some of these communities that she sees in new york and london. As a quaker, this principle of equality sounds so big, but its something that even at the age of 92, she still talks about that concept of equality and how ordinary it is and how much she believes in it. Thats ultimately what brought her into the Womens Suffrage Movement and made her a lifelong activist for women and equality. We will talk more as we move forward about the singlemindedness of alice and a lot of the other women as well. Can you give us a bit of background on the institute . It was founded we are 30 years old this year. We were founded back in 1985. It is at her home in new jersey. She called it the home farm. The house has been preserved not as a historic museum, but as a womens History Center and a girls Leadership Development center. She would have wanted this would not have wanted a museum in her name. She would have wanted us to do something active for the cause of equality. We need to preserve her name and we need people to remember who she is. We do have a museum in her honor, but we also have our girls Leadership Development center and that is the heart of what we do. We work with Girls Middle School through high school and beyond and we have a series of programs. A summertime career focused program. And a Girls Advisory Council that meets once a month. If alice were alive, she would like to see that kind of activity happening at her home. A fantastic place for those who have not been. Its absolutely beautiful. If you could tell us a little bit about some of the women you will be talking about tonight and their origins and how they got started and why you think that had such an impact on the work they had done as they moved forward. My work is on africanamerican women suffragists. The various other movements that connected with this average movement the Suffrage Movement. In the 19th century, ending with the 1920s for todays activity, decided to focus on the 19th Century Black suffragists who were also temperance advocates. One of the most important ones is marianne chad carrykerry, along with Francis Harper. They are regional people. D. C. And baltimore. Harper was born in baltimore in a free black neighborhood. You have to understand there were two types of black populations in the 19th century. The free blacks and the enslaved blacks. The enslaved blacks might have nominally gained their freedom in the civil war era, but they were mostly uneducated, they were rural people. Unless they were given a handout it was often the Free Black Community that came in and did that. Churches ministers did also. Many of the women learned about temperance in church. But organizing was Something Else. It was the formally free black women that had the education and the knowledge to organize. Marianne chad kerruy was a good example of that. She went to law school at howard university. She became a lawyer and then worked for the federal government. And eventually developed the colored womens progressive union. They did a variety of things including promote womens suffrage. But temperance was an important part of that as well. Another woman who i thought was interesting was mimi dillard who came from i cant remember if she was from kansas or indiana. I always have to check. I look at the movements rather than where the people are from. I will tell you in a minute. She was from lawrence, kansas. She was involved in temperance work in the 1890s. She organized several activities. The main thing she did was to promote the womens christian Temperance Union, which had segregated units. My girl did it. Throughout the u. S. , whether in the north or south, you belonged to a racially segregated unit. Mimi had to give them credit because they can provide the movement that allowed africanamerican women to organize among themselves. She was an important person in this. Another woman was Marianne Mccurdy from indiana. You see, these are not all southern women. The only one who was almost southern but not really quite is Francis Harper, from baltimore. Baltimore does not consider themselves south, but maryland was a slaveholding state. Mccurdy was very interested in not only womens suffrage, but temperance. One of the things she said was once we get the vote, we can work on legislation to provide temperance. In temperance is killing us all. That was an important thing. For many poor people, whether you were black or white or whatever, you drowned your pain and liquor. It might be emotional, it might be physical. You might work so hard that you came home and all you wanted to do was go to the bar or take a bottle its the same thing now with a lot of people. They were very important as grassroots leaders. Harper however, becomes the superintendent of colored work for the wctu. Even on a national level, it was segregated. You had to have a black woman to supervise the black organizations nationwide. You have to understand that no matter where we are this whole question of race comes up whether its 19th century or today. They found ways to overcome it. To do the kinds of things they needed to do to help people in their own communities. This was important. The women in the churches most of the organizers would go to the black churches and start the movement rolling their. That was a very good strategy. They tied it together. Its not only a moral and parity imperative, it was a Political Movement as well. You are not going to end abusive alcohol unless you have a political way of doing it. They combined the political and the moral in that movement. This is a good place for you to pick up. I would like to hear about evanston and the Frances Willard house and the intersection of morality and temperance in politics. Lorie first of all, im very happy to be her. Im not the current president of the Frances Willard historical im a past president. Not a big change, but i am the current director of the evanston project which connects me to the Frances Willard house and the wtc yoctu archive the willard house is a wonderful Amazing Museum you cant find an earlier house museum that tells the story of a womans life in the United States or in the world. A very early Historic House the wctus records, their National Organization, a worldwide organization, all of their records are there. It is fun to come and tell their story. Frances willard fell between these two groups of women. She is one or two generations earlier than alice. Born in 1839. The generation after the first wave of the suffragists in the u. S. The generation before her her mothers generation. She doesnt grow up in a very progressive household. Her mother was a very progressive person and really encouraged francis to take on whatever she wanted to do. Her father was traditional. In some