Transcripts For CSPAN2 US Senate 20160513 : comparemela.com

what better protect the kids if they can change it with the president? >> it won't be football if we continue to strip away the cake return, the three-point stance or any number of proposals out there. we think those are ways like tackling. it is an attempt to somehow sanitize the very difficult, very physical act of tackling. it can't be done. tackling is tackling. they define it exactly as it is done and should be done at the three levels of football where the game should be played. if they can't tackle the way the technique was designed, they shouldn't be playing contact football until such point they are ready to play. >> ladies and gentlemen at this time i will recognize my colleague from virginia. >> i do apologize that my jacket off and ran over to vote in the rain and it got wet so i took my jacket off. mr. o'neill, my 10-year-old tried to tackle football, when my 8-year-old was seven he played for flag football. because they are not ready to tackle that they actually drop out of the sport? >> we haven't but it's a good point. football loses any number of good candidates for the fact that we throw them in unprepared physically at a younger age. there is a soundbit soundbite sm adding sound bites i would like to play when we finishe finish i have one minute from the coach and broadcaster who tells the story where his son coached ninth-grade football at a school in california and john said to him if you take a boy that didn't play contact football and match hi them up against a boy t did play through grade school, how long would it take the boy that didn't play to catch up with the skills of the boy that did. his son said to him one week it would take him to catch up to what supposedly had been learned by a contact player in those eight years that he took all of that head trauma from age five through 13. >> i was intrigued in the testimony of young women having more concussions than young men. you find that to be true through all age groups, middle school, high school and college? >> in the age groups we have surveillance data it's been consistent with my data and other good surveillance system to the different populations and the high school and collegiate age group in the middle school and younger age group we only have very small studies of one school district based on those it appears it is also the under age groups that we don't have national surveillance today to answer that question. >> i'm sorry we have limited time here. mr. stenson. in the development and deployment of sports first standardized coaching and education curriculum. the properly trained coaches are the most effective for player safety is the conclusion based in part on the changes you've seen in the entry rates? >> in part, yes but it's more based on the fundamental belief that if you can't teach a sports correctly and according to the rules committee outcomes are going to be not what you want. so part of the challenge that we see that hasn't been mentioned yet is in sports like soccer and lacrosse we see a privatization that means they are playing more frequently at younger age levels and it is compounding this concern in the sport. >> you also mentioned one of the challenges and the associations to buy into the standards why do you think this is a challenge if you can be quick? to >> culture and tradition. >> and i have to tell you the good news is my 16-year-old daughter had a concussion this year and they pulled her out for about two weeks and she got to play lacrosse. i've only got a minute left. is there anything you haven't had an opportunity to touch on yet? would you agree the more we can do how to do it right -- >> we have a lot of stuff built into the progression already. >> and do you have the same difficulties that he indicated he was having? >> not all high school associations and hockey leagues are governed so we don't have any influence their. so again there's no uniformity among those. he mentioned that and my 8-year-old is also playing lacrosse and that is outside of the city league. i came back because i felt this was an important hearing and i appreciate the testimony and will continue to work on this. >> this time i will recognize you for five minutes. >> i appreciate all of the witnesses being here today in having thiandhaving this panel t witnesses is a good opportunity to have dialogue on how we can further enhance the safety of the sports. i would like to ask some questions of the governing context especially with kids. doctor gregory you are here as a member of the medical advisory committee. what can you tell us about the guideline changes usa football has made the sport safer for younger athletes? >> there are practice guidelines for chaplains as a part of the heads up program and the limited context of 30 minutes per practice. do they operate at some change? >> we can only make a suggestion that the change anof the changem all of you have is we can't enforce them. >> so it's just another recommendation there's no way to implement the guidelines? >> there's no way to enforce it so we have to get b by him like the other colleagues talked about by showing them that it works with these youth coaches. >> have you been monitoring the rate of injury is particularly head injuries since implementing these changes? >> in the three areas that we showed with the football study in fairfax county information here and south bend indiana, it is the educative component and practice limitation. >> do you know any more than that other than dropping? >> i did the members i can get them to you. >> just so the committee has them and would be fine. we heard about the success eliminating the contact practices from mr. o'neill about the practice advocacy for additional rule changes to reduce the contact for young players and the whole ivy league is now limited in the contact practices and that they allow only 14 contact practices over the 18 week regular season. do these numbers reducing the practices and giving players longer rests between practices how does it affect as it relates to the brain? >> the more time off they have the more there is to prepare any damage that has occurred from being hit the more time you can give them off the less likely they are to be impaired in the less likeland theless likely toe future. >> i will tell you what has been demonstrated in dartmouth and high school level is fairly new and compelling in the challenges without the resources that they have at the collegiate and high school level and that is the difficulty and we can make the recommendation and can't enforce it. way back it up by understanding they can be implemented if we don't recommend and that is what we need the resources to do. >> it will eliminate to reduce head injuries and contact practice time by 33% to 25%. do you think these measures will be effective at reducing head injuries for kids? like they are a good start. the main issue to go back to one comment on the floor is eliminating one or two or three or four isn't going to have a terribly substantial affect. i would be more excited about the reduction of the time. >> so those would be the first additional changes that you would encourage. is usa football considering similar measures? is usa football considering similar measures as those introduced? >> this is an evolving game so it is definitely up for consideration and the rules and implementations like this will be looked at and studied to see if it does indeed have the same affect that it has. >> earlier this month the committee democrats sent a letter to scarf the executive director of usa football about how the organization is ensuring the safety of young football players in addressing the risk posed by come to savanna some concussive hits. we have asked for the response by may 25. can you confirm the usa football will provide the committee with response by that date? >> i can confirm that. >> thank you very much mr. chairman and i think the ranking member and witnesses for bringing your expertise before us today. i would like to talk about the changing culture as we approach the issue, we have to address the culture and the attitude of justice. for a long time, kids have watched rivals deliver the hardest hits on the field and as we make changes to the play and practice we need to ensure that permeates the culture as well. my first question do you believe the players are convinced of the importance of reporting compressions? >> they are getting there and it's important upon the staff to make sure players know it's okay for the members to say the old mindset a player may not respond. it's opened up and it's okay. the culture supports but they will report. >> do you believe the coaches and the medical staff take a concussion seriously? >> i think they do. i think it is conservative and a lot of guys played less than five years ago started coaching five years ago. they grew up i up in a tiny bitd self-report know about the head injury and a lot of people teach what they taught and that is a part of the culture that needs to change. it's a different time. >> do you think that we have been successful in spreading that message? >> not as successful as we need to be. >> how can we treat them seriously? >> it's a great question and i would say this to you only do the clinics around the country we quantify the fact 19 cases of suspected impact syndrome you heard about this morning we told the stories in detail with video of the players involved. we tell the stories of catastrophic industry in the effort to scare straight through the coaches these boys that need this information. i show my son's concussions as an example how he lied about the symptoms and get everything tuesday on the field only when confronted with an impact test that showed that he had failed the cognitive efficiency and only then did he admit that yes he was suffering a concussion and he would have to miss three or four weeks of play. it's still a problem and we think it is a subject about which we need to be direct. we encourage them to tell the players to tell the story of what catastrophic industry can be in their lives if they don't self-report and diagnose. many kids try to model the behavior as the athletes. we need to make sure the athletes at the highest level of play are sending the right message is about taking it seriously. within the college and professional athletes do to carry that message forward? >> unless we change the way we coached a game we won't have a way to coach. we now replicate a moving target and steps like that the players will follow the direction of the coaching staff and i think that is absolutely critical to get the message across. >> what is effective for us is as we take them around the country, they told the audience they suffered the first concussion