Develop an ort to independent artistic force and power of our own. Scores of cameramen record he event as the president ial party leads a tribute to the lady who will play host to many, many thousands in the next three weeks. The Enigmatic Smile acts like a agnet to art lovers and the curious. The next day, the gallery is jammed as the crowd passes by painting f ining four abreast. Each has three to five seconds in front of the painting. Stand there for one more glimpse for a smile that launched 1,000 arguments. The painting is being exhibited under stringent security panels and the wooden are protected from damage in a Temperature Humidity controlled case. And the mona lisa, the first most aking her by far the popular hostess in washington. Wants to meet the new girl in town. Targeted unabomber universities, airline, and computer stores. Killing 23 and injuring others. Unabomber, how the fbi broke own rules to capture the terrorist Ted Kaczynski. Talk about the investigation and discuss how the fbi had to change its methods to track down the elusive loaner. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. My name is greg floyd, and i am chairman and ceo of the National Law Enforcement officers memorial fund. I want to welcome you all here today to the newseums witness to history, generously sponsored by our friends at target here in the front row. I will turn things over to john maine art in just a moment for the moderation of todays event, but i want to thank all of you for coming. Today is just a glorious day outside, and the fact and you would want to spend an hour or two here with us, thats extra special, and i thank you for taking the time to join us. I think you are in for a fascinating discussion in a moment. I also want to thank our friends from cspan, who tend to cover many of these witness to history events. They are with us again today, and they will be sharing with us on air over the coming weeks. For those of you who may not be familiar with the National Law Enforcement officers memorial fund, we were formed in 1984 by a former new York City Police officer and police legend. Hes the author of the legislation to establish the National Law Enforcement officers memorial, which was our first major initiative. We dedicated that memorial in 1991. Its its just a couple of blocks from here in judiciary square. On the walls of that memorial are the names of 20,002 hundred 67 federal, state, local, 20,267 Law Enforcement professionals who have given their lives in the line of duty. The National Law Enforcement officer museum will open just a few weeks from now in a place again called judiciary square, right across the street from the national memorial. In many ways, our museum already exist. Weve collected more than 17,000 artifacts, fascinating artifacts of american Law Enforcement history that will help us tell that story. Weve also produced a number of educational and public programming events, of which witness to history is part of that. This afternoon is certainly a good example. We bring together Law Enforcement professionals, experts who were involved in some of the most famous criminal cases in american history. Today, we bring together a group of experts who worked so diligently and for so long on the unit bomber investigation, one of the longest manhunts in american Law Enforcement history on the unabomber investigation. I would like to turn our program over to john maynard, who will moderate todays program. Thank you, craig, and good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, and those of you watching on cspan. Welcome to the newseum, home of the unabombers cabin. For nearly two decades beginning in 1978, and elusive criminal sent homemade bombs the targeted universities, airlines, and computer stores, killing three people and injuring 23 others. The fbi branded him the unabomber, and they were flummoxed. But about a 35,000word manifesto written by the unabomber proved a turning point and brought in end to his reign of terror. Even before the manifesto, the investigation was hampered by complex layers of bureaucracy, pride, and individual egos. We talked to three fbi agents banned by fbi director louis free by cutting through the cumbersome procedures of the investigation and cutting free of bureaucratic restraints. The new book unabomber, how the fbi broke its own rules to capture the terrorist Ted Kaczynski details the fbis investigation for the unabomber and how these three worked together to bring him back. Jim freeman was special agent in charge of the multi agency unabomber investigation and Strategic Management and the executive level. He began his career as a special agent with the fbi in 1964, was with assignments in Oklahoma City, los angeles and miami and in 1993 was assigned special agent in charge of the San Francisco division. Following the unabomber investigation he returned from the fbi in 1996, retired from the fbi in 1996 and joined charles schwab, as senior vp of global security. Max noel served as investigator on the Unabomber Task force before ultimately becoming supervisor of an expanded task force and ultimately concentrating on montana. He served as fbi agent for 30 years and worked on numerous highprofile investigations including the weather underground, the disappearance of jimmy hoffa. And the patty hearst kidnapping. He retired from the fbi in 1999. Terry turchie directed the unabomber federal task force between 1994, and 1998. On an operational level. Following the unabomber case, became inspector and led the task force in looking for the olympic bomber eric root of. In 1999 he was named deputy existent of the Counter Terrorism division of the fbi