hosted by the data transfer trance transparency coalition. >> good morning, i am managing principal with unlimited and i am here representing act iraq. this provides an objective and trusted former government and industry executives collaborate to address key issues facing our government. it has been my pleasure to be a leader in this project. we have volunteers from dozens of companies and government agencies collaborating to discuss data challenges in a practitioner focused forum. white papers, panels, panels, conferences have been produced and made available to public. check out the website for all of the output. with great pleasure, i introduced today's keening q keynote speaker. mark dahms has had three main responsibilities in that role. he led the statistics administration which includes two of the nation's preeminent data bureaus. these agencies collect information on the united states dynamic population and economy, publishing vital vital data to the citizens, businesses and leaders. the census bureau and the bureau of economic analysis combined have over 10000 employees and a budget of over $1 billion. the second responsibility was being a top economic advisor. he contributed to a wide variety of subjects including manufacturing, taxation, immigration, and education. his contribution was often about what data can be used to better understand the issue at hand. his responsibility was leading the strategic plan for data transformation. he detailed the strategic plan for the department making sure data was optimized to benefit business makers, policymakers and people. prior to becoming undersecretary, he served on the department of commerce. he frequently met with business leaders across the country, listening to their concerns and insight and providing overviews of the u.s. economy. prior to joining commerce, he helped guide monetary policy and the federal reserve policy. he has done research in wages, manufacturing and other topics. he has a phd in economics from the university of wisconsin madison. basically, throughout his career, he has either use data to answer question or made data available so others can do likewise. he is happily known as a fellow data geek. if that contradiction wasn't enough to convince you, he has three computers in his road bag. join me in welcoming doctor dahms. >> thank you very much. thank you for inviting me. were going to sit here for just a second and see if this works. if we can go to the first slide please. what i would like to do is talk for about 20 or 25 minutes and then open it up to conversation. the main thing i want to talk about today is data and what is happening in our country and what role the data transparency plays. this is a map of street closures in downtown d.c. because of the pope's visit today. the reason i'm showing this is ten years ago, producing producing this map would have been really hard. this map exemplifies the point that our previous speaker spoke about. there is a lot of data in standard format that making maps like this is a lot easier than it used to be. you see a lot more maps. there is a huge demand for geospatial information. people always want to know what's happening where and how that relates to other points geographically speaking. so if we think about this industry, we have seen a huge explosion of the tools in these maps and a huge explosion in the people we have the skills to make these maps. it's basically basically a trifecta. you have people with the right skills, and the right software tools and the data. all of that combined can produce better outcomes. in this case, you can now, in today's world, produce more and more maps to get the information to the people who really need it. when you look of these maps, keep in mind ten years ago making these things were really hard and today it's a lot easier. again, the concept behind making these maps is very similar to the concepts you've heard other speakers talk about. let's go to the next slide. the summary, i have a picture of my cat if you really want to see it, oh great, i think we really are at this tipping point. as a society we are beginning to benefit from this. the thing that has happened over the last couple decades, we have seen a huge explosion in computer technology and software technology and munication's technology. now with those key parts in place, we can really take advantage of the huge explosion of data that's occurring. but how quickly will this happen? how quickly will we see the benefits question market depends on a couple things. first, it depends on how quickly we make really important data assessable. when i say assessable, you heard hudson speak in a different context about the data being in a standard format or inter- operability. it's basically making data assessable and usable. then also, what i've seen repeatedly in application after application, across a wide variety of data fields is not only do you need the data, you actually need people who know how to analyze data. that is something we are in relatively short supply. i'll talk talk about that a little bit more in a future. one reason people are getting so excited about data and you hear about all the time is you always see these graphs. these graphs always have a certain flavor to them. these graphs always have on the vertical access from measure of data volume. sometimes it's a word you've never heard of like petabyte or terabyte. there's always some word that is some huge amount of data. it's always increasing. the horizontal access, we have time and these graphs always have the past and what is projected into the future. then you see a line that shows how much data there is going to be. they always show that they are sharply curving up. the amount amount of data that's assessable and usable by people is accelerating. usually the argument you here for this acceleration in the amount of data that's acceptable is first, all the government data efforts which are very heard a lot about today and to if you think about the private sector, the private sector is gathering and processing more information than ever. what gets people really excited about the future is how much data will be able to be gathered those lines will just be really, really, really huge. so there's a huge amount of information. whether it's information from the government or private sector or coming from somewhere else like the scientific community. what i'd like to talk to you about is why do we care? why is this so important? basically, when we look at data, we want something from it. the previous speaker spoke about how we want more light into how government works. we want better information on how government is spending its money, for instance. i'm an economist, that's my background. were not just asking can we have more insight and how it works but how will this affect our country? when we talk about this data and outcome whether or not it's better for our gdp growth or are citizens, i would like to present a simple model. something with three little steps. on the start with the last one first. it's the data outcome model. how do we go to data to get these outcomes that we want and were just going to simplify it. the acronym of that is bones which is pretty cool. i'd like to start at the ends and go up to the beginning. at the end, we want better outcomes. it usually falls into three buckets. the first first one is what i call smarter government. we heard the previous speaker speak about government being better and more efficient and better able to meet its mission with less resources. that is a huge goal given how big government is. we have the federal government which is trillions of dollars and the state and local governments. working in commerce, we do a census of state and local government i want everyone to think about a number really quick. have have any state and local governments are there question there's 50 states, about 3000 counties and a lot more after that. the number is 91000 local governments out there. there is one federal government and 91 state and local governments, 91000. so were talking about federal and state and local level. from an economist's perspective, we want our businesses to benefit from this data. they can benefit in two ways. they can use the data themselves to be more efficient, they can be more competitive. to as representative by a lot of people in this room, there are businesses and companies that are represented here. this is an industry that is very important and it's growing. the u.s. has a comparative advantage and we run a surplus. these are jobs that pay really well. this is an industry that we really want to support. finally, as also we heard earlier, the benefits of data, always try to think of it in these three buckets. either we want better government, more competitive businesses or we want more informed citizens so we have a better idea of what's happening to the world and what's happening to our governments. that's what we are really striving for. that's the outcome that all of us are looking for. how do do we get there? well we get there with the analysis of data. there's all this data out there but how do we analyze it? we have software tools. if you look at the map, that we presented at the beginning, there is a company that has a lion's share of the market and did a tremendous amount of the work to make geospatial data useful. it's now now you really easy to make these maps. now that i'm unemployed, i'm trying to learn -- the first 30 minutes was a lot of fun