at the age of seven on a practice field in california needlessly coming of practice at the age of seven. and he tells his personal story about hiding symptoms and then coming to a recognition later in his career how foolish that was. we take anthony around and he tells the story playing for a coach in cincinnati that wanted to hit every single day including the day before the case on a saturday they are hitting each other before a sunday game and then he says we have a new coach and that is virtually no contractor and we won in both ways but he said i sure felt a lot better and my teammates did, to back. >> do you have any comments about what you think the fans should b the requiring of this sports? >> the fans should be aware of it as well. to understand some of the big hits the rules and again don't dictate to take people out of the play by forcing injury it's just to get them on the ground if there is an understanding that long-term people can be in jeopardy if we don't change the way that we approach. >> but they are out of the media and they are not good hits if you ask us. that is what is being shown in the highlight. it's not the goal. >> we have to change the culture that requires everyone that is participating in the game. i ask unanimous consent o that e national research council report into sports related concussions and the teaching of the culture to the introduced in the record without objection not going to be entered in the record. and also we wanted another promotion of the briefing that the congressman and i are hosting on pediatric trauma may 24 and encourage all of the colleagues to attend this briefing and in conclusion i would like to thank all of you and the witnesses and members that participate it's a very important issue and we've gained a lot of insight. they have ten business days to questions and i ask them to respond properly to those questions and with that, the subcommittee is adjourned. the [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] a quick reminder that if you missed any of this hearing on the sports concussions you can watch it in the c-span video library at c-span.org. in the white house today the obama administration directing schools across the nation to provide transgender students with access to facilities including bathrooms and locker rooms that match their chosen gender identity. the "washington post" writing that the move that will affect all public schools and universities that receive federal funds funds even further to the ongoing debate over transgender rights. if of that state and local officials in higher education institutions on notice they risk losing federal education aid if they limit students to areas or teams based on their gender assigned at birth. this action again coming days after the justice department and state of north carolina filed lawsuits over a new law requiring individuals in the states tstate to use bathrooms n their birth gender. you can read more about today's actions at "washington post".com. we expect to hear more about this at the white house briefing. the press secretary will take questions from reporters beginning in about 12:45, 20 minutes from now and we will have that lie on c-span2 the reason i say inequality isn't a problem is what we are concerned with is and how much money do you have that hell did you get it did you get it through something that was fair or a process that was not fair and when you try to equalize people that earn their money honestly that's something we are challenging to say that isn't a fair way to treat people. >> he says the american dream is threatened not by income inequality but limiting success and is interviewed by diana ross on sunday afternoon at fort:30 the iraq veteran for freedom talks about theodore roosevelt citizenship and the republic address and offers his divisions for americans today. >> this book isn't about me or roosevelt litigating where he is on the political spectrum is a call to action. to me it is meant to inspire, motivate and remind americans of every generation would make america special and it's worth fighting for. some of us carry a rifle and many in this generation still do, but you don't have to to be in the arena and it's our job to instill the principles that perpetuate what is as you all know in experiment in human freedom. >> it is instead a tightrope regime come ethical disappearing acts and certainly clowns. instead becomes three rings of fire. by the time the skeletons come out of the closet and election day is over there before they had the chance to start their jobs. she recounts memorable political missteps in history. go to booktv.org for the complete schedule. a california republican congressman darrell issa took part in a discussion on the internet of things and how to regulate what is shared over connected networks. this is hosted by th the hill ad includes a panel with representatives of the federal trade commission. >> good morning everyone. i am with the hill and we are excited to be hosting the internet of things and the future of global technology and in addition to the audience in the studio we are live streaming at if you're interested please follow and comment using the hash tag the hill for him. darrell issa has represented the district in california since 2001 he currently sits on the house committee on the judiciary and subcommittee on courts and intellectual property and the internet's most recently teamed up with the congresswoman to establish the house internet of things caucus and today we will be talking about the vision for the caucus and the work that he hopes to accomplish. please help me welcome congressman darrell issa. [applause] i was looking for that when i arrived. there are different estimate that we will have the next five years between 21 billion to 50 billion in the connected devices. why don't we open with kind of since you know more about it than me what that looks like and how our lives are going to shift. >> the definition of connected today is rather simple. it's a radiofrequency product that's active and transmits and receives. that's pretty much what we are looking at. a great deal of it some of that we look at as a connection between you and me and where we are going into the connection between all of us that isn't just between you and me but inherently is between you and all of them and simultaneously because i'm connected to you and all of them that network one of which everything is available based on certain rights is the next generation of the internet of things. >> that sounds exciting and it sounds a little scary. >> i'm connected to the internet with everybody but on the internet. we think of most of our appliances if you will often as being bound between two planes one would be the bluetooth headset and/or phone and to us that our personal internet but there won't be a personal internet. everything will be bound and in some cases in the best cases the communication systems will need each other so there won't be empty spots because ultimately with limited spectrum our challenge is going to be to make sure all of us can find sufficient bandwidth for communication and sufficient signals on a crowde in a crowdee able to message in and out and we have to cooperate in a way that we don't currently with radiofrequency. >> we are going to get to that. that is a steep challenge. how is it going to help us? >> that is a neanderthal of the internet of things. the automobile they are always at the trailing edge of technology. i say that because i was in the auto electronics business. in order to work in an automobile we think of ourselves as we must be more robust and the amount is rather dim an innocent half of it is because they differed maintenance or ran out of gas so when you look at the reliability of an automobile that has to be technology that is extremely well tested. it has to operate in a minus 40 to plus 100 degrees and beyond or is useless in a typical automotive environment and so they are coming late to the party and i always say don't look to them for the leading edge because what they are describing is something that is very doable and they are applying it to the automobile. that isn't to disparage the automobile because automobiles have the greatest mobility in a sense we have the greatest opportunity to create vast networks of information that all of us can use and that's where the internet of things goes to the next generation because the current generation is ic alexa and it tells me the temperature or plays music. the next generation is every appliance is going to have in a sense at least particularly in automobiles so now how long is it going to take me to get across town in new york now to get that information in real real-time every automobile has to be part of a wireless network that is in fact producing the raw material to estimate how long will it take and by the way i want to be updated about the routethat theroutes but i was os deteriorated and an alternate routes can occur and that's where software behind automobiles that come fully part of the internet of things are going to really change our lives and not just for people that are going to places but sometimes it will be i have a dinner party people are going to show up on time. >> and what about privacy. the bathroom scale and bridge are they going to tell the employer that we are gaining weight and eating things that are not good for us? >> yes. i don't want them to. >> is owned by the companies that we borrow devices from? >> medina is always yours. we sign away those rights and one of the questions and this is a judiciary question what is your right to know and understand what you are signing away plaques. complewe have a generation thati don't care and they don't read it and then we have a lot of legislators and we tend to be the other generation and we are saying wait a second we have to find a way to make this document is simple. how many of you have gotten a home loan that is a simplification of truth in lending? the fact is what we need and we don't have as a is an industry t is developing if you were standards for these contracts so that i read a contract one time and it's a consumer technology association standard for document relief or information release and i know that if i read it once this will comply with that order is a standards documenstandarddocument with ond that exceptions is they can aggregate some information that otherwise wouldn't be able to. so are we going to develop standards when i plug something in to an old-fashioned parallel port i have an expectation it's going to work a certain way because the industry develops standards that we can rely on. we need the standard of what is my information being used for and by the way if we say no to everything than all of the real benefits of