This didnt and the lead tie lsu root this pain in our hearts. What does that mean . It comes from a quotation that i know by heart by now but i dont pettis said it to 1945 after the spanish civil war had ended decos of the like this. Men in my generation always had spain in their hearts. If courage was not its own reward for Something Like that spee6 tv comedy americans bought in the spanish civil war . Approximately 2800 member volunteers from over 50 countries of those facilities hidta he did my from bath and that fit is a higher death toll percentage wise in the u. S. Military had been either world war spee6 team why was this war fought quick speed beckett began very suddenly and lasted until april april 1939 it was extraordinarily one bloody. Heres why began essentials be. Spain for many centuries had been a monarchy. And in more recent times of the military dictatorship in 1931 they left the country and held elections and rejoiced with a democracy and there was great hopes for reform. Between rich and pour disparities with q distastes and many peasants had little or no land. A coalition of this was absolute powerful to those rightwing forces with the spanish republic in the spanish civil war. County people live in spain quick. Preferably 22 million spee6 dean what type of group was in the leadership then . The elected leadership were from the of liberal democrats whom were at that time a small number of communist the generals that led these revolts very quickly emerged as the leader they represented a much older spain they wanted to restore with when and odors with notes trappings of democracy at all. To do away with the elections orlean reform and hand education back to the church because of the secular process that begins to take education not of the hands of the church. The Catholic Church in spain by far was the most reactionary in europe. As the army rebels call themselves that men and women should be segregated in education it was very strong on religion and not much else. So they were diametrically opposed what they wanted spain to be cspan i will show video he won but how long was he the head of spain . Guest the war early 1939 and remained dictator of the country close to absolute power for the remainder of his life which was 26 years. He died all the 1975 and ruled with an iron fist right through the end torture was routine through the very end no elections no free press or free trade cspan lets look at at heouedik speaking eangpash. T11 what is the worst thing he did to his people . You can see right there that everybody must be united to lexpress of popular role this way to do what i say and the worst thing he did was to extinguish any type of expression of democratic feelings with dissent in the press through the existence of the civic organizations however participation in anything with the trappings of belongings even if something is very nonpolitical or if you crack given a Montessori School or rotary club all these things were forbidden because it was International Nine spanish word innovations he wanted to institute a totalitarian rule that was not dissimilar to other forms of totalitarian rule like the soviet union or not see germany or fascist italy somewhat different from the others that the Catholic Church had such a huge role but it was a totalitarianism cspan if youre watching this as an american you dont care about spain so what relationship does your book have to the American People greg. If we go back to the 1930s, one of the things on the minds of people a round the world was an ominous sense that fascism was on the rise in europe. Hiller had come to power in 1933 even so the need had already been in power since the 20s and italy 1935 mussolini had created a colony in ethiopia that finally came to an end 1936 so it was clear that fascism was expanding hitler was making noises about expanding to the east grabbing territory in Eastern Europe and russia that should be under german domination the soviet union was a grim place although not as many details were known in the west but would become known subsequently. So the menace seemed to be expanding fascism in europe and when this attempt happened in spain when they tried to seize power and parts of the countries succeeded, it sent a shock wave of alarm throughout the world because here was a major country in europe, of the right Wing Military quickly backed by hitler and mussolini sent arms and tanks and pilots and mussolini sent 80,000 Ground Troops with the spanish rights making a grab for power and people all over the world thought it should be resisted if not here than where . Or we are next. Cspan fdr was president what was his