and then after that it got a little frustrating. maybe they can hire somebody to do that. second you think about computer hardware. if you think about storage capacity and cloud capacity, these are things that are now at commodity. ten years ago the stuff was a lot more expensive and the prices have really fallen. finally the point i was making before, human capital. human capital is an economic phrase. it means the skills of our work force. not just this guilt of our scientists and programmers but people who really understand what's going on. if we got got all the financial data across all the government agencies in a standardized format, you still need people who know how government actually works to really make sense of that data. if you can can get really large data sets, all put on my statistician hat for a minute, the bigger the data set the more correlations you're going to find just by chance. as we get more more data, we will have more more correlations. how do you filter those out to really figure out what's going on? that requires subject matter expertise. when i talk to people in healthcare, and i talk to people in the private sector, when i talk to people in criminal justice, you can have the best data scientist but that has to be coupled with knowledge of what's happening in the industry. an example of this is when you just need that common sense. i'm going to tell it data jack's. a data joke. they are are three statisticians. they are out hunting. it's a beautiful day and their hunting. they see this buck 100 yards away. the first attestation gets out his rifle and went for the shot. he squeezes the trigger and the bullet goes 5 feet to the left of the deer. the other statistician goes. he looks at his rifle, takes a shot in the bullet goes 5 feet to the right of the deer. the third statistician picks up his rifle and says it looks like we had it. [laughter] so that gives you an example of how you have to look at data and understand it but you also have to understand the subject to know what's going on. okay, so, the ultimate goal here is to get better outcomes. while there we are talking about better government or making our business better or our citizens more informed. we have to analyze data. what we also need in the data transparency collection has been great at this. we need the data itself. the building blocks. we hear about data and i use the word integrity often. you have to know where the data comes from. there is a lot of junkie data out there. agencies take pride in themselves producing high quality data about our people and our population. there are real questions out there about data and what we actually know about it. often when you're looking at complicated questions you have to get those types of answers. them are going to talk about common formats and standards because you want to reduce the cost of combining all these data sets. it's one thing, you have to make your eta sets easy to find. last time i looked at it will there were about 114,000 different sets. they're just exposing in terms of size and number. how can we make this something that we've been working on and can find. the ability to merge data comes back to the standards. combining data is where you get the real value. you can have a single data set and i'll go through examples but it's when you combine data from here to here and put those things together. that's where you get the big picture. think about the map. there were roads that were closed and it was a map of dc. it's combining those things to present a good visual representation about how it is going to affect the commute and how it will affect their day. so that's a simple model. i think about all this data stuff because there's so many words out there and people talk about data. they put things in different buckets. let's go into these a little bit more. in the first bucket, in terms of data accessibility, let's talk about what we done at the department of commerce and why you may actually care about that what you probably don't know, let me get through a couple examples. first, we have noah. those are the folks who monitor our climate and our ocean and our fisheries. they monitor solar activity. just there weather data alone is about 30 tb a day. they have this problem of how do you get 30 terabytes of data out the door? they are working with a private sector in reviewing creative ways of doing that. that is is a huge physical challenge they face. how do you make this data assessable? it's a huge problem that we've talked more about later. then we have ba. they are the folks that produce the gdp. if you think about our current account assets. what are interactions with the rest of the world and how does it affect our status with the rest of the world. they go back in time and produce a lot of detail over time. it's really just a tremendous amount of information. it's really hard to get to. how can we make that information easy to get? you may have a question about consumer spending in a specific category. how can can you, as a data customer, quickly find the information without going through hundreds of pages of documentation. that's a big challenge. let me talk about the census bureau. that is the major source of our information about our people. this is where good data comes from again. they care about everybody in our country. when you see data from a lot of these private-sector sources, you always have to question, how representative is that data of the country? if someone is in public polling, if you have a pollster who doesn't have access or can't use cell phones which is a big issue, those numbers can be quite skewed. think about the last election. there were a lot of polls that were actually off. when you're actually off. when you're looking at data about people and you're looking at it from these private-sector sources, there's a huge question about the quality of this data. what can we do to make the data easier to find. if you want to know what's happening to your community, what does your community look like? let's say you're moving to the d.c. area. what does the smallest church look like? how does that compare. what are the people like question my two they have characteristics you are looking for question you should be able to find out but it can be really hard. >> then we have the patent trademark office. when you're an inventor, you have to look at the patent database. right now now a lot of that data is very unstructured. it's not machine-readable and not all the data that the patent office has is out to the public. there's an analysis at the trademark office where they are sitting on a bunch of data that hasn't even been opened yet. they all have very common themes. if you want to get the data out, there is people who find it and can use it. let's talk about the analysis of data. again, i mentioned one mentioned one of the biggest constraints we have in the country and for those of you in the private sector you might have a hard time finding these people who have the skills that looking at this data. so we looked at that and there's a lot of people in our society, over 10 million who are kind of data in their day-to-day jobs. 10 million are very data intensive. we expect that number to grow over time. we need to develop more people with these skills who can actually look at data and make the right inference from it. look at these big data sets it goes well beyond excel. i know the department of commerce, finding people who had the ability to take large data sets and do something with it, that was really hard to do. when i talked to my friends, salaries are really high for this. we have to do a better job of educating people to get them into the pipeline to be able to do this type of stuff. as i said, smarter government. we could talk about smarter government all day. if i'm speaking from an economic point of view about where we are really going to move the needle, where data can help, it really helps where there is a lot of uncertainty and we don't know stuff. we have all been, had experiences for the healthcare sector are self. sharing information across the healthcare industry is very difficult. precision medicine is impeded by the ability to share information about our dna, for instance. this is an area that is ripe for huge improvement because of data healthcare is about 20% of gdp. this is huge. if we can approve health care just a little bit, we can make it more efficient, that could have huge benefits to our economy. talking about criminal justice, there is just so much we don't know about the criminal justice system. you think about all these financial records across all these local governments and how they don't talk to each other. if you think about all your state and local law enforcement agencies, even within those agencies, data doesn't talk to each other. my car was stolen july 3. that's how i celebrated july 4. my car was was stolen outside my house. i called the police and they come. have you ever had a car stolen before question mark. >> the police assume he just forgot where you parked it. once you get over that and you tell them you weren't drinking too much the night before and they actually drive around your neighborhood to see if they can find it, my car was actually stolen. then they say well someone probably took it and was out joyriding and it will turn up in a couple months. i talk to my neighbor and they said my car was stolen too. i went to the d.c. government website. one part of d.c. that works