the internet of things come crumbling down because we want that aggravate d information to be available. can you talk more about the challenge and what your goals are for the encryption working group and the internet of things caucus i know that you had the congresswoman are a little out of your colleagues on this and i know there's a lot of educating to do. how do you make this a priority? to make it interesting we are here. it's an interesting turn because people don't understand that it means multiple things, freedom of religion left out for a moment, the right to be heard and the right to privacy are both interlaced in that question. the first amendment rights include the freedom of association without big brother looking at it so when the word encryption is used, the question goes back to 240 years ago what is my right to privacy and what defines my home. so if my right to conversation as thomas jefferson thought we should do every generation or so and that is to conspire and tear down the government if it is in the ability to have the conversation is protected and thomas jefferson certainly thought it should be than my ability to actually have conspiracy talks talk about hypothetically taking down the government. if one piece of free speech is protected and all free speech is protected. so i'm one of those that understand that there's not such a thing as a little bit of encryption. neither have privacy or we don don't. i talked to the gentleman in the second row they never anticipated being able to hear our conversation. they anticipated that they could talk to me and they could talk to him so the idea that the big brother can get all of the conversations that occur. they anticipated the court to order documents. and the individuals to compel them to answer questions honestly under the threat of perjury and the ability to not answer so in a sense what many of us are trying to do is teach let's not be so afraid of a relatively small group of people doing us harm around the world that we give up the very liberties that brought us here and caused us to have a very different life. >> and in terms of regulation, you are a businessman and this is an industry that is just way ahead of the regulation. if the regulation never catches up to the industry the industry will crumble. >> so what is going to secure these devices? any meaningful wain a meaningfuu read about the internet of things, they describe the devices that will not be able to be updated over time. the amount of pressure on the system, connectivity at some point what is the regulatory escape that you envisioned? that is reasonable? >> it's an interesting question and you go back to history in a way we have had times in which we've said you've become too obsolete and let's assume you have a model t. ford. you can take it out on certain roads but since it can't really keep up with interstate highway speed became prohibited from going out on the turnpike and prohibit the motorbike so if today the latest internet of things product is in fact a moped int is a generation from w that's always good for at least a little laugh. but a generation from now the product simply can't keep up then we have an ability to say you can participate in the lanes that are legacies that you are opting to be a part of the twork that we are all in because the lack the speed and security into the update ability and that is one of the challenges for the industry. everyone in this room probably has come at least i hope everyone has a flatscreen tv that has probably a microcomputer on board that's what most of these products that we use have just a computer screen with a very thick client behind them. one of the challenges for the industry and i came out of the consumer industry, those tvs are great and they will do exactly what we as asked them to do to update their time at the processors will be able to keep up with the demands of just a few years from now so the answer to the question is we need to have an orderly anticipation of some products being continuously updated until the microprocessor reaches the plaintiff can't make that next jump and then have been pushed into a slow lane that lets them enjoy the utility that they can but recognize they are going to go away. i'm running on but let me give you an example. there used to be a citizens band radio. i bought my first car by trading the citizens band radio that used crystals and it could hold up to six of them and i would be able to have six channels and then i could have all 29 channels but what happened was the fcc determined there was inability to have more channels so in the 1970s they made a transition from a whole group of radios that have x. amount of channels to the new ones. they announced it as a certain date and i can't remember it was like january 11978 that the old ones couldn't be filled anymore. you should have seen the sale of the old ones at the consumer's electronic show. you could have bought, the packaging would have cost more than the product. we do have to realize we are going to have that in particular when you look at bandwidth because we are going to reallocate the bandwidth today to more mundan the more mundanen in fact today i'm looking forward to 28 gigahertz of communication something that satellites are giving and being used. just giv to give you a perspecte when i came to congress, the idea that we would be using five gigahertz hadn't yet come out. as a matter of fact when i was an adult the only thing that we thought it could be used for was cooking food and the police pulling us over into giving us a ticket. today we couldn't live without that particular frequency bandwidth because that's one of the keys. >> said the internet of things is going to depend largely on the unlicensed spectrum. are we going to have enough consumers and can we continue to expect that? >> that is the largest challenge they have an obligation to allocate bandwidth to the highest use and they need to fight stronger to tell congress that the highest and best use isn't always determined by who will pay the most money. it's given a lot of money but the connectivity that we depend quite frankly the cellular data if it wasn't for 80 to 11 there wasn't enough bandwidth so it is the free spectrum that's moving more data than the cellular spectrum today and that is a model for it should all be free if we can coexist and business models shouldn't be based on exclusive bandwidth, they should be based on adding value to what is in fact three to the people. that is not going to happen overnight but with the exception of certain channels, the next generation products are going to be smart and able to detect that the noise is unacceptable at a particular nano second that it's acceptable somewhere else and they will be able to send the data through what is available in the ever greater and busier world. if we don't do that and we don't look at what people think of as the technology and cellular if we don't look at it more and more on the existing bandwidth, then we will by definition a run out much sooner and if we auction it off to the users who are trying to monetize the impact are not sharing, we won't get the new views. spin it thank you congressman, appreciate it. costco [applause] >> this time i would like to introduce the representatives on the sponsor for the portion of the program i'd like to welcome to the stage be executive vice presidenthe executive vicepresid strategic partnerships and jim will sit down with the president and ceo. thank you. nice to see you again. that was a great conversation and thanks everyone for being with us this morning it's fun to talk about the internet of things and we got a good high-level discussion on the policy surrounding it but for me these type of events the most fun part is talking with people like jenny mccarthy the executive vice president for innovation and a strategic partnership as visa is a member of technet i will tell you a little that we represent 70 companies in the whole ecosystem we represent everything from visa which underpins so many great companies like air or b&b and we have software companies like oracle and cisco, facebook, google, yahoo!, i could go on. and also clean up against energy companies that make the data processing things be so does every single day work. i was talking about this with jim and right befor before the i asked what was the first card developed. >> in 1958 bank of america did an experiment called the fresno dropped to test what ha would he become the first general-purpose credit card. >> and what was the growth like over the next few years? syndicate was innovative in a sensdefense of the companies tht they do this test by 1960 they have a million customers in california and by 66 the 66 thee 2 million that's when they decided to update the effectively closed network that became visa so from 1966 to 70 they went to 100 million cards on the network. >> said technology field all of that coming too. >> it is the discussion that he will hear a lot of openin openin africa and the congress talked about innovation and opening. a lot of the companies would be as you mentioned they started off as very small ideas and then obviously it's very disruptive to a lot of the industries and iandindicates it is exactly what they did. >> when you think about the change you saw in the beginning of the last ten years of the amazing amount of growth we have seen a and how people think about money and commerce in the last ten years what is the biggest point that he would make about that? >> for me to outdate myself i searched fo the purchasing start off as a kid with my mom throwing four of us in the station wagon and started driving with all of us screaming up and down the aisles it was a process putting stuff back. then eventually queuing up at often times in that paper payments to check out the process wasn't what i would call very convenient certainly for her. now when we talk about the search and purchase you can replace the words with things like google and visa into the convergence is real. you mentioned companies that consolidated a set of steps into one action which is saying i want a car and everything is in there. you don't think about the payment it comes to you. you. this indicates that the payment what we're finding is that steps are combining into becoming easier and taking friction now effectively through software, mobile and the internet of things. >> one of the things that is fun talking to someone like jim did you get to take a peek around the corner of what is coming in your life so we talked a little bit about autonomous vehicles and things like that but i would like to talk a little bit more about how that is going to impact you personally in your day-to-day life. one of the things i'm excited about is the open pics coming