Linked into current events. If reagan, by the way something we havent gotten into his detail on how to think about the future of ukraine brewery have different points of view. In terms of thinking how we handle you cant ukraine crisis and what kind of Security Strategy we think about to the extent we can steer the russians towards a reagan model i think theres utility for that. Thats a different conversation for a different day. My last comment however is on afghanistan and i dont think that we are trying to encourage our enemy to move northward and ultimately put pressure on the russian or parts of the soviet union. What we saw in kunduz and by the way quite the tragedy and there have been a lot of them in last week including most recently the hospital bombing. Thats something ive criticized and the tragic loss of 10 americans and jalalabad of the c130 crash. Despite that we are seeing the afghan start to take back a good chunk of kunduz so dont give up yet. Theres room to be at least hopeful here because this is not another mosul. There has been an immediate counterattack in there some reason to believe thats partially successful but kunduz fell on the first place because of local politics. Politics in kunduz were a mass and my colleague is there right now in afghanistan and im sure she will write about this when shes back to shes been warning for a long time, she knows condi is better than i i do and this is a region where there has been a lot of militia actors competing for influence in ways that strengthen the overall government. A historic karchi creation is roughly a third bashed in the group from which they are said to hill. As a population base and if there started cherlin mischief its a clever way of using force we should respect the taliban military decisionmaking. I am hopeful that they have gotten more than they more than they reckon with in the afghan army or police are going to do a better job than i counted on so i remain hopeful on that front. I think we have time for one final question which will use as a way to wrap up. The gentleman in the blue shirt lease. Just one question please. I would like to go back to mr. Sub threes comment on ukraine and link, i want to ask if the u. S. And the European Union decided to provide massive economic assistance to ukraine no military assistance but in support of reforms in the e. U. Also made sure that e. U. Membership or ukraine is far in the future and not something that is likely to occur sand. How would that affect russia today . Would it make them feel more besieged . To be there if you want to start back . I think its an interesting question because it gets to water. Subject is in ukraine . The kremlin did not have a grand strategy. A lot of this is making it up as he goes. Crimea and the aftermath of yanukovich leaving and the appointment of a new government as is a target of opportunity but i dont think it lays all this out. You do not have a russian interest in acquiring that territory. Heres theres a brief period where they talked about the southern 40 of ukraine breaking away. They quickly became disabused of that notion when they saw there was no public support in ukraine. So what the russians have been doing is using it as a way to destabilize the government and make it harder for the government to succeed. The question is could you get the russians to change that decision and in terms of the objectives that moscow articulates a year ago he could have seen the basis for a winwin solution. Poroshenko was talking about power and talking about status to russian line which. He said, he wasnt saying no nato ever but he was prepared to take off the table and he said we are prepared to have a dialogue and talk about how do you ensure russia doesnt have a negative impact on ukrainian russian economic relations. There was no interest shown by the kremlin a year and half ago picking up on that. And that leads me to conclude that the russians again destabilization and i dont know we have seen a change today. Certainly the good thing out of Eastern Ukraine is a sense of timbr there has been a real ceasefire and maybe we will see in the next 100 days whether withdrawing heavy equipment what that will do. There is reason for skepticism. One of the things thats been talked about when putin and poroshenko were in paris on friday was this question of local elections. The two agreements a local elections will be held in accordance with ukrainian law and have the occupation authorities standing up on their own elections. Now there were some hope the french president would say we hope we can postpone the elections but we think we can achieve it as per the accordance with ukrainian law with the observers and president putin spokesman went out and said well yeah president putin is going to send an envoy because he wants to talk about this. Thats just the refuge. If russia wanted the election to be held in accordance with ukrainian law russia has the way, the influence and the power to me could happen immediately. And so my guess is we are still seeing the russians goal which is destabilization of ukraine. Maybe they are less focused on military and maybe at this point they dont need it but im not sure we have seen a change in russian objectives. My last point would be because of what happened over the course of the last year and a half and the hardening of Public Opinion in ukraine to things like we want to join nato that may create a difficulty in president poroshenko in terms that might allow a winwin solution. Its probably closer than i was 16 or 17 months ago. Steve is such an expert on ukraine and im not on the 11 hand that question is so hypothetical i dont even know that i can begin to answer. The idea that there would be massive amounts of economic assistance from the e. U. And from the United States and ukraine is so remote that i just dont know. Think about it. Theres