really, really well is parking tickets. right? [laughter] >> it is really efficient. what they set as you should go on the website a couple times a day and see if your car gets a parking ticket and if it got a parking ticket you can find it. sure enough it did. it got a ticket and told me exactly where the car was. i went there in the car had been moved. but the parking folks do not talk to the police department. the person issuing the ticket had no idea that the ticket they were issuing to was a stolen car. that's an example of how i think the criminal justice system, where you have separate data systems that aren't talking to each other at all. there is so much room for improvement. then if you think about all these questions about incarceration, what are laos should be for certain valuations it's amazing we are some making such profound decisions about people's lives in an area we just don't know much about. let me talk about one other example of merging data. one of the last things i was able to do before i left office was start this process of merging data on our veterans with data on employment outcomes. why do we care about that? we really want to know what happens to veterans when they enter the workforce. we want to know how that varies and how many tours of duty they did. how long were they in the service? what did they do in the service? we want to know the relationships between all these things and what veterans program they received. they don't know how efficient, or what the outcomes of are of all these programs. we just don't know very much about all these other programs. maybe they're all great. maybe they should be funded more. maybe someone having the outcomes we would want. we just don't know. i merging these data sets together we could figure it out. we look at the u.s. economy that has been growing, one of the really big questions we have out there is productivity growth. you probably don't think about productivity growth but if you think about how fast our economy grows, that is how fast our jobs grow and how efficient our employment is. why are we growing faster in this data revolution where we hear all these great things about dataquest month there's this big conundrum there. maybe what it is as we have all these businesses gathering the information but they haven't yet materialized the benefits from this data from a macro perspective. perspective. that is a huge huge question. so all this data stuff, how much can this improve the u.s. economy? i'm just in a throw out a couple rough numbers. there are studies out there that always talk about trillions of dollars and billions of dollars, i always find those numbers hard to understand so i can't understand a trillion dollars. so you have all these numbers and let me put them into context. if you think about all this bad stuff, if you think weakening proof by 1%, think about all the improvements would get in government and the private sector. 1% is an very much, is it? an very much, is it? 1% of gdp is $175 billion. that's hard to relate to because it's such a big number. that's $543 per person. that's about $1300 per household. that's a lot. the median income is about $52,000. that would be a nice bump. that's if we could just improve the economy one percentage if we could just improve the economy one percentage point in the state of data revolution. that's in a conservative estimate. if it improves by 5%, that's over $2700 per person. there's about 2.4 people in the household and now all of a sudden you're talking over $6000 per household increase. that's why everything that you are doing and everybody else is doing is just so important because the better information that we have in the better we can analyze it, the better decisions we can make and get better outcomes we get better government because our businesses are more effective and those businesses thrive. then mourn portly, our citizens become more informed. i'm not sure what dollar amount you put on that, but that is important as well so we are at this tipping point and we have more and more data and more more groups like this. we have more data that is assessable and usable and actionable. how quickly we reap these benefits and the benefits are huge. it can make a huge improvement in the quality of lives and hundreds of millions of people who live here. we have to make our data more and more assessable and we also have to, one of the biggest constraints we are facing, when i talk to people in private sector, is we have to invest as a country into the skills so that we can take advantage and leverage this kind of data revolution. with that, thank you very much. [applause]. >> thank you mark. we have time for about ten minutes of questions. i think i will start out with the first one. you just finished six years in government. you are advocating for fact-based decisions and the advocate to see of the use of big data. >> i don't work for government anymore so i don't care, but one thing i am doing is writing a book and i would like to talk about all these different areas where data can really improve the quality of our lives and really improve our country. what i noticed across all of these areas where they're talking about accessibility of data and the government spending and healthcare data and veteran data, there are all these common challenges. how do do you get all the stated together while maintaining privacy? on the one hand we have this ability to take all this data of many different aspects of our lives, combine it so we can really answer these questions. again just think about the veterans example. how can we do that while maintaining privacy or the perception of privacy. the american public is getting very concerned about information that the government has in the private sector. we want to use this data on people for good. so if i have data on veterans, for instance, if i could combine it with labor market outcome and look at their credit scores and look at how much debt they have, are they making their mortgage payments? i could better design veterans policies. i could better design programs why while they are in the department of defense so that they have better options when they leave the defense department. to do that, i would have to combine data from a lot of different sources. our society has gotten into this big question about how do you do that while maintaining privacy and this perception of privacy. on one hand people give a lot of their private data to private companies. facebook knows a lot about me. facebook provides me a service in return for that. when it comes to the government doing this, or even the private sector getting more and more data on us, there is this real fear. i think it's an interesting balance. on the one hand, the more data we have, the better decisions we can make. the more data we have, there's a heightened anxiety of people. how do we have this conversation with people in order to do this? this is something i would like to really work on in some capacity at some point because again, i really do think that if we can leverage all the information out there, we can really move the social needle quite a bit. >> any questions out there? >> my question goes back to your model. one of the things i noticed that was a little bit absent from that model was the very beginning, the visioning on how data is examined or collected. to the extent that data analysis and data decision-making is a science, to what extent does there have to be active manipulation to get the type of data you need to make the decisions you want and to make sure those decisions are the right decisions but mark. >> that's a next line west appeared when it comes to hypothesized testing, that is is really hard. when i was talking about experts in the field, you are going to find lots of correlations and patterns. there's a big phrase we've all had which correlation does not equal causation. there's lots of examples of that. i think what will happen is, you've seen it before in slow-motion, the process goes back and forth as an iterative process. you look at the data and say what hypotheses can i look at with this data. then you say what data do i want. then you go collect that data. anyone who has done big data science before says wow, that was really cool. then the number of questions begins to multiply even more than the data sets themselves. as a country i think we have to be more adept that saying this is the information we have and this is what we can glean from it. what data should we be gathering? we need to to make sure that it goes both ways from hypothesis to data and then back from data to hypotheses. >> i think you had a lot of very good points. you said 91,000 local governments and the potential to impact every citizen in the country. usually when we talk about data we talk about the national level on very broad scales. what are your scales. what are your opinions of making this a way where every citizen or business can consider how they change their processes or policies and making data assessable and open data analysis to improve their analysis. >> when it comes to local government, i think we have some groups over here that represent local government. we traveled around and spoke to lots of government organizations as one of the previous speaker said, some of the big cities, for instance released data in a pretty good way. so there is a company or to to and they think what data do people want? they had this active community of, what you call them? they would