The last panel that we held the topic was slavery in america one of the authors iban kendi is joining us for call in program. One been professor kendi, your parents were activist quick. Guess. They were involved in black theology movement in the late 60s and early 70s among black christians to were interested to say that jesus is black and god is black so take christianity from the church to the streets into a dense black america so i was raised in that type of activist setting. When did you become ibran kendi . I married a beautiful and intelligent woman and be decided to change our names together and we both chose kendi when we wed in 2013. Is from a kenyan language and it signifies mud one. So it was special for us of course,. Host how was winning the National Book award changed your life at the university of florida or wherever else complex. So to meet the biggest and best change is that theyd take it seriously and decided to pick it up and were willing to uncritically engage the history of racism and reflect how we can create a more antiracist future. So i had the opportunity to field forms of communication through social media would. Hello prof prof i read a book that was a novel it was about black slavery i was wondering when i read it and how common was this that the black men owned slaves . Guest i am not familiar with that book. There certainly were black people who owned slaves and one person was peter and he was the one he told denmark the planned revolt in charleston and would be rewarded to become a major slaveholder so there were black people to own slaves but white slave owners in particular were trying to create a narrative of white freedom and black slavery just like a free black people disrupted that by a very by neri. Host was an almost universal . Not justin u. S. But everywhere . To the same extent they were native American People who enslaved black people and even in africa a history of enslavement but that changed with the emergence of capitalism that began to shift in a different type of way that the slave labor became a product or commodity and people became very rich off of that and then wanted to defend that with racist ideas. Host Arlington Virginia ago ahead. Caller . Had a question about indian slavery but at what point in america that what became the United States of the english colonies, that blacks could be slaves, but we have plenty of colonists that came over here with indentured laborer so when exactly was it a lifelong slavery for blacks and only indentured servitude for though whites who could be convicted of something . Host lets hear from professor kendi. Guest first and foremost, this is something thats heavily debated of historians of slavery. So for my reading of history it appears that from the beginning with the arrival of African People in virginia n1619 that one they were looked upon as permanent laborers and that doesnt mean some black people over the course of the 1600s for not indentured servants but we also know at the time the majority of laborers to work picking cotton were white indentured servants but in the early 1600s there were high death rates soda typically is livable black people cost a lot more money. So some felt it was a better attorn on their investment especially if the death rate was so high bid by the end of the 1600 s that those four living in the colonies grew it was a better investment to invest an African People who could be enslaved permanently. So that is when the shift began to happen in the late 1600s. Host patterson new jersey good afternoon. Caller for i bedlight to say i am in African American denied just love people period. As far as a racist concern that the elderly into word in the of pain that the time that they were enslaved in dealing with the of holocaust and the African Americans to come over in votes. And people were picking cotton and so were the young people today from so why cant they be confiscated so that they can move on to a better life . And to be happy as an American Free all bleed red not purple or orange or green. Guest thanks for the question that this call the of reparation activists have been asking for more than a century that workforce to labor without wages as a result or for their descendants to be compensated they say the reason why there is such a massive gap between the racial groups and one of the causes of that is slavery. That people have been talking about and advocating for but and it would be a struggle to get that to happen in. People are antiracist and they have to be willing to figure out ways to equalize this nation. For those who are in positions of power seeking to figure out ways to create economic equality. Host you consider yourself a reparations activist . Guest i would say so. Well look back at American History there are many groups to have seat in receive reparations rightfully so brother harmed during the sale of which trials or japanese then many of these americans agreed that they should have been compensated in some way. And the only way to create a measure of economic equality is to figure out ways because that is the source. With the economic inequality. So to question the term africanamerican squawks there is sent one whether African American or american to me there are people who say i am not because itll feel i can and american and then there are others to say i have never bend to africa as a white my connected . I am just an american so that doesnt allow the discussion. Host where did you come down today . Guest i look at myself as an africanamerican or black. I recognize i was born in the United States and africanamerican culture so as a practitioner and as a descendant of african slaves in consider myself pdf. National book Award Winning book is called steven from the beginning calling in from hampton and virginia. Professor kendi thank you so much for your very illuminating comments. As a pertains to your about you had opportunity to read the book Hidden Figures the book that has taken the world by storm and eliminated the contributions of africanamerican women of the space race and i am wondering whether or not you had an opportunity to read that or if you subscribe to the belief that africanamerican women have faced a double edged sword to be both will black as well as female this is a question for womens history month. Think if so much for your question natalie have had the opportunity to read the book also to me to the author for the finalist naacp image award and i was glad to be there with her and celebrate the to your question more specifically i actually chronicled the history of racist ideas i also chronicle each and every black group and one of those are black women so a specific set of racist ideas have denigrated black women so low typically these are at the intersection of race and gender. Others classify this as gender racisms oic the ways and chronicle of ways they have faced obstacles but also gender and class and to show the always all these ideas had creation noted noted ways to denigrate black women. Host booktv has covered that book Hidden Figures. Ibram kendi, his book is also then covered type did the name you can watch it on my net your leisure. The next call comes from new york. We are listening. Caller afternoon. Yummy and thinking you so much. I encourage by your vision to enjoy feats of history. I