and traveled extensively overseas to investigate International Terrorism in the middle east and in the former soviet union. I should note in the book jim writes that terry is the only fbi agent who got into a fight with a russian spy. He wrestled a kgb agent agent to the ground on a brooklyn subway platform in 1986. Platform in 1986. Please welcome our panel. [applause] if you are tweeting, newseum and a National Enforcement handle, lets start with you. All three of you are listed as coauthors. The book is told from your perspective. Tell us how the book came together. What was your Main Objective for the book . Thank you for your kind comments. The book . Thank you for your kind comments. I want to point out that we represent dozens of fbi agents, and atf agents and officers of the u. S. Postal inspection service, who worked together for a task force for the last three years. You might imagine how many individuals and how much work went into such a project and the book came out similarly to how the investigation came about the last two years. I think i was the only volunteer ever for the Unabomb Task Force after 15 years. And the inability to find him. I volunteered because i was in San Francisco, and thats where the task force is set up. I want to take a shot at Ted Kaczynski. The investigation required that i look for a team that would ring to gather bring together a Strategic Plan, and Terry Turchie was already in San Francisco as a supervisor of National Intelligence matters in the powell also agency. Palo alto agency. I decided i wanted a different perspective, wanted to shake it up. To do something different. Definitely at that time, a wall in the National Television service and the division for various reasons, and i wanted to take advantage of that, a Strategic Plan and it came together the same way. It was a matter of the three of us representing a unique perspective in the way the case was managed, so we wrote it in that manner. We did not want to write a book that stood on its own as our own creation. We wanted to do a definitive description of the creation of the investigation, which was very complex and over the years had not been appropriately described in many of the books that had been written about the case. Many of the books centered on Ted Kaczynski. We wrote the book about the investigation. Tell us about your reaction to this newly formed task force. I was stunned. I was doing well in palo alto. Any of you familiar with california know that is a pretty nice place to be. That is across the street from stanford and i was settled for the rest of my career, at least i thought, until jim had this bizarre idea of solving the unabomber so i got a call one day from the assistant special agent in charge of Counterintelligence Program in San Francisco. He said i have a couple questions to ask you. How do you feel about coming up to the city in taking over the Unabomber Task force . Jim is putting together a different structure and is interested in doing that and my response was that is funny but thanks for the offer but no thanks. So there was a pause and he said im actually not joking. Then i didnt know what to say. Everybody tried to stay away from the corridor in the San Francisco office with signs that said unabomber. No one wanted to go near it there. I think i would need a lot of time to close up everything down here and get up there. How much time do you need . Probably at least a month. I thought i would get a couple weeks and he said how about a couple of hours . [laughter] nothing went right from there until i met jim freeman in the office and realized he was very serious and maybe we had a chance to do things differently. Max, talk about your enrollment. I was already on the task force and i saw jims taking over the task force and reconfiguring and bringing Terry Turchie in as an opportunity to leave the task force. And go back to what i did best. [laughter] i submitted a memorandum to that effect, please let me go back and do what i was doing before which was organized crime, asian organized crime work and unfortunately terry and jim had other ideas and convinced me i needed to say. He went and saw jim freeman and he said i know he was off but he is not going. Maybe for our younger visitors are people not familiar with the case, give us a brief overview of the unabomber. What were some of his targets and motives . That is what made it so difficult to identify a suspect because the unabomber became very clear early on had to be a lone wolf. He was not talking to anyone or else something would have come to light, 16, 17 years. His early targets were against University Professors, graduate students, bombs sent through the mail to specific professors as well as bombs placed in the corridor outside the computer room at the university of utah and that was repeated in other locations as well, university of california at berkeley. And then there was early on, his third bombing was against an American Airlines flight, a mail bomb was placed with a rigged altimeter, barometer was used to explode at a certain altitude, i didnt ignite a fire but didnt explode. It did ignite a fire but did not explode. That saved the lives of all the people in their plain but even so the pilot recognized smoke was coming in to the cabin and there was an Emergency Landing at dulles airport, saving peoples lives. So airlines and universities were the early targets. There is a propensity for acronyms, so we did u. N. For university and a for aircraft and bomb so it became unabom and the unabomber is on moniker that stuck. I will ask you again, for both of you, when did you realize this was a case you had to invest