bring in these people to the city of chicago and say here is our data, do something something with it. i think what they found is sometimes there are data sets that people say there's not much use for that. then there are data sets that they found really interesting. so, for instance, one example of local government in chicago is if you take a picture of a pothole, they send it into the public works department of chicago mma posted on the department of chicago's website. then they are accountable for filling that pothole in a timely manner in a timely manner because everybody knows that pothole was posted onto the website. i thought that was a great example of making information available and then making them accountable. the challenge we face, as you mentioned, is we have so many local governments. a lot of these governments don't have the resources to do this kind of stuff. you're talking about data science and making data open and data analysis. a lot of these local governments, if you look at them most recent recession, one of the biggest drags we had as the economy coming out of the state and local sector. it just plummeted in the state and local sector because of housing prices and property values. as they went down and tax revenues went down, so what's happening at the state and local government is you have some that are really working on it and some aren't. maybe what we really need our standard best practices across all these local governments. i think now that we've been doing it pretty well in the larger entities for couple years, they are beginning to learn what these best practices are. i've spoken to many of these local government organizations and they get this, but at the state and local government level, it is the human capital constraint that they are really facing. >> i'm the director of intergovernmental relations. the question i have in the human capital aspect that came up in the last question is relevant to this, all this data stuff, as you mentioned is taking place at the same time where people are getting frustrated with the cost of higher education. at the same time we need people trained in this data stuff. what implications do do you think that has for our educational system? what's the best way to educate people who are knowledgeable on the data stuff? >> one thing i've really pushed on his the community college system. if you look at community college systems across the country, i think they are doing a better and better job working with local businesses to match the skills of workers. when you survey businesses, which you often see is there is a skills mismatch issue. we can't find people with the right skills. how many many people are in that mismatch category? it's really in the millions. we are thinking about getting these skills to do this data stuff, we have to think outside the traditional four-year college degree. also, society always pushes lifelong learning. how do we learn the skills? i'm teaching myself the data processing language. what i'm surprised that is the number of online courses that don't have anything for me to learn this. it requires a certain amount of dedication and i have to know a lot of people who know a lot about the stuff so i'm pointed in the right direction. fundamentally, we know the cost of higher education has far outpaced the other part of the economy. to answer your question, i think the think the community college system is really huge. in your first year now, you take a computer programming course in many places. it's a way to think. this is something that everyone should be familiar with. when i was in high school, a long time ago, i took fortran. that was the exception not the rule back then. what can we do to teach kids today things about coding? again when i was under secretary, there are a lot of camps work kids would learn java and then they would make an app. that makes it really fun. i think the way computer science used to be taught was done in a really nerdy way. it it was done in an exclusive way. not only is it where you get your education but it's how the stuff is taught which i thing is really fascinating as well. >> thank you. that was a a great question to wrap up our keynote. thank you very much mark doms. [applause]. now more from the data transparency : conference with darrell. as part of the conference it is just under an hour.hfeaç >> hello everyone, thank you for being here and braving the traffic in support of the open of structured data. you really don't want to hear me talk as you do the man on my left. i will be quick. research data group provides compliance services and software tools to public companies to help them communicate with investors and comply with regulations with greater ease. we've been in this industry for nearly 30 years. we are excited to see all the changes that have taken place recently. our country is finally pushing forward with real changes. now if we now if we can just be more effective and efficient. those words normally do not correspond with government but we are finally making the move in the right direction. the single most important change in the past ten years has been the passing of the data act. we are very, very enthusiastic. we understand that opening up government data can help everyone in the country. not just idealistically but it is going to be in a very practical sense, the organ asic organization that links organizations and people make better decisions in all aspects. many people have a hard time understanding how large and undertaking the transformation from static documents to searchable data is. our speaker for this panel is representative darrell. he knows this cannot be achieved by one team or one person or one agency. it requires a concerted effort from many individuals. he also knows there is more to be done and more leadership that's needed to really transform this data rather revolution. without further ado. >> with that kind of intraday introduction, i should just take the applause and leave. first of first of all, thank you very much. the one name you didn't mention is without partners on the hill, things don't happen. my partner in the data act in the senate was senator warner. i think it is extremely important to understand, he was the one that went to harry reid and demanded the bill be moved. although senator reid, ultimately we made law together. the data act is just as it said, a major piece of legislation but it is just a start. you can write legislation but unless you oversee it and implement it and are diligent day after day, it will be meaningless. today there are many cios who are not confident nor do they have the financial controls, the budget controls, of their project. that's another major stumbling block. it doesn't mean there hasn't been a law passed, it means we in fact have to stay on top of it and we have partners in that effort. i think most congressmen have one thing they can do very, very well and that is they can talk about their next piece of legislation. i want to get that out of the way without any mystery. the financial transparency act, obviously law, the next steps are to insist that we make all data in government just as good and just as available. some of it is hard. just before i was coming up, they started saying, what, what happens if you're taking a picture of a pothole? how do you make a picture of a pothole on a machine searchable? if you are using a camera that is modern, you will have the gps location. you will have the time and date. you will have rich metadata and if not lost, it does make a unique location for that unique picture for that unique time extremely valuable and searchable. it may may not tell you why it was taken or whether it has been fixed, but at least it's a start. i want to mention one thing that i have a passion for and that is modernizing. the data act is a standard that helps a tool. the freedom of information act is, today, in my opinion, a great success but is a fraction of what it was intended to be and what it could be. every day, countless individuals, companies, news organizations and law firms try to receive information. the first thing that happens is it goes to a human being who begins a search process who then begins looking through the data in order to redact information that will not be given. literally a human nightmare to be able to do it. under the data act, we act, wenvis en metadata will be so easily searched that when you're looking for, you won't even have to ask because the vast majority of information will already be available online, with appropriate identifiable information and other fields that have been predetermined. it will be limited to, i looked at the data, it indicates something more and i believe i have a right to some portion of what is redacted. knowing what you're asking for and cutting down the number of requester magically because the majority of what you want is already there, available, online and searchable and to be developed is a good start to making government open and transparent. i think one of the most important things i can do at my age is to tell the young people in the room how we got here. why we shouldn't be here but why it was logical some how to get here. nearly 40 years ago, i ran my first computer program. well i ran part of it until the card popped up saying i had a flaw in my program. yeah, giggles in the back, you haven't held a stack of cards with three failures in it and only one gets shown because you have to run it again before you