position to the ada to support the republican spain . Roosevelt was a small deep and large d democrat also very opposed to fascism however he was very wary about getting drawn into the spanish civil war. He knew the American People were deeply isolationist and any kind of opinion poll would be looked at roosevelt was a great reader of opinion polls to tell you that people did not want to be drawn into another war in europe and. He knew this but it is also believed although we can find the exact evidence not put on paper but it is believed he promised the hierarchy of the american Catholic Church before the 1936 Campaign Election that he would not intervene with spain the Catholic Church all over the world heavily backed the revolt by the general and his allies to restore the church to power in spain and in fact the spaniards on the other side actually murdered thousands of priests and monks. So it is believed he made the promise and then throughout the war he decided to keep america neutral and not make any attempt to go against those neutrality laws that were in place and not to prosecute a Major Oil Company who violated those laws been accused said twothirds words used . To make that is an estimate. At all think i said the word jews but it is hard to pin down because so many jews would change their name. I asked because why . Why did they participate in a much higher rate . So to one from new york he said perhaps suisse never about the leader was always about hitler they saw hitler on the Horizon Place said about jews and if youll the recruitment of volunteers to fight not just in this country but in many countries as well. American jews were always disproportionately represented in the laugh to the that was another thing. Cspan actually when this book was published kelberg died at age 100 february 28 this year here is some video from 2013 of the last living member i believe of the 2000 americans who ught in spn. I was very affectedy the fascist atmpt takeov of spa. I just didnt like t idea that was my politil understandin so i went to the army i did know how to get to spain so i nt to work thollywood as the diwasher at thof roosevelt hol and there we a friends of abram liolbrigad i went up there a sd want to spain. Hat was thabraham ncn brigade . It came to be theamit was anffiaathat time but in lar yearitas eds name to cor l t americans who volunteered toig i spain. Athe time for their ericannit was th americhebraminln battaln anheeoe wainon battalion tn they merd then therwas anhebaalionanadian paiots b it wamostly amics and amerin mecaunuthethey begin when ty t back to the highest aids ty call emlves verans of the abraham lioln brigad because that is how pele referred to the mbers nce the. Swepe othese 2000 americans who nt to spai including keys toashe la known survivor ofhe ou. Whethey do stt ur rear on this book . I start tbe interestedn the subjt ma yrs ago. Onofy rsjo as a nepaper reporter athe s fnccohricle in the 50ss it happened t other reporteroth who re0 ars old than were veters t linco igade si ed to k them about their eernc d i wafained over the next couple ofeces d anotr in linco veterans and tn it to mo so he been fascinated for lo te in the wa when younosobo h person le rough something it brin y cler to thatie o hiory buat theamti e my farite wte was geor oelve early re h wdeul now more fighting in sin wch gives sowh dferent cture of ts conflict th you hear frometan. Dfenc ithat orwell d t ghtoit a grp iertional voluntrs whi was basically 35 fo4000 foren luee organed byheomni partys we h aery dependt streento spain intenng to probably in with thcount partybugot the then dioved aolic party spain they he felmu closero tt s sister pay t iependent labo partyith its ow mitia soe inednd degre factnafeuding onthe different rtf the anh republisoe s a sowh different picture of the war althoug thk he felt hwa fighti a good cae and shhey one. 6oo3 inchitizen deo bu t m rding pa othhomage to cataloa eg. Heoreast cner of spnor span why is this lent for assified. Gst e is where he is fighng wches of reon right xto eeciall wh whed about in recent yrs and two. Org a diffen laua wh the peop w ve lived tre to taedo is regn caninhis video u cawah whenhey get to the cte of George Orwells sticks out beuse ofis height. Every wall had a hammer and sickleorf e revolution every shop had a the inscription everyone called erye se comrade. But i cogniz it meately. Soo talkbo comra and the mm a skl th csir themlv mmist th their timof wathe interested in mmunis b i wantoomebacto thscpte bcelona. Res what i think was gog on. Was a prey imla cle to o quarter oth population w 3miio eran wh no cashn co with gencampmts ofoblesseople. Everhe