want to ask you something other authors and other people who delve into this issue, along time ago the other gentlemen talked about india and my grandmother was lakota and having a history that goes back to the civil war to speak to someone in my family when i was a young man. And the discussions i had with those people whose survival reconstruction gave me an opportunity to take part of the civilrights movement. If one thinks the dilution of us being inferior is an interesting if abraham or moses and jesus and muhamed looked like you and me if we took some time to see those people were to make is not know who we really are to feel the sense of inferiority with that difficulty the we have gone through. Host we will have to leave it there. Guest thanks for your comment and question and in researching fax six under years of racist ideas to suggest there is something inferior or wrong with black people we found that something is wrong with black people. And early in the history of racist ideas some things that they did was try to rewrite the history of the ancient world for each event egypt in the middle east with historical figures as white because as you stated you cannot worshiper person with then simultaneously say what theyll look like are inferior so they have to reshape that history does when it led they bring us the true history of the ancient world. Host where did your title stamped from the beginning and come from . 81 Jefferson Davis was a senator from mississippi then would go one to be a president of the Confederate States of america proposing a bill to provide funding for the education of black people in washington d. C. And argued against it saying this man was created by white men for white men and that inequality was stamped from the beginning. Host goahead. Caller it is an absolute pleasure to speak with you mr. Kendi with all the work that you do. Slavery was portable enough and the main reason for our the disparities but also a jim crow that started after slavery in those that could own property and things like that and with the Industrial Complex therefore steelwork steelwork, 1 or two per day. Blood is the best way for black americans to organize . In then the japanese the Jewish Americans even though the holocaust and not happen in the United States. I think first and foremost, we shut recognize that black people should recognize even though you may be black if theres something wrong or inferior but to think that creates a set of practices and attitudes if you think as a black person that black people are inferior or criminal like if you see that mass incarceration he will not recessed so people should think about the way to recognize the equality of different groups but then that creates a certain set of agassi groups because and refocus on racist policies. One of the of many Different Things i have advocated for a is reparations. And presumably those who should save some for reparations as well so there are larger issues at play but it prefers to have to take the recognition that there is nothing wrong with black people need to be focused on these equalizing programs. Host what do teach at the university of florida . Guest history, history of racism, antiracism, African American history, black power, social movements more broadly. Host how diverse issues your classroom . Penitente to be diverse i feel most are studying africanamerican studies so of course, they are quite diverse assortment. Host politically diverse . Guest politically diverse aphorist coming from new york five was not necessarily used to that but i like it because i want students to engage with each other ideologically and politically if everybody agrees it is not as rich so i try to encourage that in the classroom. Defined students to be more casual about race then your or my generation . Guest i think because of the black lives Matter Movement and because of the offense of the last president ial election in certain ways were more serious. To be in a colorblind nation but now more and more americans are in recognizing the existence to provide a cloud to speak to the problems. Host buffalo new york goahead. Caller for actually say thinking for having the discussion is a beautiful discussion so what is the proposal the earlier speaker was mentioning that reparations should be brought to the center with tax of congress so wet least weaken have that discussion. Guest i said if it is hot in here so reparation is a controversial issue i cannot speak to his position but more leslie said it is very difficult to advance preparations to the courts and that creates a scenario to bring death through congressional means. Host bellingham washington you are on the air with professor kendi author of stamped from the beginning. Caller thanks for taking my comments. In to be nominated as the attorney general it is so antipolitical i just dont see that position. And with voters depression in those states there 18 black Football Players and their accepted into those athletic programs. Is a sad day in america because. What he is speaking to is one of those central issues there are obvious ways that black people make progress that relates to race and there are other ways that progress has not been made for those who have not been incarcerated last few decades is unprecedented. If so what i realized in studying history instead of thinking of a singular history or take a few steps forward then back that is not indicative of the actual history we had a history of consistent racial progress in the simultaneous progression of racism. Happening simultaneously. Co2 recognize the do history gives us the better way to understand how in a state like alabama to have the black people vote surpassed and simultaneously athletes being depressed. Host last call comes from Jackson Heights new york. You are on booktv. Caller there is a collage of human beings from a specific place i want to find out more and the people from the caribbean for maybe you read it and it i learned a great deal but i learned about the homestead act in this seems like very racial or racist policies if you could expound on them and in light and be further employee in them further. Guest of course, there are many books that deal with of history of new orleans for louisiana more broadly and the way a french colony and what history did and one of the things that i share in the text is because with a biracial people in the louisiana and this group of people that resisted racism along the Larger Population to free back black people but some of them look upon themselves as superior to black people so some of the reinforce the notion that black people are inferior people said they were superior to them but it was happening across the nation. Host mentioning author and professor for he has done the in Depth Program tied been his name you can see three hours of and discussing his ideas with us. Ibram kendi author of stamped from the beginning winter of 2016 National Book award booktv coverage of tucson festival of books continues here at the university of arizona up next day panel on the history of women in the sciences. [inaudible conversations] good afternoon. Welcome to the ninth annual tucson festival of books. We wished to think cops communication for sponsoring this venules been used in the college of science. The presentation will last