find the next mistake line by line by line. in those days, days, we all understood that each card was simply more or less of zero and a one. everything was. he data and we were turning it into something. over the next few years, we turned computer programs into devices that could be run for all areas. you could bypass one error and go on. we also began also began printing out massive amounts of ascii characters on printers. absolutely useful information unless you read it. behind that, if you had an index, you could find out anything you wanted to find out about the data you were building. at that moment, whether it was a deck or a digital corporation or an ibm or an hp or a myriad of other companies, many of whom are not here today, had we said we have the beginning of metadata, we have what we index and let store in those characters, we would have been fine. but we didn't do it. what we did was we continued along with proprietary indexing. proprietary calls that were embedded with no standard. many organizations over the next many decades built standard after standard after standard that were, well you can have as many standards as you want and everyone picked a different one. today we know that we can build standards that everyone can use or export two or make available and still maintain their proprietary calls. that's the future that is now with us. one of the questions is, how do do we get from a law implementation, and there are really three components to it. one component is very, very clearly public demand. the public has to look at the benefit they get from open data. all of us who know and can know where our airplane flight is coming in or even while you're on the airplane, find out exactly where you are, are benefiting from data that has been made open for the application industry. all of us who have an app, everyone in the room has a weather app somewhere. you only use it when you worry, but it is there all the time. again, data made open imagine if all the spending of government, all the vendors were made open and available for nonclassified work. imagine how quickly you could find out that the government, through no fault of its own is ten different prices for the same product. in fact they may buy once from the company that manufactures it, once from a distributor and several times from retailers and not even be aware that the way they went out for contracts they did that. imagine how how much savings we would have. let's also imagine a world in which government stops. i said there were three parts. government stops making that progress and goes back. what do we do about it? is it natural is it natural for vendors to say, the data act is great but it might hurt my particular revenue stream downstream so i'm not going to do it? in less the executive branch says no, we need it. , we are not looking for open software but we are looking for open data and we insist on it. imagine as government goes from one program to one person to one time to another, congress simply closes their eyes and said we passed that law, were good. i think you can quickly imagine that if congress takes its eyes off the oversight than the weeks and the months and the years and the decades will go by and we will still have legacy programs and post legacy programs and post post legacy programs. such as the programs in the 60s that the irs claims they are still using with computers from the 60s. we can still have that and pay a huge price for that. under the data act, the government has huge responsibility. treasury has has huge opportunity, but when i said that it's public, the executive branch in congress would have the primary responsibility, i should have said the public must demand in the public must continue to demand, it's the public that must ask why not because the only way to get the executive branch to stay on it is for it to be important in a political sense. the the only way for congress to stay on it is for it to be meaningful at organizations like this that are dedicated to it. i charge all of you, we passed the law, i intend for the rest my career to stay on top of it for the best of my ability every day, but you have an opportunity and others are doing it right now. every time you build an app or try to build an app to take advantage of data that's being available, market to the public the benefit of rich data sets and your frustrations need to be communicated in three ways. to the executive branch, your congress one might say i'm here today, that was a good line, i met met i'm the congress for today, and lastly you have to communicate it to be public. do not go quietly into its going to happen next week, next month, next year., next year. it's not in the budget this year. if you have a success market it to the public and say it's because of open data. if you're being thwarted or delayed make sure you go just as public with it. ultimately, somewhere there is some bureaucrat, bless their heart, i was a bless their heart when i don't mean it, and they are just a matter of weeks or months or years from retirement and they just don't want to have that challenge. the people that work for them and come "after words" want it. for all the young energetic government workers who want to be thought of as the leading edge of technology, make sure you go public there somebody there that is looking and saying that will happen on the next person's watch because i only have three years left till retirement and that's too much hassle. you notice i didn't mention government contractors. i didn't didn't do so because my assumption is contractors do what is important and what is put into the bids. one of of the areas that i'm working with other members of congress is to ensure that congress begins pushing the executive branch to make sure that it's in the bid and there is a benefit in the bid. the old some contractor or contractor for the government or government agency directly should be modernizing a program and have an incentive to take us from where we've been to where we need to be. that will be a monumental change. on-time, on budget of course is important. on-time, on budget and saving the american people billions of dollars over the next decade by opening up data has got to be in the bid. you won't see at the day the software is delivered but you will see it for generations to come. i just want to make sure i didn't miss anything. in closing, we are just starting. in closing this is the opening round for open data. there are companies that will take advantage of it and make fortunes. there are nonprofits who will take advantage of it and embarrass people in the administration, not just in this administration but the next one in the net one after. if i have my way, the same level of open data will be great for the public and questionable for congress as it gets opened in all the branches. i want to close by saying, this is the start. i'm delighted you are here and there is in fact a coalition that dedicates itself to the same thing senator warren and i were honored to be able to start. the conference is a delight delight to attend. i look forward to next year having a list of accomplishments because i believe this presidency, which was promised to be the most open and transparent does have an opportunity to show that it can open up government in the areas that are least understood and least transparent and do it before the lights go off for this administration. i think they will. i think they have set a course, they have appointed good people and now the question is where will we hold them to a timeline that is the same as the timeline for the president. if any timeline is offered to you this year, if it's one day after january 20, 2017, then it's not a timeline, it's a dream. we don't need dreams or promises. we need what will you deliver before january 20, 2017. pink you very much for being here. >> we will take some questions from the audience. >> one of the requirements of the data act is that they have to get their reporting and recipients have to report back. what do you see as the biggest obstacle in achieving that and getting current recipients to report? >> that is a great question. grant recipients was one of the reason it passed out of the house in a bipartisan basis and sat for two years. there are two reasons there is an obstacle. one i can understand. your university professor your university professor and getting a couple million dollar every so many years. you are used to loosely living up to the grant but perhaps, hiring an administrative assistant here or there that only loosely work on the program. the data act is intended to really follow the money and see whether it is auditable as being spent appropriately to whatever the grant was for and we think that's important and those who shy away from it often do so because it's nice to get a pot of money. i don't want to say laws were broken or anything else but co- mingling and moving around of money has gone on in universities since the ncr 500 and me and university. that's one challenge. the other challenges we in government, we write grants and take applications and until the administration realizes that, no one should have to enter data twice. every entity should have a number and once it has a number it is personal identifiable information. it is single database should be there. just like most of us when we login, we expect we expect to login and it doesn't matter all matter if it's the cloud with google or our local device. we want to login and