>> thank you, rebeca grynspan. [applause] >> i was going to come back to you later to share with us the latin american experience. i hope we have time to do that because some of the fundamental points on growth without inclusion and marble -- mar generalization the personal the encroachment into the ecological balance in latin america seems to reflect poorly on the transformation and the miracle happening in latin america but coming to be point. you have been one of the leading painters of a very rosy picture about an african resurgence. mckenzie brought up a number of ridings during the last year reflecting on the african lion and you participated in some of the literature. you are leading advocate of the view of president obama that this is africa's moment. that africa is ready to tailor development. you see some very key -- that support the resurgence of africa. can you share your perspective on what you have this optimistic picture about a new research and africa? >> in 1960 people like to see decanted before. in 1981 i went to ghana and found a different experience. the military power and economic -- it began with the economic advance. then the political -- the gdp -- which of course -- one condition. ability to continue to rule in that country and institutions continued to be stable and issues of infrastructure but above all gonna manages its new -- for me these critical issues and agenda -- it is not the same as before. from around 2,000 effort that momentum. and the demographic changes. a young population, rising middle-class with discussion of incomes. those are facts on the ground. in the political arena, and other nations of interest. until my friends were here things were happening in f that those of you who don't deal with it wouldn't see. but from all over the world we don't understand -- i am talking about equivalents of investors. if you were looking at greek bonds or some other european countries you can make a difference. the african risk has been -- we have results including with growth and managing natural resources, ensuring the government will follow as we were mentioning but i am confident. >> thank you. could i bring the rest of the participants to share their insight? anyone with a burning question? >> two questions or actually three. one is on the chinese in africa. you also mentioned the famine in the horn of africa. i understand food for african countries who have more of an option in who they deal with but at the same time we also see large pieces of land are being leased out for chinese to grow their own products or plants for biofuel. the famine in the horn of africa was human made. this also had to do with the way we are promoting economic growth and the way africa deals with china in making large projects that support economic growth. also from holland doing business in africa but not necessarily good for the farmers or herdsmen being pushed aside. that is my first question. i don't think it is nervousness. it is concern. my second question would be to what extent they take into account demographic changes when so many young people in africa, you think that is an opportunity or a risk for development in africa? my third question would be to rebeca grynspan. shea talked-about the economic theory but at the same time the entities came in because of the response to the structural adjustment program. i still fear that the reduction strategy for the world bank are emphasizing structural adjustment and not always -- there's lip service to social sector and separate that from economic growth. the private sector doesn't need healthy people barricaded to work for them. >> i think that is enough. >> a fourth question. toomey -- to me the lesson of tunisia is not just inclusive growth and all that. it is unemployment and frustrated resentment. i would love to hear from both our panelists. do they think that is a problem? is it one that now needs to be tackled? what can be done and if it is not done the growing number of big money interests going to prevent the democracy to tackle those issues? thank you. >> thank you very much. i am co-chair of the network of academy of science. i was also a former -- i just want to bring in the voice of the scientific and technological community which has been quite absent from the discussion. we all understand without proper investment in science and technology there will be no growth. this is one of the key problems in poor countries. property investment and education. i was in lisbon attending the annual meeting of the african policy and very delighted that for the first time they are dealing with high education, science and technology in africa. my question is to highlight the key issues the purchase will -- >> very interesting question. your very strategic. >> thank you very much. i am with the governing council. my question is directed to donald kaberuka in the context of a role of leadership and development in africa. throughout africa's history we have seen examples of good leadership and the impact that had. a number of examples, nelson mandela, ahead the privilege of visiting rwanda last december and was quite impressed with genuine progress in light of the tragic past. what i would like to know in all the we discussed so far the extent to which leadership is important and what is your prognosis for the future and the role that leadership will continue to play in development. >> let's start with rebeca grynspan. when you talk about the role of leadership, brazil for example has seen remarkable leadership over the last few years. if you could give us very quickly perspective on the economic transformation that has taken place in latin america and yet you do have these clashes, erosions in terms of the emerging inequalities, in terms of the environmental concerns that go with this kind of development. and respond to the question of education. talking to my friend who was kenyan and teaching at the school of government, his doctoral thesis was from brazil and he raised some fundamental issues regarding the role of science and technology in bringing about social and economic transformation in the developing world and the importance of education. donald kaberuka would also like to respond to that question. >> let me clarify the impression -- i want to clarify. i think the mpgs were great. if we didn't do it -- the agenda was great. i think the target, it cracks progress where the millennium federation was more than the target. in the goals the play of economic reality is more routine because you have this different agenda. one for economic growth -- we