no way they are we are going to do that. Lets assume that it happens or it was a real possibility. I dont think putin the economic stability of ukraine is any particular threat. The military and the political threat and the Eastern Ukraine situation is where the heart of it is but the russians have plenty of lovers to destabilize ukraine economically that they havent used. But thats not really in their interest that they will be employed if they think thats necessary to prevent a literal threat that ukraine might join nato or sanctioning of missiles in ukraine that they would regard as a threat. I will say one last parting conclusion this will have to be at which is that i would like to hope that we can increase the odds of a minimalist or prowestern russia with some kind of dig new idea on european architectures and again theres disagreement on the panel here. Not everybody would agree with this but i would like to see along with russia they guarantee the sovereignty and security of sensual europe as part of the deal by which those countries would not join nato, not now and not in the future and this would be conditional on russia verifiably upholding its end of the bargain and i would like to see that kind of an idea considered. I think the chances are that it might increase the odds of a more benign russia that we write about in our article but obviously im risking provoking a new conversation just as we are about to finish up so i will stop there. Thank you all very much for being here. [applause] afghanistan operations cspan marcase is the book which explores 12 Historic Supreme Court cases including marbury versus madison, korematsu versus the United States, brown versus the board of education miranda versus arizona and roe v. Wade. Landmark cases, the book written by veteran Supreme Court journalist tony mauro features introductions, background highlights and impacts of each case published by cspan in cooperation with cq press an imprint of Sage Publications incorporated. Landmark cases is available for 8. 95 plus shipping. Get your copy today at cspan. Org landmark cases. United states in 11 nations including canada japan and australia agree to the Transpacific Partnership agreement. The largest trade agreement history. The agreement will be debated in each of the nations including the u. S. Congress before its finalized. U. S. Back representative michael sub or discuss the logistics of agreement this summer at the wall street journal cfo conference. This is 25 minutes. Thank you. We have a lot of trade negotiators on the stage. We should all get some action. We should have a negotiation session the best strategy is for that. Ambassador froman this has been quite a remarkable day in the evolution of the latest trade pact. Lets assume for the moment so we dont get into the politics of this which we have been discussing a fair amount so far today that tpa, the transpacific hardship gets to a vote. What does this trade deal hold in store for these companies in the room . An opportunity for them and what also might be new competition that they have to be concerned about that my results in a trade deal . Starting from the premise that our market is already an open market. We have an average in the u. S. Of 1. 4 . 70 of our imports come in come in duty free actually 80 come in duty free from the tpp region we dont use regulations. We are already competing in the Global Economy. We are competing against other markets and lower labor standards and we are trying to do these trade agreements first disproportionately reduce the barriers we face with our exports. The average high tariff in the country as three or four times as high as ours. 70 on autos, 50 on machinery, 50 on beef. These are all going to go to zero or lower than they are now and that will create more opportunities for american firms and American Workers to be able to compete and to export products abroad. At the same time we are using a trade agreement to raise standards in other countries whether its its putting disciplines on Stateowned Enterprises so they compete with our private firms and have the benefit of being a stateowned enterprise but that might involve a commercial basis. If they dont. They cant be subsidized by the government. They cant use those subsidies to have an adverse impact on our private firms whether its in their country or our country. Is there a way to track that and we will know what vietnam is doing . We are engaged in that and they are using tpp to drive a lot of transparency requirements and using our settlement mechanisms will we will be able to hold other countries that account to account. For firms in the u. S. And firm as bradley defined is one of the great benefits is a Small Business that find the negotiating of different customs procedures border procedures care for james nontariff regimes bewildering and if we are able to get rid of those and create transference around the remainder makes it easier for 98 of the firms over thune 75,000 firms that are exporting to increase their exports and to bring more into the Global Economy. There are a lot of elements to this. Stateowned enterprises is one and you mentioned Property Rights protections. Hows that going to work with how does the company lose technology overseas and not have her ripped off . We have a whole series of disciplines that first and foremost to the enforcement of intellectual Property Rights. For countries to have laws and enforce those laws to protect trademark as appropriate. We have a mechanism for ensuring whether its in the creative industries, people walking into movie theaters and recording a movie on their camcorder and selling it immediately on the internet. We have god rules against downloading illegal material from data mines or from cable. We have got rules to make sure the digital environment is the first trade agreement to deal with the digital agreement