have it say hi darryl and have all kinds of information there so we don't have to enter it twice. if you assume, for example at the university of4h information is automatically populated, it's not asking you information but asking you to fact check what comes up, then you see a reason for for this information delivered this way to be valuable. that is government's responsibility. live up to the dream that you shouldn't have to enter, again and again and again, even if it's at a different agency, the exact same information. allow that information to be valuable to the university that is overseeing thousands of dollars worth of grants. : >> >> the people that don't really understand the piece of data looks like. like names sense of security number but there are obvious things as data is released from more sources you to take that data set to read it together to figure out who is to so my question is this will create a political backlash what policies are put in place to help these agencies come up and educate themselves that will bite them in the ass later on? >> and ass is a technical term? [laughter] >> you hit on the challenges of the of metadata that it's the properly defined to find a name and social security number but programs have been written without compliant metedata identifiers and that has to happen and that is a matter to say here is a federal standard because the last thing you want to do is deal with it as if you had five spreadsheets by five different people at the top of every cell with the government agencies to put that in a format with a standard comparison. having said that, your challenge as a software developer, yes the post office happens to have a great program that works. come on. [laughter] if you take your data sets because you have entered your name and address a end your zip code as well as you can and you give them the data it corrects almost everything your abbreviation from avenue or street to make it compliant and the zip code plus a and though logic that it takes is amazing to take bad typos of data entry and software is going to have to do a lot of that with the short term to get a lot of data in the second or third time it would take cleanup of logic for software companies and to apply appropriate it identifiable metedata switch doesn't have to be further scrubbed in the future and i believe although funding from congress those earmarks and actions to get the data but you shouldn't be is inferior because they do need to clean up their data and if the post office can be part of the solution that un companies like you should not worry about being scrubbed. >>. >> with a hitch amount of valuable data i want to look can say where is the spending on the same activity? that just because i care about spending but if there is the duplication and to coordinate. is their interest nor a commitment to save for example, agencies are required to identify the program but one may say say, water quality safety or water quality research is there an opportunity to further use cases like i described? >> the answer is yes. if we get cooperation from the administration we should not need a new law the omb requiring all the agencies said a common standard can do a lot of this. years ago i had a simple task. everything is simple until you get the bill but how many jet aircraft does the government own? what models, how long have they been around and who controls them? it will surely after 9/11 / was a junior member. they laughed at me. but i kept asking as the years went on and it is amazing. even department of defense has whole joint group with multiple officers trying to figure out where all their aircraft are who controls them and what they do. that is pretty simple. you spend a few million dollars each, there is only so many, 1,000 non-combat fighter aircraft. it shouldn't be that hard to figure out but if you wanted that information today it would cost the government a fortune because the coast guard has their aircraft in this group has there's a and so on. you are exactly right. interoperable standards defoe's named the same or similar thing of a number that is identifiable to not only find the exact match but with a characteristic difference a unique metedata identifier and that is what we get to is a standard setting for what you call something it is identical and omb has a responsibility the interagency cooperation with a tractor in the army in to be some part of the world well somebody is waiting to buy something the other one had zero property disposal and it cost billions. >> if you run out of questions i have a second speech. >> i have heard you talk about supporting the concept to establish a common language. a very powerful concept of congress's ability to support its function is in its capacity. >> el answer the question as i interpret that. >> i think i heard you say what will happen if it is fully implemented that all data is made meaningful by a common program searching databases like google to go out what they wrote about their congressmen and. the questions that people have if properly represented at the veterans administration and center is based on a shortfall of doctors or the efficiency within the hospital. if m&a democracy with the ability of every individual to know more before they ask the question to get the information directly rather than months or years later can have a dramatic effect i would love nothing more than for my constituents to know the wait times at the hospital and the ratio with the doctors and to be able to say my hospital is underperforming what's wrong? that type of the question is so much more powerful. so i see that as empowering to members with a constituent requests for that is very targeted to be cleaned by the constituent breezily gotten by a case worker rather than waiting weeks or months. so that is part of it but much of it will only happen if the software industry supporting this provides those two walls i have no illusions that one of my case workers in california there is no way she will develop a program to search the database but to be made available if the data is searchable with the google standard i don't care by just wanted available to make caseworker and 534 others. >> one of the things that the heavy lifting happens that the agency lowlands has a talk about sentiments of the implementation with the analysis and analytics kerry lee it is sad testament for that data act. do you have the capacity to fully implement an act because that casual conversation to have access to be compliant what you say about that capacity issue? >> agency that you work with? >> i have before but not currently. work for a charity. >> but you said some agencies didn't think they had the ability and wondered if you wanted to name one of those. [laughter] is an old have been. [laughter] the answer to a question like that is a leadership question from the white house. those that think they don't have the ability. that is the reason the omb is on behalf of the president to say we need a plan from every agency. what are the roadblocks? what are your short-term with easy low hanging fruit. what is in the format? what portion is not? all those questions and i don't want to use shortfall did ministrations willingness to do some of this but you are right. it is typical for the agency to say another mandate from congress it is the unfunded because what they got was not for that. i don't expect movement unless the process goes forward agencies are directed to give guidance. and in my estimation bloodbath the sec -- i can never pronounce the word that says they do not want to urge u.s. but quite frankly with 70 agencies are far along to have the data in the right for rent and then not providing it in some cases. this is where it is important to shed light of day agencies for what they need to do and that the same time the law has to be implemented so let me know that is why we have thousands of people with appointees there is an army of people appointed to the president we will meet with them anytime. the chairman will meet with them anytime. but until they tell us what they don't have my assumption is a lack of leadership when you hear that the only question is what have you done to find out your capabilities you are told where you have to end up you already know where you are. but i would propose to all of you that if an agency can type a few keys that some level to get a piece of information they noted the available information with that system to build that index on the screen or a piece of paper those entities that match to export to the excel spreadsheet then we have everything except metedata assigned to those fields to make it interoperable. that is where people misunderstand with then a particular program they have everything they need but what they don't have interoperable identifiers and vetted every agency would publish their key is to another agency you could build the table to bring them together we have that effect comes from multiple agencies but now everybody has to understand you have to go back to your program to add another no. what is a common number to use throughout government now you never have to do it again. that is the magic to implement the dates and act looking at those ambiguities to fix them now you don't have to spend $100,000 every time government or congress asks for a report to. that common unique number is to say i know you made up numbers now we will not make them up any more. you were right at the local level it cannot be