y lk ntl pa a n york bades antytos. T w very easy to lie atapitalm d fail. Ils so verea t believe tre was the teate st st, mmism, at one dihear much d news that sue in the unemployment wasn o othemo ideali udistanple atas that hpy alternivfoonwaor otr. Of true belieng communi. Soo forcehafeelin when the war broke o ther wld prodeny lp to e anish repuic thell theajor untry w the gesis hlin siet union. At that me hseedo be asngorhis in retur thhe secitapras but clear t oy jo cotr it wod mh on i stalledndas tethan 1936 so this was sackedertainly pple to mmunism made the midrae onda appreciat but the was meing else going and if its e the things thawaso foish the colitebu al deeply fascinatin t caloa and oth pas t country as we the nationalist were defeatedn e takeover n by t army soldrs because mostenov thisi buasly orgiz litia its to be back cutsoup atmp and to founthemselvesontrolling sizae unof spain. In play into effect the whole couny e mostar achingndandless asts where ty works borsndroey car drivers andakg overhe trsptationystem wit e nitions onheid into traded ernt peles cafeteria. It is azing sctacle d be fascinatedy. The spanish republ was apll at this was happening cae ey suspted to be periv a a votiarsociety to ver buy ar fm britn d anceho correspondents tt ocked to cerhear lge ignored the social revolutionecausehere l mpinwith each other. Hough sayg thathey were undesie the helas beinbombed but i was finding ve ltle covera whh the me extensiv record of that amazing revolutionary. Of the unpuisd of th19 yearldmerican woman. D she is my fari fd. Lowe w atuntt the dirsity of louisllin kentky and marry a onicextracr the two ofhewent teurope on theihoymoon visit francend germanyndhi there eyea ns there was a coup aem ispain buth treas an extraordarsoal revolution. Is ventistint. So here aevutn bubbng from thbottomp t e top wn but lowes ido her husbdayav gthr ecious sied. And enas hithingo e anish border tcrs over to t bsuily wi t mt trrdary ri. The tts reublished wi ts al additn i e ngle u. S. Newspeor mazi andith and d repeinthremainder of her lifigy d rewriting buneround a puisr. Trereops various archives a ugerhoas very heful to me and me copi oit. Ishian extraorna ic and then to nd theelves in the mstf reluon in a langue y can speak ve f arinspeak atutas fasnatedith the sweengntsimha soviet mideclass peon n haveutheiv a ndfuy vipiure of wh aasik tli i rcelon canwhe did e . T e d of t time e nflictetweenhe anish repuicndf votionariesecse the anh mmist a t anh puicidoton a voti gngn whil tryingo ght thwa denot want to have a of the reah militias oresponblfo the ffenpaie wh thunied ar under a ntral mmd. And was spaed a eyere arst but t leit go ter about days and fceto lea t country. Eyifted paris a coup mththen rurto the ited stesnd rened acve and thedivorced afr feyes. But folesn particular th ia gh point of her life. Cspan you cago to you to tsis several different versns th iju 4send excerpt theets run a u n explainith th diussionn. Livg in the cellar of thrueduiing is the emy. Thbre oo or they wod t ve helout a. Ofsialoler ghnggastheeoe harm timsehef will on thpelen at peleatth. Fotheir tenaty innsntid, e spanish revolts wod vend six weeks afr began. Cspan soul who we ey fighting for . Spainad colony as it was caedspanish morocc the nohern st of the dirrean knn as morocco. Ere was a series o loalevolts fm e 0s andarer as th we oupd to suppress threvoltsnd recruiting dino troops or meenies for the region. And they were of mt effective fighngor mmd othe nationalis genels. Th were fightinghe coloal warov se ar. Would do, under the relign d sos theran relationship twh were saying in the world about beeen isis and t mli, and what we wching. Well, unfornaly ganized encoured, ma rape has been a pt my wars, in maim. Sometis,hen weear about it d have ewitnesacunts, thesotis when it has happen, and dt have it, because nobodyasecordi em. But e t teswhen it did happenn a wide sle was inhe spanish civil war and thk by encouragi t tops to do the rang, whh they did, in a despread and very wedumtewa they were playing on centues oracial fears. Raped by aarab a o americ corresponntho recordedebesin nationast office, ying, ll, these women who e being rad,ou know, eyre communists an theyre stl spanh men. Is this proper . Yes or no. Buit went on andt wentn a huge scale. Idheatlic chch know this andontinue touprt franco . Bsutely. They spoed franco, that yo can see photographs of thic biop and, rdinals, raising their hand ty knew all this wagog on. Sure. Bk to that clip erst hemminaywhat role did this movie play . W was hnarrate it go . Emngway,f course, had been vy volveditspn. E vel, tt rst brgh him toheorsttention, the