need to bring them together but not forgetting the mpgs. bring them to the center of the economic policies. that was my point. in latin america let me say first the main factor that we forget for the transformation of latin america up is democracy came to let america big-time. you have in latin america a strong democratic continent where the framers of democracy for more equality and distribution came about because we think about the voice of the people was heard much more for education and health improvement and policy intervention that makes the economy grow so when you look at what has been done in latin america and not only about economic growth but the decline of inequality the conclusion is inequality was not a natural thing but because of the intervention of the states with public policy for that to happen. so my first point is a democracy is a big part of latin america. not a small part. the expansion of education is the second major factor. the third factor is we have seen macroeconomics sound and financial policies from our crisis in the 80s. more growth was introduced of two types. on the one hand the transfer of resources to support by the sectors -- cash transfers well-designed in a way people i latin america halted with a very important part of the sector. just two points left coinciding with the question. one is that the youth challenge in latin america, let me give you only one number. one of every four young people in the region -- if that is not exclusion of a don't know what exclusion is. you have 25% of the young between 15 and 24 years old. out of the labour market in the education system. it is a huge problem that will need much more effort. by the second one we avoid the middle income and part of avoiding the middle income truck is the issue of science and technology. to come to an agenda of knowledge and technology. latin america is behind asia in the investment in science and technology and something that goes with it that is beyond the expansion of education to go to the next step that is the expansion of education for science and technology agenda. >> thank you. a question about food and security and how we manage climate change particularly -- in the horn of africa all the way to northern kenya but also questioned about demographic positions. in your current economic outlook report you make a great deal of reference -- the impact it might have on social stability in africa also related to the question of education. give your perspective on that. >> beginning with the question of leadership, would you prefer a ship reaching clients or a lion reading ship? leadership is important. it is even decisive. a critical factors institutions. leadership is something with any human persona. a human being can go from very good to very bad. or the one other way around. it would pass for other countries. or some other reasons--because in future we are week. it is critically important that leadership but even more important strong institutions. for me -- for me institutions are critical. china and africa natural resources. it is important to manage natural resources because they are gospel. whether you are trading with asia or the americas or europe these resources become -- would be exhausted at some point. to build an industrial base reproductive base in the long term they should avoid simply being -- that applies -- you have oil exporting countries over the poverty line. the economy feeds into productive capacity with agriculture and studies. i want to be clear. writing about india, he said the problem with entitlements. a group of people -- or some other issues. failure of policy in the horn of africa, the longest question. and the failure of african leaders are included. how do we resolve the issue? and the long term plan -- we are prepared to work with -- other international institutions with a long-term plan but the question is -- the issue about land grabs bloopers the country's groping for their own people. as opposed to investing in africa for democracy. including the market. it is something we must work on. that is done already in terms of -- will not raise? coming to african land to export food, that is problematic. and water which in the future could be an issue. economic condition for africa to look at these relationships and those practices exist and i hope we can find a way to encourage investment in the interests in the future. >> what about the youth? >> my brother said that inequality is more than inequality. to nietzsche -- tunisia was the failure of the model that will give your education and even jobs as much on the democratic side. that is okay for some time but a youth educated could not go for long. the night before they left power, but educated people denied them access to knowledge. for me the failure of the model was the biggest thing. it follows inequality, exclusion, and it is over these issues and part of a financing package for the recovery in tunisia. >> we're left with two minutes. what i am going to do is ask for your last word. rebeca grynspan, give us your last word in terms of what you think the site of international development should learn in terms of development thinking. there is a competing idea and competing models. sid is in surge in terms of -- what would your advice to the information development in terms of its development thinking? >> the sid has been a force of ideas and evidence based research which drive the discussion. development is about discussing different alternatives about opening up the options and i think the role societies can play in that field is enormous and we should avoid going back to a discourse that has the answer for everything and there's only one way of xhwil a moral renewal clear for the development community. my last thought is let's never forget the short and long term start at the same time so at the same time that we took somalia over this crisis how to avoid the crisis for the future. >> to avoid the crisis in future but there is immediate humanitarian need to support from this congregation. i think we should show our support to the humanitarian cause in somalia and the rest of the horn of africa. those who are able to contribute, i hope the secretary can do this. this is an appeal from rebeca grynspan and i totally endorse it. particularly advice to the international development? how would you see sid moving forward playing a role in this dynamic? development thinking? >> thank you very much. to enforce what dr. wilson says, it is not just about this. we have to save lives. this does not come as a surprise. we have been in this