up. we remember the great ads that we hear every two years now with visa being the partner from the olympics to get a lot of those and i'm super excited about that because every year i look forward to those ads and one of the things visa is doing this year is rolling out a lot of cool gadgets but they are going to hand out to all these people in the village so i was wondering if you could talk about that because it gives a good window into this is what people will experience this year but that's what all of us will be experiencing soon. >> mwe try to use it as a ecosystem where we can test some things and again as the congressman talked about in the next generation i don't think we realized how much of this is occurring as we sit here today through several devices whenever i think about the mobile payment for devices in between my samsung phone and these devices i've got probably at this pointr ten different ways i can pay as you mentioned it's a chance to push the envelope a little bit further. we have sponsored athletes and one of the things that they do that we are going to be testing another revision of the internet of things which is effectively this ring we will be giving a citizen is one of the ones we will be testing. >> how does that work when you think about how you secure payment because when you think about and the clothing you wear in thin thuringia where it's goo be able to handle all that data and purchasing securely how does that work? >> it's not just about convenience. electronics trust and the privacy issue to some degree the congressman talked about at all so in the case of all of these devices i have, the concept that waa concept thatwas introduced o years ago we all know that a debit carthe debitcard as a cred the challenge is in a connected world described probably don't go places the card has been stored at this point it's indifferent devices like my iphone and my samsung device. so we realiz realized in the wot is connected, you have to assume that bad things are going to happen. the pace of change, the number of devices, the number of places where there's a potential compromise point it's difficult to manage if you are trying to lock them down so the assumption is bad things will happen and how do you protect against things when they happen so that was one where the piece of plastic a added that one account number and all the devices i have here we've actually been digitally sending different credentials to each of the devices that is unique and it is bound to the device crypto graphically succryptographicalln the device is used we are looking for other data elements across the network when we make the decision to ensure that that is really that device. it is effective as a software card account number down to the device so if and when something does happen and someone tries to take the device o were actually steal the information, we know that it is actually supposed to come off of the device whether it is your car or the refrigerator and we will kill the transaction in real-time if we don't see the other data that we expect to see so the original is issued by the bank and is protected and if something bad does happen we kill that software-based credential in real-time so the consumer is protected into the merchant is protected into the trusted security of that ecosystem is ensured. >> you were talking about biometrics and where that is headed. can you talk about that with the audience, too? >> when you start to think about the things into the devices, the biometrics we have seen a ramp up in the capability of the biometrics identification on the real-time. the congressman talked about cars for example. we do think that there is a potential commercial potential for the connectivity of cars for all sorts of applications being the real world ones that solve the payments for the merchants and consumers and i don't see any of those heading out of the car and having to dip cards into stores to pay for fuel or in the case of the quick service restaurants like mcdonald's where the inside of the store has become much faster because of the electronic payment system that has moved to waiting for food for the outside of the store has changed because where are you going to automate. we think the connectivity will drive the opportunity for the commerce applications for the car to participate and then can actually transmit the payment date that the problem is identifying the car is one thing but identifying the driver is another thing. so we do think the biometrics will start to become a much bigger part of the payment process where there is something about you that identifies you to the device and the payment credentials. some of it is all beginning to come online. even the concept of the internet of things. i certainly go to th got to thee talk about things naming inanimate objects, cars, appliances, clothing, wearables. i would argue that he and the congress described in the way we talk about the internet of things pr part of th the nash ad we've already done pilots where we are working with under armour ads and events lasat an event ld a retail store we had employees and some clients actually register their handprints with some technology that's very fast and quick scan your fingers over the reader and then what he did is put a payment credentials on the clouds of things like uber. this quickly it identified me and because the payment credentials in th the cloudy actually authorized the transaction based on the credential that you have unloaded. so effectively all of the devices are faded away. can you give a good sense of the growth of the payments and how much we have seen in the past two or three years that they have come online and where it is headed. if you think about the history of the visa starting with 60,000 potential clients in 1958. there's 100 billion-dollar transactions and any stretch of the imagination is a good success story. the reason we get so excited about the internet of things as the help of the numbers come aso 3 billion cards and 50 years later you can see 20 to 50 billion connected devices all of which are effectively wrapped up in software that allows the personalization. it's the device that we have any piece of plastic that only works predominantly where you see some telecommunication signals generally speaking still plugged into the terminal that requires electricity and the way i try to mention that i get the opportunity at-large. effectively the franchise historically is to be constrained by where you see light. in the world that is moving to multiple devices, 7 billion plus smartphones and feature phones going from 20 to 50 billion of internet connected devices albeit like i said i'm cars and wearables etc., the opportunity just grows the order of magnitude and so as we sit here today because it is wrapped up in software card personalization aspect can become much more unique and customized. the opportunity honestly we are just scratching the surface for electronic payments. >> when you think about the home experience today and looking ten years down the road, how do you feel we will be interacting with gadgets in our homes? >> i actually built a home connected and commerce in one market innovation center facility, but if you think about it, we expose our preferences all the time, so i travel quite a bit and i told all of the major hotel chains with my preferences are. when you get to the hotel often times you have to tell them i like this kind of paper, i would like to pillows and this and that, so it hasn't carried all the way through to that fully personalized experience. in the connected home you are already starting to see the capabilities whether it is the doorsdoors, the lights, temperas kind of music. it's too hard to create that inside the house that we are already seeing what they can look like when people start to see those preferences that you have whether it is or how or when you travel effectively set up for you when you open up the door. the interface is going to get better. so today we have spoken in full on the smartphone or tablets to set these things up and we see it with the human interfaces like mentioned the amazon e-echo and alexa becoming more prominent if it is a text like interface or talking to things. and then more importantly, the trick is all the data you have two start to inform it of the experience soon as the computing power increases and the interface better we already have this covered the refrigerator and the egg carton will tell you when it's gone bad in what you need to order and it will be delivered to your house. the early days when i push a button has now become me talking to my amazon e-echo saying al-aqsa, send those to me and it's at my doorstep in the next day and then it will be the refrigerator telling you are doing it for you based on your preferences. so it is real and it's just a matter of using it. >> i think you also mentioned back to the car that you also see the pumps being able to recognize your car and set off blood flow -- >> it's not just limited to the car. we like to go immediately to technology to solve these problems and the congress was talking about the standards and small energy and what we found need to have a great consumer experience. we've actually again created experience and those who know the industry, our pumps are fairly close systems, they're not iot, internet devices. with some of our developers been able to open up the device and turn it into a cloud base device and store credentials on the cloud and you need to identify the car and still some limitations. we also use camera to identify the car. some use fast pass where you can drive through the toll. using that technology which you wouldn't think of the state of the art works better than a current state of the art. we are able to identify the car and turn the pump on. when you think about it from the fuel retail perspective, time is really money in terms of getting people through and not losing customers and driving by and getting them in the convenience store. >> it's such an exciting time, there's so much growth in the sector. when you think about what congress can to do to pave the way for this and make it smoother, what would your advice to congress be. >> i thought congress did a great job laying it out. without standards you end up fighting for the long things, as far as a matter of fact you don't here about what's in for the consumer even in the mobile payment which has been around in early days of ring tones. in the u.s. in particular we have always talked about the technology, is it going to be bluetooth energy and a lot is consumer merchant. and the reason it's been successful as it's been, for a very long time we have cooperated with competitors. we don't compete by confusing consumers and merchants. we don't