done but to prepare that information for the process to do its job. i do see some heads shaking if anybody talks about their beginning they lose the audience immediately but sadly my computer time began in the '70s looking at everything based on of few bits of data and the old processors but we imagined that we could now we can and if we just take the time to imagine if that is why i am so excited. >> they should have left to the microphone down there. they asked a great questions but they are shy. up front you get the great questions. >> i hope i live up to that i work with the association of government accounts and this would not surprise you considering who wear work for but talk about a accuracy of data the analytics don't work if it is an accurate to begin with the idea of a management certification so when they submit into a system the manager has to sign a statement to this say to the best of his or her knowledge the information is correct. do you think that is a logical approach? if not what is a good approach to make data more accurate? >> i like yours. as someone who headed a company has said ico board member i am acutely aware as they had to sign of financial statements we pass sarbanes-oxley requiring the cfo and ceo to some kind you can go to jail your accumulation could be taken away if also makes the assumption for a reasonable due diligence to know that those facts are correct i have taken the diligence to do so. that is the standard for the equivalent of government now is that the co equivalent or the ceo? that is something the government has to work out. . . that's why you have to determine, we have to determine at the start who is going to sign it. that person has to be in a position where they have transparency and it comes time to sign it they don't say, i'm not signing it, i didn't do that. that has to be the case. your point is correct. it is the right way to do it. certainly the cio has a role in it. that would likely be one of the people that would have to be a signator. the other point, you said data accuracy and so on. i think i think i want to make a point, years ago when we did the stimulus act, we appointed a special board and the chairman comes right out of being one of the most popular ig's and we tell him show us where the money is being spent. of course, it was a disaster. for political purposes, the administration wanted to show how much money was going to every congressional district. i remember in remember in the first week, the press had a heyday because there were congressional rate and they got a 58. there were numbers that corresponded with nothing. it was wonderful. it was wonderful because the public sought, said this is absurd and it got corrected. working with the others involved, we had a system that because of the transparency and because the data was open and available, for all the flaws, it quickly got corrected because we had 300 million people that had a vested interest in looking at it and sometimes mocking it. i would call that the greatest success you have because it could be fixed. it was built to be open and transparent and to search for ways that rooted out a lot of fraud. so, the stimulus, i may not have liked it, i didn't vote for it but at least we knew where the money was spent in the software supporting it turned out to be a good basis for us demanding all of government to do it and the data act. >> we have one more question from the back. >> okay, that last question was so cool that i hope you can live up to it. >> i really hope so. i am the founder of an it firm. we focus on data in international development. we do a lot of work with foreign assistance. how do you see the data act and the international transparency initiative and other open data working on an international stage and what can the u.s. government do to help encourage many partners who are less than transparent to change their mind as a member of foreign affairs, i said bless you for a reason. i'll tell you how big the problem is and then give you a partial solution in early august i was in nigeria. only a few weeks before i was there, the new president had come to the white house and treasury had briefed the president on the fact that his minister of energy, who the previous president had as a mistress, had stolen half a billion dollars essentially every month for more than five years. the arithmetic of half a billion every month for years is pretty amazing. a great deal of it is in real estates and other assets in the united states for the department of treasury was saying to the new president, if you if you will charge her with a crime, we can freeze the assets and get your government back this large amount of money. she hasn't been charged. they can't charge her because they are stealing just as much. the whole game in nigeria is soul so corrupt that they actually backup whole steamers with clandestine pipelines to take the oil in vast amounts, and if you are the u.s. oil company and you say anything, you will get shut down, so you just produce your oil and you don't worry about how many holes there are in the pipeline. that level of corruption in nigeria begs the question of how do we account for the half billion dollars that we give them in aid every year because while they're stealing and building palaces around the world, including united states, their people are suffering particularly in the east where boko haram is kidnapping girls and ran and ransoming. the truth is some problems are so tough you can't fix them. on the other hand if we go to the palestinian territories where we have a major aid program going on for years where you can actually look and see their entire entire government spending online. the began began trying to get rid of ghost employees. the fact is, you do the best you can with the country you have. the department of state has to decide, do we give a half billion dollars to a rich company that stealing from itself or not? i would say in nigeria that decision is perhaps were giving money to a hopeless situation in which, as much as we'd like to help the people, it's clear the government has the ability to do it they just don't have the will to do it. in other areas where the government says i need help, then you make the standards for the government to make sure or allow you to make sure that those are vetted and accountable and that those ngos are not being held up by government agencies. in nigeria, i would hate to be an ngo trying to deliver services knowing that there is a lot of things being siphoned off by thugs along the way. many countries we do business with and help, that is not the case. the answer is, the data act can certainly help you see the performance of ngos, how much money in and how much real service out. it can follow some of the money in the banking system in most countries. we can do a lot to inform the department of state. i don't know that we can make that decision about what we do in afghanistan or in nigeria. in sub-saharan africa, every country is a different challenge. good data is only as good as the first dollar spent and the ngo for accountability. what i will say, and you deal with this, the vast majority of ngos are honest and the ones that aren't honest, the honest ones are telling you loud and clear that they are stealing. so a lot of it, and i worked this a lot on my old committee and for the bears, a lot of it is about listening. there's a real accusation by one that they're getting ripped off by others, it's a management decision. if you give the inspector general direct access to the data as it is, in most cases, they can find it and they can disqualify those ngos. that means more money arrives where it's supposed to be. again, i can sell the data act for what it can do, but it's only going to be as good as the transparency to the public who insists on their money being well spent or the agencies who now have better transparency making good management decisions. i don't want to go any further because i've stated as hard as i can on that particular issue. what's your closing closing question? can i leave now? [laughter] >> we have a networking break. >> thank you. >> tomorrow, the senate intelligence committee holds a hearing on cyber security. you will hear testimony from michael rogers, commander of the u.s. cyber command and director of the national security agency. watch it at 230 eastern time on c-span three and c-span.org. >> the c-span network feature weekend full of nonfiction books in american history. the pope's visit to the united states continue saturday as he travels from new york to philadelphia. live coverage starts at 4:45 p.m. eastern as pope francis speaks at independence hall. then at 7:30 pm, the pontiff attends the festival of families which is part of the world meeting of families. moving to our road to the white house coverage, join us house coverage, join us sunday evening at 6:35 p.m. as harvard professor talks about his decision to run for president and his suggestions to change the political system. on c-span c-span to book tv, saturday night at 10:00 p.m., fox news host bill o'reilly speaks with dave buchanan on his latest book on sunday afternoon at one pm, author author and investor doug casey sits down with book tv at freedom fest in las vegas to discuss his latest book on politics and economics. on american history tv, on c-span three, saturday evening starting at 7:00 p.m., we are live from gettysburg college to mark the 100 anniversary of eisenhower's birth. sunday afternoon