crisis for six months. i don't think it is the last time it will happen. i think the best thing is -- let us work together ensuring that the horn of africa has not seen this tragedy in coming years. that begins by political action by african people on somalia. the longest crises on the african continent. i have seen our friend later. the last 50 years, to measure events like the collapse of the berlin wall and lehman brothers and in-between there were quite different. international development has an agenda which is up to the center. you have done a good job in advocacy and what to do for africa. it is what can we do for africa? first of all it is unlikely that the suffering fiscal retrenchment, unemployment, for the investment we have to make, but it gives other possibilities. how do we get africa to unload -- taking advantage of these possibilities -- africans working with you instead of the international community doing something for africa and find it is an agenda which would be on the continent and what happens -- stable institutions that work for all. confidence to investors and foreign investors in that agenda. >> thank you very much indeed. [applause] >> can we now formally give a huge clapped whar two panelists? to our two panelists? [applause] >> thank you so much indeed. [inaudible conversations] >> that figure removing the veil of ignorance from human understanding is an american invention. not a classical venture but sort of classical. >> if you missed c-span's latest documentary the library of congress there's a preview on c-span's youtube channel. it is free. be notified of the latest videos and watch the library of congress documentary and hundreds of other timely videos online at youtube.com/c-span. >> a few live events c-span2. republican congressman king jordan speaks to members of the young america foundation. ohio rep heads the republican study committee came under criticism for discouraging fellow republicans from voting for house speaker john boehner's initial debt ceiling plan. that is at 9:00 a.m. eastern. at 12:15 eastern a conference on retirement. we will hear from a treasury department official involved in helping to implement the 2010 health care law and promoting retirement savings. later on the homeland security subcommittee looks at the costs and management concern of property leasing for the federal agencies. that is live at 2:3 eastern. >> executive director for the nfl and nba players unions on wednesday took part in a discussion of collective bargaining rights in sports. the nfl ended a lockout by agreeing to a ten year deal that resulted in dispute over revenue-sharing and players' rights. the nba lockout of players on july 1st after a recent labor deal expired. on tuesday the nba filed a claim against the national basketball players union for unfair labor practices. the national bar association hosts this 1 hour and 15 minute event. >> on behalf of the national bar association want to welcome everyone to the executive director's forum. we know about the major role in american society. we look forward to sunday during football season and we look forward during the week and on the weekend when the nba comes. the industry naturally has developed into a multibillion dollar industry. two of the biggest sports are football and basketball. the two attorneys who happen to hold both players together a two african-american attorneys. mr. william hunter and mr. lamar smith of the nba and nfl respectively. today we have mr. william hunter. he took the helm of the nba players association in 1996 and named executive director of the national basketball players association. the union of current professional basketball players's principal duty is to enhance financial education and emotional well-being of 430 nba players. mr. hunter continues to line his efforts with the nba's issues to insure the rights of nba players are protected and every measures taken to assist players in maximizing their opportunities on and off the court. under his leadership the nba players utilize their collective bargaining power to challenge how the nba is run and the method in which money is generated. serving as chief negotiator during high-profile negotiations which culminated in the 1999 collective bargaining agreement. what a lot of people don't understand is mr. hunter is also the head of the w. nba players association and as an organization he created and they also serve the women nba players. mr. hunter arrived well prepared for the high visibility role of the renowned sports union. his diverse background includes a stint as professional football player with the washington redskins and miami dolphins and is former u.s. attorney in the northern district of california and san francisco. mr. hunter graduated from turkish university where he was captain of the football team and received his doctorate from howard university. he was also a local prosecutor in alameda county and san francisco district attorney's office. he was appointed as u.s. attorney in 1977 and after serving as u.s. attorney he developed a private practice representing white collar clients and represented such individuals as san francisco mayor willie brown, mc hammer, deion sanders, ricky sanders and and athletes and entertainers. join me in welcoming mr. billy hunter. [applause] >> i credit mr. smith. mr. smith was elected executive director of the national football league players association on march 16th, 2009. he replaced gene upshaw who passed away on august 20th, 2008. his election -- prior to his election he was a trial lawyer and litigating partner, native of washington d.c.. mr. smith served from 1991 to 2000 as u.s. attorney in the district of columbia u.s. attorney's office including service and senior prosecutor in the violent crimes section in the major crimes section of the office. mr. smith served as counsel to deputy attorney general eric holder. he was u.s. attorney's office lead representative to the law enforcement committee and served as u.s. secret service multi agency command center during the 2001 presidential inauguration. during his time mr. smith focused primarily on white-collar criminal defense and liability trials and also share of the firm government investigation and white-collar practice groups. mr. smith argued numerous cases before the u.s. court of appeals and the district of columbia circuit and district of columbia court of appeals where he defended individuals in high-profile criminal cases and congressional investigations as well as fortune 500 companies and criminal complex civil cases. compliance matte