swipe a visa card down, amex sideways, there's a consistency regardless of the consumer choice and as a result the industry flourished. when you start to compete on closing things down and becoming proprietary you often times lose benefit and as a result things slow down. standardization is something and quite honestly, don't legislate technology changes because as he said f the regulators get ahead of the industry, you know, worry about industry because quite frankly in my 17 years of visa, the one thing i refuse to do is redict the -- predict the future. if we had five years ago, none of us could have predicted that the major disruption from the internet and yet uber is the hot flash for open discussions. if you're in the hotel and business, air b and b is topic for discussion. the technology that companies have used to solve consumer points, happened as a result of smart people testing things in the market and even going back to early days of bank of america card, that was an experiment that the bank came up with. we know that the technology is changing quickly and there are a lot of smart people out there and to the extent that we we le legislate thing. you have bad actors on the marketing side to the question about who owns the data, i agree with them, the consumers own the data. there's legislation that rolls back the ability for a company to use data for good which is taking fraud out of the system. it could have real detrimental impact on both consumer and the convenience that we have been talking about all morning. >> absolutely, we do state policy advocacy too. part of what we try to do is protect the visa, a lot of other members from really bad legislation that's popping up in state capitols all across the country. you have well intentioned legislators all across the country trying to create legislation in the space and they're trying to, you know, protect consumers but at the same time baking all intended consequences and detrimental to security. visa does an amazing job. it's really -- the volume and the security of that -- that facility is incredible and your san francisco innovation center, i'm really looking forward to see that to interact in home experience. we are going to have a panel now moderated by the hill. i'm so excited to get to talk to you jim and i'm excited to see this in real-in real-time, thank you. [applause] >> i am pleased this morning to introduce justin brookman, technology research and investigation at the ftc and lead principal technical architect at a, -- at&t. >> fair enough. [laughter] >> that's all i'm saying. lets start with talking about the scope of internet of things. depending on which study you reference by 20 -- 28 to 30 billion devices connected. what kinds of devices are we talking about here and what is that growth going to look like? >> i think -- one of the things for something me, that growth, that number varies because a multitude of these devices are going to be used. we talked about the consumer side of things. but there's also industrial and automotives, health care, so there's a lot of different verticals that the connected devices are going to keep coming up with. that really, you know, creates a bit of ambiguity, but the fact is it is going to be in the billions. it's a large number of devices, for sure. >> so first, thanks for having me, second of all, standard ftc disclaimer, not necessarily the ftc. it's really a question of cost. right, the sense sores are much cheaper, we have the ability to get a lot more things than we ever did before. so ten years, it would have cost $100 to make a smart toaster and now 20 and now a few extra dollars. we have a smart toaster but what are the concerns and what does the consumer expect from the toaster. one is privacy, this device can collect a lot more information about me and transfer information about me. i have young kids. i go through a lot of toast at home and so am i going to start seeing ads on facebook. is that a good thing? the second and probably the biggest is security. once you connect something to the internet, it can be attacked, probed, it can be potentially really dangerous and then if you create a toaster, are you going to agree to service that toaster for the lifetime. are you going to be able to patch that and then the third bucket and issue of control. is this still really your toaster? you own the toaster but all the software inside, do you have control, can you fix it both on security and if there's some sort of cloud thinking that powers the toaster to remember my personal toast settings, what happens if the service is turned off? what do consumers expect out of this? >> those are all things that i hope we are going to sort of unpack as we go through. the discussion, what sort of impact is the fact that there are lots of different ways to connect these devices from the internet and what are the implications that there are a ton of different ways and what are the different ways of connecting? >> i think the ibc came up with a study where they talked about 50 billion devices which they estimated and maybe 10% was connecting over some sort of cellular network like at&t. we have multitude of devices, so security becomes very important because the way security on a cellular, security becomes very a big concern and it becomes worst with the different types of devices. >> yeah. that's right. no danger of updates. i'm not going to run android m or let alone mashmore than everyone lrch lrch orphan wrch. how safe is it? i don't really know and so actually i will talk for fcc for a moment, one thing that we announced yesterday is that we are actually doing a study of mobile phone securities because of the very issue. who is responsibility is it to update the software on this phone. is it google because android phone or samsung. is it, tmobile or ti. all devices are created by four or five different companies, many providing software for it, it does make the security picture a lot more complicated. >> as senator issa mentioned earlier, moe of the devices is low power, low processing power, the ability to put agent on that mandate it and software, that odds another piece of complexity. >> what expectations do consumers have that manufacturers are going to able to continue to provide support for those given devices, are those expectations being met right now? >> i think it depends on the vertical again. as he was mentioning, everybody is switching over in the couple of years, even apple are okay updating the phones for a few years and then they are done. you take something like connected and the average life cycle of a vehicle is around 17 years, so these mother and fatherrers have to ensure that for 17 years an average of 17 years those vehicles are updated securely and kept safe and secured. >> right. there's a story in the news about u how samsung had a screen on device and had api and would bring up google calendar. that's kind of cool, but then google changed the api and the blue screen on your refrigerator . so, you know, it's thinking through these issues. we are still in early days, you know, how would you make sure that you can deal with the fact that you're supporting google software that you have various ways that affect the internet that people are constantly probing and trying to find holes in. both white hat and gray hat and also malicious people. how you think about that going forward, we -- the security and internet of things is not quite there yet, i mean, even when companies invest like millions and millions on dollars into it, still very challenging. it's cheap and easy these days to connect something but security is hard and security is expensive and it's going to be a real challenge. >> you both hinted with the fact what security standard is and what is considered adequate protection is going to vary from vertical to vertical and device to device. my niece's smart barbie doesn't need protection than somebody's smart car does. >> you're right. smart barbie cannot kill people. that's absolutely right. every device does not need to have perfect security. what's a reasonable standard, though, our job is to enforce what a reasonable standard is and so far we are mostly picking the low-hanging fruit. we brought cases against connected baby monitors that had software misconfigured so anybody in the world could watch baby monitor. people are similar with shoden, search engine for the internet of things and you can see connected device that is have open ports, you can find a lot of website that is just collect all of the exposed cameras in the world for which are intended to be open and a lot probably not. >> and, you know, security is the main deterrent because of the state of iot there's not a lot of standards around it. and so we are seeing a lot of new iot deployments just because standards has built-in security like something like wi-fi. >> there's regulatory certainty -- >> it's going to get stronger as we move forward, as we go all newer technology, it's going to get stronger, as it sits currently with all the different connectivity options, you know, getting an lt connection is a close loop from the device to some back end rather than internet which attack surfaces are just huge. >> is part of the risk for consumers that you have because it's so much cheaper to build a connective device waiting into this that aren't traditional software manufacturers? >> absolutely. you'll be surprised the products people bring to our team and say, hey, we want to sell this and they have no experience building these devices and even major manufacturers, there was a hack, i think a couple of months ago all of the big three in detroit, mobile app was hacked and you could pull off user credentials from it and use it to unlock your car and get full access and they were not using simple software like security 101. that's very surprising. so if a major company can do that, these smaller companies that are just trying to get their products out -- >> you have to look at consumer electronic show in las vegas. 