in the normal protocol and the subtitle of the book is how the fbi broke its own rules . Go through those rules. Terry, why dont you start. We actually had a meeting, one of the first things he wanted was a strategy, i wasnt clear on what he wanted but wanted it out of the box and really something we hadnt tried before and really made the impression we want to solve this case, we were not doing this through some process, babysit until someone else comes along. We are going to stay until we do this. I went away, talk to match and had a number of meetings over the next week and just about everybody that was already on the Unabomber Task force and talks about what they thought our failings were in terms of what we had overlooked before, and how we might do this in a different way, but it became apparent we needed Different Organization and structure and needed all the things that come with that so at the end of the week i gave him a paper that essentially said heres what i think we should do based on everybody i have talked to and their input. One, we had kind of a morale issue. A lot of people did want to get off of the Unabomber Task force. They worked hard and been very long time and they were tired. To deal with that it was kind of symbol. I recommended that we have People Choose a partner. When you watch tv everyone has a partner but that is not the way it is in real life. So we had a meeting. We told everybody, whether it is and fbi agents for postal inspector, how people get together, choose a partner and you will be with this person for a long long time. That way when you have a down day, your partner will have an up day and you guys are more creative working together like this so that was the biggest thing we did to make a difference in the internal mechanism of how things would operate, but then all the more complicated things made several suggestions. First, we need to have a media component in our strategy, so we actively use the media to get to the public and eventually we would have things and a specific operate, but then all the more complicated things made several suggestions. First, we need to have a media component in our strategy, so we actively use the media to get to the public and eventually we would have things and a specific message to tell the public. Secondly we needed a significant analytical capability integrated into the investigation until that time we should simply we just simply didnt have and third, we needed to deal with the issue of profiling. Again you probably watched shows like criminal minds and that type of thing but it doesnt exactly happen in real life the way it happens on tv or a couple of hours of movies. We need to look differently so we chose different people to work with us on the profiling and we will get into that in a while but those are the essence of what we pass along to jim. That was really the sum total of many of the agents we already have the told me during these interviews. You mention media, a natural question for me to ask, as we were discussing earlier the fbi does traditionally play it close to the vest when it comes to the media. What was the advantage in this case for you to shift strategy to be more media friendly . We knew right away that we needed to have a consistent message to take to the public. And we also had to have a consistent spokesperson. So we decided to recommend to jim that he be our spokesperson. Not fbi headquarters and others, but because he would always be sitting and have the latest information we were going to be getting from the investigation. And we wanted to give a consistent message to the public. Over time, what we ended up doing 19941996, long before we got the manifesto in 1995 was we started going to the public with one message and that message was when you think about the unabomber think about chicago 19781980. Then think about Salt Lake City because between 1980 and 1982 or 1983 that seemed to be the focus of where there was a connection for the unabomber and after that time frame from 1985 and on, think of the San Francisco bay area, put those three things together and eventually, i will defer to max to talk about the composite. That became a significant part of that message. Chicago, salt lake and the San Francisco bay area and the composite and by 1995 we got the manifesto. When all those pieces came together we went back to the public through jim with that message, we got what we were looking for and got back to that composite because it is a fascinating story. The composite is the iconic picture of the van, the hooded sweat shirt, the sunglasses. Early on in the investigation, you do a lot of monotonous tasks and reviewing the file. We didnt have a lot of leaks leads and reviewing the file and trying to determine if there were things that hadnt been done in the past, i was reviewing the file with regard to utah related bombings and there was one in 1987 at a Computer Company in Salt Lake City and was the only time the individual known as the unabomber was ever seen and he was seen by an employee, very close, within three feet of him looking at him out the window as he placed a bomb beside her left front tire of her car. She was interviewed afterwards by a police artist, an artist was brought in to do a composite and she did the composite. When i reviewed the file, there was something unusual. There were five different composites by that same artist and the same witness on five different days. It was unusual for me to see that. I found this particular witness and went and interviewed her and asked her why and she said he wasnt capturing what i was trying to tell him. He kept getting the shape of the face wron