sun al resasased on a ipo ain. He felt grt aost propriarlo f t cotry. Ev tugh he was, onofhe most uolic oamican wrers. Heev vedn the election 16. He felt a great nsofutge t coup spain. He did eryincoo attract ttti and support for the cae the spani republic. He comned that, with becing a poeragain, he d been foreign corrpoenin the 1920s, sigd twre a long ri opiesorpain, whh s ve sinoday cat o some 50 pe, and de four lo tps to ain, durinth r to write these pce he also s fascinat bthe new di of film, and felt atyoknow, domear lm mite help rch werod yens. So he and a film cw,ut together this documentar called the spanish y hear his ice, narratingan or so wes s gned up to be e naator. And the film was being put together with a show,. We mein the projection e vie which h me d he wanted me to. Many years ago hnse eh other, i was reading, the text and, i said, ireallyecsary to sa th, ultt be bter to see the picture . And then i heard that growl from the darkns. And that damn fag got telling me how tori. I thought, well, oh, mr. Heinaybecausyore so big and strong,nd have hair on your chest [laughter] sw eafigurewu a me so iwu a him, and the spanish cil r beinprojec oa seeand the two avy figus and ssg st of e me [laughter] has a inrview with chael r inon with oron lls. Put e ecoghe el the mie itself. Hmingway diha this teen tgein fig wes pelellhe time. He took ov t f raising, an iwa finallyelease it was n eugtoho the unitedtas t t widespreadeenghat thu. Ould stay t anyurean war. T the me time heasn spn, he s mri, d stard d liain. I nto owou some, ts is backn 1983and fit these pieces together. It waaefinite enemy, if you dont stop it here, there ll be the r in europe and we were regards as travelers or whatever they called us and, then, it came about. Who was martha . She was a young journalist, and its believe he began his affair just before they went to spain together. But, she returned with him on all of these trips he made to spain and, they were sort of social center of this group of foreign correspondents, and, she wrote for color years, the magazine. And she was as equally passionate part of the spanish republic. Martha had a connection that hemmingway hoped would be valuable which was that, Eleanor Roosevelt was a close friend of her mother, and the roosevelts who this habit of asking all sorts of interesting people to live with them at the white house had, a couple years invited martha to come and live with them while she worked on her writing. But, she found out that eleanor wanted her help answering these correspondences. So, she didnt last there very long. But she retained, this very close relationship with Eleanor Roosevelt and wrote her letters from spain while they were there and after they returned. And, they actually went, and showed the film for the first time to the roosevelts in the white house, in the 1937. Its the most exclusive audience for a film premiere that one can think of. They hope that, this would stir at least the president and if not the American People out of the stance of neutrality. But they didnt succeed. We as a country add embargo against selling arms to the republicans over there. But, people that were in power at the time, and, was that ever close to being broken . Well, it was broken in a very crucial way. There was a series of different laws having to do with neutrality. American neutrality, the thegisu could not sell arms to any country engaged at war or to either side, in a sill war. There were also further restrictions, on things, that werent arms. Something that wasnt regards, as a military arms in any way was oil. But of course, modern armies run on oil. And, 60 of the oil going to both sides in spain during the war went directly to the armies. You needed it tor trucks and tanks, and aircraft, and, artillery, and moving, tens of thousands of soldiers. And, the law said it could not travel on american ships and, it could not be sold credit. All of these foreign correspondents in, madrid never and questions about this. They were being bombed. They never looked up and asked, whose fuel is powering those aircrafts . It should have been an obvious question. They knew that the National Spain had no oil tankers. They knew also, nationalist spain was very short of cash, and, any oil sold to them would have had to be on credit. They knew a hitler and, moose a lienny, who were supporting the coup attempt were importers, not exportters. The head of texaco, one of the major u. S. Oil companies was a man named reber who was a freshist sympathize ser. He happily supplied franco and his nationalists with most of their oil. He shipped it there, in text ka so tankers. And they left for amsterdam and