3d tv take up the world and take out and wearables have been successful. one of the main things was internet of things. i think there's falling on some of the problems like connected pregnancy tests. [laughter] >> maybe it's very good. [laughter] >> there could be value there. but i think there's this trend to connect everything and i'm fairly sure it's always well considered. and so looking at the security side of thing and privacy side too. >> right. last year around this time was people read the samsung smart tv, private policy and sounded like they were listening to everything you did. samsung listens to stuff in your home for voice recognition, people were like what, are they listening to every single word i say around my samsung tv? there's argument for it. i probably speak too quickly and samsung should listen to more of what i say to make voice recognition better. i don't want every single thing i say sent to servers and samsung and friends, whoever service providers, they have a log of everything that happens in my living room or bedroom. turns out samsung was not doing that. it's only when you hit the big green voice recognition button and that was consistent with user expectations. i think there's a big drive, well, we can collect stuff, let's collect stuff. i think there are having other stories in smart tv space where, you know, before like, a couple of years ago a tv was just a big box that showed me pictures. now it has software, it can do a lot more things and some of that is really good. i can connect netflix and hulu which i do and i love but also has potential to collect information about me and do people understand that the new tv i bought may be sending to, i don't know, advertisers, all the stuff that i watch. we are having a workshop on smart tv's in december this year. we are going to be looking at issues because there's been apprehension and uncertainty about what smart devices are doing. >> is there a gap about how consumer data is going to be collected and a box, i'm not going to read 300 pages of this but i will accept this? >> there's been a lot of discussion about privacy policies are inperfect devices. at the very least they should be detailed and provide transparency for people who do happen to read them like regulators, even then it's hard to get a sense of what's actually going on. a lot of times lawyers by nature risk givers and they don't necessarily know what people are going to be doing, we are going to collect stuff for reasons and even a very conscientious consumer going to read that might not necessarily know what is going on. put it in your privacy policy but sometimes data collections can be so surprising that even putting it in paragraph 40 of terms of service or privacy isn't going to be sufficient, it's shocking or contrary to normal expectations so the case back in 2010 or so against sears, installed the sears tool bar, i don't know. why not? they said deep in the privacy policy, by the way now everything you do in your browser home phoned to sears and we will watch what you do, i don't know why. including credit card information. fcc said no, that's well beyond what a tool might do. you have an obligation to say that up front. here in the united states because expectations are changing all of the time, we are still trying to figure out what our smart toaster is going to say and what we expect our smart tv and a lot of times they don't have screens, but a lot of times, you know, you don't have any way to find out what's going on. it's going to be a challenge to balance evolving expectations. >> let's talk about the control issue that you mentioned earlier. using the smart car as an example again, are there questions about what legal rights consumers are going to obtain in equivalent of changing oil and code. >> yeah, michigan passed a law about hacking a car. >> stiffed penalty. >> sure, that sounds bad. you know, is now changing your oil hacking a car, this is an issue like last year with john deere, you may own the physical car or the tractor, but we own copy right in all the stuff which is increasingly more of the car and stuff inside. do you have a right to repair your car? do you have a right to configure your car in new ways? and there are safety concerns there, maybe we don't want people to be tinkering, this is my car, i should be able to do with it what i want. i think that's all answer area where it's going to be some conflict between normal expectations and, you know, people have always done with their own stuff and often cloud data processing that may be completely opaque. >> and people have been doing it for, you know, decades now ever since we've had issues. >> and we will leave the discussion to go live to today's white house briefing with josh earnest, this is just getting underway. >> happy friday. glad it's finally here. we can go straight to your question. kathy, would you like to start? >> i'm going to start with administration letter on -- [inaudible] >> okay. i thought you you might. >> have you had a chance to respond to governor -- [inaudible] >> the administration is doing everything it can do -- this is about dividing -- it's going to divide the country and keeping the federal government out of local issues? >> yes, i think this underscores the risk of electing a right-wing radio host to a statewide elected office. so let's just walk-through the facts here. the first is guidance issued by the department of education and the department of justice. in response to requests for information and guidance from school administrators across the country, just last week, for example, the national association of secondary school principals put forward a specific formal reasonable care of the department of education about how to create respectful inclusive environment that school administrators across the country are seeking to maintain. these principals want to make sure they are acting consistent with the law and they saw guidance because they're not interested in a political argument, they're actually interested in practical suggestions about how they confront this challenge that they face every day. so let's just be clear about what's included in the guidance, the guidance does not add additional requirements to the applicable law. the guidance does not require any student to use shared facilities when schools make alternate arrangements but what the framework does provide is advice for how school administrators can protect the dignity and safety of every student under their charge and that advice includes practical, tangible, real-world suggestions to school administrators who have to deal with those issues. they can't rely on political arguments that are framed to solution to a problem that nobody can prove exists. they actually have to deal with the responsibility that they have to promote an inclusive respectful environment for all of their students. and what the department of education has issued today is specific tangible, real-world advice and suggestions to school administrators across the country of how exactly they can do that. >> you wouldn't argue -- it seems like the administration is also trying to paint this as a civil rights' issue, right? [inaudible] >> racial segregation. >> i think it was talking about enforcement action that the department of justice announced with regard to a specific law that was passed by the state of north carolina. in this instance, this is not an enforcement action. as i pointed out, this does not add additional requirements to any school district or state under the applicable law. this is in response to extensive requests for guidance and for information and advice that have been put forward by school administrators and teachers and in some cases even parts who are seeking practical solutions to this challenge and the challenge here is not to isolate anybody, it's not to discriminate against anybody, it's not to make anybody unsafe, it's actually to ensure that our schools are as inclusive and respectful and safe as they can possibly be. and that's why the guidance that we have put forward includes tangle, specific suggestions for how that can be achieved. so let me just give you one example, there are some school districts across the country that have thought to enhance the privacy by making minor changes, in some cases just putting up curtains so people are -- have more privacy when they're changing their clothes or taking showers than what previously been shared facilities. that's something that benefits all students and that's what we are looking for, solutions that protect the safety and dignity of every single student in the school. >> and in some schools individuals decided not to follow the guidance. there is a threat -- >> if there are schools, first of all let me just state that it is my strongly held believe that the vast majority of schools and school districts and school administrators across the country will welcome this guidance and will implement it. for those that don't, there's established process for them to erase any concerns that they may have and, you know, there's an established process and we will go through it. but the vast majority of schools and school administrators will incorporate this advice as they confront the challenge of ensuring that they're promoting the kind of respectful, safe learning environment that can ensure the success of all of their students. >> i'm going to switch topics. >> okay. >> chairman rogers is saying you put together a measure and he didn't put a dollar amount but well under what you asked -- [inaudible] >> 1.1 trillion, are you willing to accept 1.1 trillion? >> well, i guess i haven't seen the details related to chairman rogers' proposal. i think what i would encourage him to do, if there's still time, he could consult with the public health professionals that the administration talked to in putting forward our funding requests for what is necessary to protect the american people from the zika virus. times wasting and you saw that from the graph we put. as the weather warms up, mosquito population grows, the risk to pregnant women all across the country grows. so it's a long-path time for chairman rogers, he's the chairman of the house appropriations committee, when our public health professionals say they need resources to protect the american people, they're looking exactly at chairman rogers to see exactly what he is doing. three months after we put our proposal that he comes forward with a much smaller one that's inconsistent with recommendations of public health professionals and also democratic governors across the country that they needed urgent congressional action to provide the necessary resources to keep the american people safe. so before that proposal is put forward i would encourage the chairman to consult with governors who are responsible for the safety and citizens of their state and public health professionals who have taken a look at this and understand exactly what can be done and what should be done to ensure the safety of the american people and particularly pregnant women and their babies. >> top military commander and i'm wondering does the administration have any understanding of -- of who is responsible for that and any comments on what impacts this may have on the group? >> i've certainly seen reports that mutafa was killed in syria. we noted the fact that preparations are underway for his funeral. hezbollah top military commander in june of 2011, special tribunal charged him with 2005 attack that killed former prime minister. in september of 2012, united states em posed sanctions