to make sure its a free and open internet and data can flow across borders freely. You can have your Service Based in singapore and you dont have to move your business from the u. S. To one of these markets you can put right now one of the great threats to the Global Economy in the 21st century Global Economy is the balkanization of the internet and the efforts to use digital protectionism and tpp puts a major stake in the ground about keeping the internet open and free. You are a backandforth to china. You have a lot of clients in the business in china. China is not part of the tpp. Is that a problem . There are are a couple of aspects to that. One is that china is a major player in the asian region. The center of most supply chains in asia so i think with tpp Companies Need to think about rationalizing pricing potentially reorganizing their supply chain we can talk more about that later but china is absolutely critical in that respect. Its also the Major Trading partner of almost every one of the tpp countries in excess of the United States, in excess of other countries around the world. One of the questions is how to reconcile tpp with china not in the tpp but such a major force in the region and it seems to me there are a couple of Different Things to think about in that regard. One is eventually china joining the tpp. That obviously could only happen if it comes up to the high disciplines in the tpp that mike and his team have set up. Another is for the United States and china to agree on certain modifications of chinas current regime to make it over time more compatible with tpp standards. A third is to take the agreements that china is an nhl which the u. S. Is not an which includes a variety of agreements with the asean countries as well as the new agreement stating they go shaded now an initial rcp and decide over time those agreements ought to either merge with tpp or find some means of harmonization or accommodation between the two, to better rationalize if you will the asian region. I think the thing we want to be careful not to see is a nation thats divided into trading blocks one headed by the u. S. , one headed by china and the reason i think we want to be careful not to see that in the longerrun is countries in the region are asked to choose as unfortunately the u. S. Set up in part with respect to the Asian Investment bank the answer will not be favorable to the United States so i think its going to be very important to ultimately find a way for china to work with this agreement, disagreement to work with china using some of the mechanisms. China presumably is back channeling a little bit to try to influence these negotiations. As china prepared anytime in the near future to make the kinds of concessions that you are talking about where talking about restrictions on Stateowned Enterprises, intellectual Property Rights protections that china might find onerous and an inhibitor to its Economic Growth . I dont think china is close now but i do think as it restructures its own economy to move increasingly from investment led economy to an economy that is more balanced toward domestic growth for example and Services Trade china might find it in its interest at least in part to deal with the tpp countries on an http basis. Those are the decisions china will have to make. They are going to be made soon in my view but its not impossible that china would begin to move up the scale if you will of these kinds of agreements. When we did the china and wto deal it was inconceivable that china would have made the agreements and restructure the entirety of its economy the way it did before it did. They couldnt than the expectations and they tpp during the wto expectations. No, but of course china was a commandandcontrol economy of very small and a minor contributor to overall local Global Growth at the time. All im saying is when china decides to move in a positive direction it can do so quickly. It has a way of driving consensus fairly quickly even though consensus is still needed an overtime i think we may see them move in a more positive direction. Right now the direction of china with respect to multinationals is actually quite negative and more hostile today than it was even five years ago. A lot of democrats and a lot of unions say this is a job killer. This is just my more open door for jobs outmigration United States. We are thinking about wage stagnation some United States over the last 15 or 20 years this kind of agreement is what has facilitated that stagnation that will create more stagnation and job loss . What do you answer . We are already competing as an open economy in the Global Economy. We know that every billion dollars additional export supports between 5,007,000 jobs in those jobs pay up to 18 for export related jobs in the same sector in terms of investing more in their r d and their productivity, they hire more so we do this as a way of creating more jobs and creating better jobs, higher paying jobs. The foreign commerce has done a study which shows as you reduce other countries tariffs it has a positive effect on wages here. It varies anywhere from 1 to 12 higher wages as tariffs abroad come down so we see this very much as being supportive of what the president calls middleclass economics and that was very much to creating more jobs and making sure they are highpaying jobs. I would suggest that if there is equalization or tariffs come down in vietnam or here that we are to have low tariffs on the light light manufactured and i havent outsourced to china maybe i would consider vietnam now. In other words i will send my jobs over there, will wait, low labor costs, manufactured and shipped the product thats United States. Thats not going to happen . Because we are so open this creates a tendency to keep jobs here and vietnam is a fastgrowing economy. They will need greater nutrition higher agricultura