ways, her early life and the sense of limitation about what she could do because she was a girl really set her in motion. Those early moments where she is noticing that her brother gets to go to school and she is not allowed to go to Public School until she is almost ready to go to college. She is educated at home. She wonders why. There is a great moment she traces the story of her evolution in suffrage to very early in her life. She does it later in her life, but she was way back and recalls a time when her brother goes to vote with her father and she says to her sister, mary, dont we love our country just as much as they do . Her sister says to her, yes, we do, but we cannot say anything because we will be thought to be strongminded. There is this sense, she has this internal sense of the injustice, the inequality she faces just because she is a girl. There is no other reason. It comes very early in her life and stays with her. She doesnt become vocal about it until years later. It is her exposure to the outside world she travels to has a career to europe, has a career, gets informed about the question, the way they phrased it in the mid19th century, she starts to go this is where my calling is, in figuring out the women question. What do we do about womens equality . Then, the Temperance Movement. It explodes. The 1870s in the u. S. With the crusades documented in the exhibit where women are taking to the streets and protesting praying and singing and begging its the problems of alcohol in their little towns. Willard has watched the Temperance Movement from afar. Her parents are methodist. Methodism and temperance go together. She is not involved with it. She is more in the women question. When the Womens Movement and Temperance Movement come together, she says ok, i now see the possibility. She sees the possibility for vast numbers of women to get out of their houses and do something. They might not do it for the individual they deserve to vote or those kinds of things. They will become activists if its something about protecting their homes and their families from a scourge like alcohol. She sees an opportunity connecting the two ideas is going to get is going to create change in a big way. That is willards background and how she got to the whole concept of temperance and the womens question, connecting the two ideas. We were talking about the question you asked me was about politics. The intersection between yes. What made them move towards the political side of the issue . They knew that was how they would bring about change. Kris lorie after the crusades come to a close what was the number . An astonishing number of women. Lorie 250,000 in 1890. The Largest Organization of women in the 19th century. Becomes a worldwide organization. You cannot work for the vote in every country because even men dont have the vote in every country. Frances willard has her do everything policy. She really means it. Temperance is in everything and everything is in temperance. They are a comprehensive reform organization. She dies in 1898 before the real push towards suffrage in the 20th century. She falls in that earlier generation. Going back to the start of the wctu, they call it the gospel temperance. Persuading people to change individually. Their alcohol use. Persuade those saloon owners to close their doors and individually get people finding assigning the temperance pledge. Willard is an officer in the wctu. She becomes president in 1879, the second president. She takes it from that gospel, moral persuasion and the moral issue it still exists, but she shifts it and it becomes much more about politics and gaining the boat and changing things on a much grander scale. Gaining the vote. They keep everything while they are evolving and changing. Interesting. We were talking about alice. I mentioned her singlemindedness. Maybe you can talk a little bit about how alice intersected with temperance. If you take it one step further than that and talk about the other reformers she was a part of and she was learning from. She was very singleminded. She was suffrage all the way. Kris absolutely. Its unusual for someone like alice we talk about who is your hero. For alice, it was susan b anthony. She was a labor rights activist a temperance activists and a suffragist as well. Susan b anthony was her hero. Yet, when alice paul focuses and forms her own party, she becomes very singleminded and focuses all that on the amendment and its criticized for not focusing on other issues that would affect women. Particularly sensitive she is successful at bringing in a lot of different types of women. She brings in different classes in different races. Women are approaching her all the time saying why arent we focusing on temperance, focusing on africanamerican womens rights . What about the mother that needs to be her baby . Alice paul would say the vote first. That was her message. The vote is first and Everything Else will follow. I dont have any numbers im sure that a lot of her suffragists are also involved in the Temperance Movement because they know theres a huge overlap. Between all of those reform movements, she has women interested in temperance, women she recruits a lot of factory women. She is working with lower classes of women. She is aware of what their needs are because she was a settlement worker. She is aware of all of these issues. She takes lessons from these campaigns. However, her focus is singly on getting women the right to vote. All of the movements definitely overlap, but for alice come her signal focus is going to be the 19th amendment, the vote first Everything Else will figure its way out. Its interesting that Frances Willard had a do everything policy and alice paul had a we will take this one step at a time and get separate first and then move forward. Test suffrage first and then move forward. We have six of her degrees. She had two bachelors, two masters and two doctorates. She studied biology, she studied liberal arts, social work, she got a doctorate in economics and then had her law degree. She took courses at the London School of economics and the New York School of philanthropy. Through all of these schools through these programs she will meet a lot of people who will eventually become suffragists. She will recruit them into her movement. Through her work in the settlement movement, she is going to meet women that will influence her that she will also bring it to the movement. She is part of the College Women. When she coordinates this huge parade in 1913, she encourages College Women to wear their caps on gowns. She is part of that generation of women who are able to go to college and receive this education, but also to have careers aired she was able to do that. She is par