against hezbollah leaders in part to expose hezbollah support for the assad regime and conduct ing terrorist attacks in syria and lebanon. we've noted that the syrian regime and hezbollah have a long military alliance and hezbollah leaders have previously sought safe haven in syria and have bought weapons from hezbollah to syria. so we've seen the reports of his death, i can't independently confirm them. and i guess the thing that i can confirm is that there were no u.s. or coalition aircrafts in the area where he was reported to be killed. but i can't further confirm the report. >> can you speak to what impact this will have on -- [inaudible] >> we know that the assad regime relied heavily on hezbollah for military support in the ongoing chaos inside of syria and the assad regime and assad has personally benefited from the activities that hezbollah has carried out. so it's hard for me to draw any firm conclusions about what operational impact this would have, but obviously the concerns that we have previously expressed about hezbollah i think are consistent with our ongoing efforts to reduce the violence inside of syria and get all of the parties including the assad regime to abide by the seize fire. we want to bring political solution into the chaos inside of syria. >> how concern is the administration about the legal challenges? [inaudible] >> and can you speak to -- you said very clearly the vast majority of schools will implement the guidance, but for those that don't, what happens with them, is the administration going to follow up with them and punish them in some way? >> there's an established process for schools and the department of education to discuss guidance that they have been provided. i want to reiterate and this is important for people important on the legal aspect of this, there's no additional requirement that under the applicable law that's being imposed on schools, there's just not despite the claims of political opponents of the administration. there's the strong desire on the part of some politicians to try and squirt political points by presenting a solution to a problem that they can't prove exists. and what the administration has tried to do is to provide at the request of school administrators practical real-world advice that they can use in their school communities to address this challenge. those are -- that's the practical offering that we have put forward here. that's a lot different than what -- than the argument that others are making, for example, is the texas attorney general suggesting somehow that it would be practical to station a law enforcement officer outside of every public bathroom in an educational facility and check people's birth certificates on the way in? that doesn't sound like a practical application. it sounds like intrusion. what exactly is the practical argument or suggestion that they are making? i understand that they have sharp political arguments that were over years of morning drive time radio in houston. but school administrators don't have the benefit of just talking, they should have a functional responsibility to protect the safety and dignity of every student of their school and the vast majority take that respobled quite seriously. okay. move around. gregory. >> a lot of times when a guidance or regulation comes from a federal agency, it's portrayed as a white house action. could you address what this transgender-bathroom issue, does this come from the white house, how unitary is -- i guess what i'm asking is, is the white house and the obama administration sononymous? >> they have to consider a broad-range of policy implications for schools all across the country. so this is the responsibility of the department of education, but you would expect the white house to be responsible for coordinating policy decisions that are made by agency, so, of course, the white house was aware of the policy deliberations that have been underway at the department of education for quite some time but ultimately this is the responsibility and the function of the department of education and they are the ones who received a request from schools all across the country and they are putting forward guidance for how schools can deal with this particular situation. okay. ron. >> what is the rationale that the administration has come to to base this guidance on -- [inaudible] >> well, i'm happy to be overruled by an attorney at the department of justice or the department of education that you can consult after this hear -- or after the breaking, but let me try. [laughter] >> my understanding is that title 9 applies specifically to preventing sex discrimination and the idea that individuals are discriminated against because of their gender identity is the basis for guidance that we are putting forward. nobody should be discriminated against because of who they are and our suggestion is that the rules should apply to everybody equally and that's the basis of this guidance, that every student should have access to facilities that every other student has access to. nobody should be discriminated against because of who they are, that's the basis of this guidance. that's also why we say no student is forced to use shared facilities and if there are alternate facilities available that are made available by administrators then every student should have access to those as well. >> why should local communities be making the very intimate decisions? what -- why should the -- how does the federal government know what's best in so many different communities where there are different cultural sensitivities, why is this not a local matter? >> it is a local matter, that is exactly the position of the obama administration. the federal government is providing specific suggestions based on examples that we have collected from across the country and the guidance is presented. it is not an additional requirement under the applicable law, it doesn't provide any obligation to a student, for example, to use a shared facility rather what it does is we have consulted with schools all across the country and surfaced good suggestions, good examples. in some cases even best practices for addressing this situation. that's -- that's the essence of guidance that -- the essence of the coordinating role this the department of education plays, at the same time, ron, there's a long history of the federal government playing a very important role making sure people aren't discriminated against. >> what exactly is the -- how does this apply to the transgender community specifically now? >> this is a good example of what i was just talking about. there's a new rule that is part of the affordable care act that prohibits discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, gender identity, age or disability and it ensures that individuals with limited english proficiency can have access when they are seeking health care. again, a basic responsibility of the federal government and this has been true throughout our nation's history as ensuring that the people aren't discriminated against. that's particularly true when it comes to health care as well. that's true of of any potential sex discrimination but also as relevant to discrimination that could be targeted for people, targeted at people because of their race, because of perceived disability, because somebody is pregnant, because somebody doesn't speak english very well, we believe that people should be treated the same and afforded the same type of opportunities regardless of these specific individual characteristics. [inaudible] >> isn't that news, isn't that different? >> all of what i have layed out is part of the rule that's been issued today. >> what was the harm in terms of the transgender? was there some identifiable problem out there that required this clarification or augmentation to the rule? >> ron, it's much broader than just applying to the transgender community but the transgender community is included in the same way we want to prevent discrimination against pregnant women, we want to make sure that we are preventing discrimination against transgender women, in the same way we are preventing people who don't speak english very well or people who have a specific disability. we want to make sure that transgender men are not discriminated against either. >> some concern in that community about access to transition drug and medication and services, was that something that the administration was concerned about in terms of trying to, i guess, refine this rule? >> i guess in terms of the way that it has an impact on individual health care decisions, i would refer you to human services for answering that question. but, look, the idea behind this specific rule is to prevent discrimination against -- against a wide-range of groups. >> one of the areas, there are reports of immigration raids that are happening, you heard even secretary clinton and senator sanders comment on this. [inaudible] >> huge raids through may and june rounding up women and children, people across the country in significant numbers, is that true? is there something different happening now? >> well, this is -- this is an excellent question. we are talking about adhs enforcement action. there are some limitations to what i can say. let me help you understand exactly the policy that dhs is implementing. the first is and this is something that secretary johnson has said, that the operations that are underway are merely the continuation of operation that is were announced in january and in march. and those operations are conducted under the guidance that president obama and secretary johnson put in place in november of 2014. and that is guidance that made a priority of individuals who are convicted criminals or otherwise a threat to public safety or individuals who were apprehended after crossing the border after january 1st of 2014, we have made clear that our priorities people who pose a threat to the community, people who are convicted criminals or people who have only recently crossed the border. those priorities remain in place and those priorities are followed even as these operations continue. let me say two more things. the first is no one is removed if they have an ongoing pending claim or appeal for asylum or humanitarian relief. people are given access to due process and that is a foundational principle for all of this. the only people who are the targets of these operations are people who are subject to an order by immigration court for removal and people who have also said in addition to being subject to that order have exhausted any potential claims that they have for humanitarian relief. the last thing is dhs enforcement agents also follow, what i understand it to be, long standing guidance that ensure that is these operations are not conducted in sensitive places. these operations are not conducted in schools or hospitals or places of worship, for example. >> no reason to fear that the number of deportations are going to increase or spike, whatever words you want to use, now because there's some sort of specific operation underway that's different than what normally happens around the border? >> what secretary johnson has described is that the operations that are underway now are administration of operation that is were previously announced. but, look, i think we would anticipate that the deportation numbers would continue to go up. the administration is serious about enforcing the law and i recognize that the political opponents don't like to recognize the fact but we have made clear how we are going to use law enforcement resources to enhance our border security and to enhance the security of communities across the country, most importantly we are going to enforce our laws and this is something that president obama is committed to and the truth is we would have a whole lot more resources to do exactly that if republicans in the house of representatives had not blocked comprehensive immigration reform legislation that did include historic investment in border security but we do not enjoy benefits of the border security today because house of representatives blocked the passage of that legislation. >> lastly, political opponents, some of the people objecting to this or raising concerns is secretary clinton and senator sanders who i wouldn't think are political opponents. >> political opponents suggest that president obama is not enforcing the law. that's the point that i'm making. that's the reason why we are having this conversation right now. okay. anita. leslie, i'm sorry. >> that's okay. that's fine, thanks. i had a couple of questions on the standard guidelines. given north carolina's house bill 2 that's part of this is headed to the courts whierk did the white house feel to put out directive? >> this is a directive that's responsive to requests that we have received all across the country from administrators, teachers and others, this is not a response to the ongoing legal dispute related to hb2, this is a response to requests of the department of education has received from teachers and administrators all across the country. >> you talked about being careful of not putting the if i thinker on the scale, doesn't this sort of suggest that you're putting -- >> we have been quite clear about the need to keep enforcement actions separate from my sort of political interference. this is not enforcement action. this is a policy decision, and the white house was responsible for incorporating but ultimately to make the policy decision and to communicate it to the schools and administrators all across the country notably it's not an enforcement action. it does not add a requirement to the applicable law and it doesn't pose any requirements on students for the use of facilities. >> one other question i had, you mentioned, you were asked about the lieutenant governor thomas and said it runs -- risk of electing a right-wing radio host. >> yeah. [laughter] >> yes, i did. >> given that the white house last year when the supreme court ruled on same-sex marriage -- [inaudible] >> how much of this was a political consideration in doing these guidelines? >> well, i think as i pointed out before, the guidelines contained practical advice and suggestions for school administrators across the country that have to deal with this challenge inside their communities. they don't have the luxury of relying on political arguments that are an attempt to scrie the score some political points that propose to address the solution to a problem that doesn't actually exist. these are schools administrators who are trying to do the right thing, they are trying to promote of dignity and security for the students and their schools and so what the department of education has put forward are practical suggestions for how exactly they can do that consistent with civil rights' law. >> even though it's been held by a number of organizations as a same-sex law. >> i'm not surprised to hear people that we shouldn't discriminate, i think most americans agree with that notion. that's part of why i anticipate that school administrators across the country will welcome this guidance. look, i will also say i think administrators across the country who don't agree with the politics of this administration will also welcome suggestions because they recognize they have a challenge that they have to deal with and that frankly, they don't have the luxury of engaging in a partisan political argument with a right-wing radio host. what they have to do is provide for the safety and dignity and safety for the students under their care. this gives useful tools for considering a range of option that is that can do to do exactly that. so this has very little to do with politics except or our critics who want to make this entirely about politics. this administration is interested in providing workable solutions who are trying to provide for the safety and dignity of students under their care, thanks, leslie. mark. >> josh, is this the intention of the administration that the guidance letter be seen as a threat to deny federal funds to school districts that don't comply with the policy decisions as interpreted by doe and doj? >> no, they should not be viewed that way. they should be viewed as guidance, as specific suggestions and framework for dealing with a very straight-forward challenge, how the school administrators all across the country ensure that they're protecting both the safety and dignity of every single student at the school. it's as simple as that. what the department of education has done is they have drown on their own internal expertise and drawn on the creative solutions that have been implemented by school administrators all across the country to put all that good information in one place and provide some practical advise to school administrators who are trying to solve this problem and that's a good thing. i think what is true, what is undeniably true is the foundation of that guidance is the principle that people shouldn't be discriminated against just because of who they are, and school administrators don't have a glamorous job. these are individuals who i think in most cases feel quite passionate about their work, they do their work as a calling, they're looking to prepare the next generation of americans to succeed and they want to create a learning environment where every student can feel safe, where every student can feel included, where every student can feel respected, that's what the vast majority of school administrators are interested in and the vast majority of administrators are going to use guidance, carefully consider the suggestions put forward by the department of education and put forward a solution that works in their community. that's the way this should work. >> could you see some might see the guidance letter as an implied threat of funds being mentioned under provision of title 9, obligated to comply with the provisions that are stated forth in the guidance letter. >> there is a desire in the guidance to be as clear as possible about why this guidance is being issued, but look, our -- it's quite clear what we are interested here. the department of education is interested in providing guidance and suggestions to school administrators who are trying to do the right thing, that right thing is preventing people to be discriminated against and also make sure that every single student in their school has their safety and their dignity protected. >> another issue, do you have any further guidance on the legislation? >> i do not. this is -- this is the middle of world war ii air force veteran pilots. i do not believe that we have received it from congress yet but we will be tracking that and keep you posted on the status, but the president doesn't intend to sign pit. >> you said that yesterday. do you know why the president could not have as commander in chief directed the army to allow these women without legislation? >> i don't know exactly how the law works. i don't know. we certainly welcome to make use exercise of that authority unnecessary because congress passed a law making it possible. >> thanks. >> chris. [inaudible] >> i'm sorry? i know, man. >> yesterday you said that there was a determination as a result of all the agency review that there will be in loss of federal funds at this time but at the same time guidance on transgender students is issue, isn't that sending a mixed message? >> i don't think it's a mixed message. it's important for people to understand what's happening here. this guidance that was put forward by the department of education does not impose any new requirements under the applicable law. it's guidance issued to school administrators and school districts all across the country. the conversation that we have been having over the course of the week has been centered largely on the state of north carolina and what impact their law could have on their compliance with the civil rights act. it was relate today a specific piece of legislation that was passed almost literally in dark of night. it was sign it had same day by the governor. and rebuke from business leaders in north carolina and business leaders who are contemplating doing business in north carolina has been forceful. i think it's an indication that the legislation that was passed by the state legislature is much broader than educational setting. you know, the situations are quite different. i think they do illustrate how consistent and forceful this administration has been about fighting against the idea that people could be discriminated against because of who they are. that's a principle the president does feel strongly about. .. >> that decision was not influenced by white house officials. the notification that was distributed by the department of education is not an enforcement action. it was a policy decision that included some white house involvement but was the responsibility of the department of education. >> given the major component that transgender students in north carolina are prohibited from using the restrooms due to gender identity, then doesn't that necessarily mean that even if schools choose not to follow this guidance that they will not suffer a loss of federal funds? >> what this says is, well, the way this works is that if the our schools, and i think they will be in the minority budget our schools across the country that do come forward and indicate they did not intend to be in for pints with this guidance and there's established process for litigating those differences with the department of educati

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