at four pm on real america, and archival film documenting the 1963 visit of three visit of the king and queen of afghanistan to the united states which included a meeting with president kennedy and upright through washington d.c. get a complete schedule at c-span.org. >> today presidential candidate donald trump visited columbia, south carolina and took part in a form. he discussed the economy, immigration economy, immigration and republican efforts to win over minority voters. from columbia, south carolina this is just under an hour. >> thank you. goodness gracious. i tell you what, i would like to say that i draw a crowd, but my goodness gracious [applause]. i see a whole lotta trump out there. he can't hear you. i said i see a whole lotta trump out there [applause]. were going to have a good night tonight. i'm excited about tonight and the fact that we have amazing people running for the united states presidency. i'm excited about the fact we have a tractor to our party energy and enthusiasm and a lot of young people out in the audience today. i love it. i will tell you, i was at two high schools recently in the first two questions, now when you are in high school, you rarely have political questions. but two of the questions i received a few weeks ago was, they were about donald trump. then i knew, in fact, young people are being attracted to the political conversation because of the quality and strength of our candidates and donald trump is bringing a lot of folks. looking around a little bit. i'm excited about the night and i know you're excited about the night. you don't want to hear me pontificate any longer so all stop talking and introduce my special guest tonight. here's a guy who started in middle america and worked his way through his family business, took it over and added a little steroids to it. [laughter] i know we have some amazing folks running for president, but here's a person person who understands business. would you agree? [applause]. here's a guy that brings an independent spirit perspective to the political process. would you agree? that's welcome to the stage, donald trump [applause]. >> thank you. thank you tim, so much. thank you. your good man. good man. man. thank you tim. thank you very much. thank you. we just had an amazing day. i was in a different part of the state and we had some incredible people and i love the people of south carolina. [applause]. i have to show you, so just to tell you about the press. he knows about the press. tim knows. i was one of your first supporters ever. maybe your first. before he was, who knows, who knows, before he became this big shot. you know what, we are proud of tim. that i can tell you. [applause]. so we just got these phone number poll numbers. were doing great. 39%. second, i will tell you, they are 20 and they go down from there. we are doing very well. it was good call for the election tomorrow, in some places you can do that. let's do it. do it tomorrow. one of the. one of the other things i was explaining for tim, the big headline in florida, rubio, who by the way has the highest, the entire senate, maybe i'm not supposed to say this, but he missed more days than anyone else in the senate. rubio passes bush in florida. this is the headline. people are happy about that. i'm even happy about that. rubio passes bush in florida polls. i thought all that's too bad. i thought i'd do great in florida. but then i read the story. donald trump is leading. they don't even put me in the headline and i'm crushing it. you will all figure that out. the press is very dishonest, not all of it, but much of it. i just want to say it's an honor to be here. tim asked me to be and he's a special person and anytime he wants me to come to south carolina, i'm here. i mean it. [applause]. he's going to grill me now. am i supposed to make a speech, he said no and i said good, i like that better. i hope you not to be like mike wallace from the old days. let's sit down. thank you all very much. thank you for being here. >> we have some celebrities with us and i have my most important celebrities sitting in the front row. my mom is here with us tonight. >> beautiful. hello francis. >> she did a good job. look at the sky. >> as you know donald, the way this works is i asked questions from the audience members who submitted a question. my goal is to make sure we get as many questions as possible. were not were not looking for soundbites. we are looking for thorough answers. i'll start with a question from samantha bailey. she said other than immigration, when you you look at challenge we face in this country, what would be three other priorities you would have? >> okay. we have to get rid of at least some of the debt if not all. we are up are up to $19 trillion and we have a country -- i want to get rid of obamacare. i want to repeal it [applause]. and we want to replace it. we want to replace it with something terrific and we have a lot of options. there are so many options. i don't know if you see your premiums are going through the roof, right? they are going through the roof. they are up 40 - 50%. one person said to me 55%. the second thing would be we want to build up the military [applause]. as part of that, i said all the time, i think it will be my strength. everybody says jobs will be my strength and i think that will be. cnn did the pole and i was through the roof on jobs and leadership. a little bit less when it came to personality. can you believe that? but i said what said what difference does it make? we have to win. the military is important and taking care of our vets. [applause]. our vets are treated like third class citizens. the illegals that come in, the illegal immigrants, in many cases, you go go to california and they're getting driver's license, there be taken care of better than our vets. that will will not happen if i win. that i can tell you. >> there are so many people that have had the same question. i know there are similar questions on the issue of immigration. securing our borders without any question is one of your top parties you've talked about. i also went asked you, go into some depth about how you would secure the border. what are some things you would do to secure the border and what you think about our legal immigration question at. >> so this is one of my favorite questions because, if you remember, when, when i announced three months ago that i was running, i made statements and everyone thought it was wonderful but then a week later, rush limbaugh said nobody has ever received so much incoming. incoming needs the press. i brought up illegal immigration. it turned out i was right. you have so many problem and crime and you have so much. the woman in san francisco was such a shame. she was shot in the back five or six times. you have a woman two weeks ago in california was a 66-year-old veteran raped, sodomized and killed by the illegal immigrant. it's a horrible problem. you have the drugs flowing across the border and you have our money flowing out. we get the drugs, they get the money and frankly, i think, tim is bringing that up is the second question. a lot of times it's the first question, if i weren't involved in weren't in this campaign, if i were sitting in new york doing nothing right now which would be easy, a lot of people say why would he run? he has this nice life, but we want to make america great again. it's so important [applause]. i think if i didn't run you wouldn't need me asking the question in immigration cuts at the nobody was even thinking about it. we watch these politicians and they're all talk and no action. nothing would ever happen. believe me, we will have a strong border and a wall. not a wall that you buy a ladder and and you go over it. it's gonna be a wall and mexico is gonna pay for the wall. but believe me. mexico is going to pay for the wall. just to finish, i love mexico love mexico and i love the mexican people. the mexican leadership is to smart for our leadership. we have people who don't know what they are doing and we are going to have great negotiators that know what they are doing. working to make deals right now. i last some of my people, what is the trade deficit with mexico? it's like $45 billion. then to say, we can get them to pay for it, but we can get anybody in this audience as a messenger can do this. what's the trade deficit with china? it's almost $400 almost $400 billion a year. $400 billion. what's the deficit with japan? it's almost $70 billion. are we crazy? that won't happen with trump, believe me [applause]. >> jim are you here with us? jim has a question about energy. we are expensing some low prices but the fact of the matter is the average person in the country who are living close to her in poverty, the energy cost is about 20% of their paycheck. the question is, what would you do as president to manage our energy as a nation to make sure that we have responsible pricing and that the average person in the country can think less about the price of the pump? >> we can really be the energy capital of the world. we have so much technology. we have no idea we are sitting on the kind of resources that we are actually on. with proper work in proper -- i've been saying for a long time people heard me, when it was going at 100, it should be 30 or 25 or 40. that's what's going to turn out to be true. we had a case where hundreds of ship were out of c loaded up with oil and didn't know what to do with it. now what's happening is the opec is being broken up. the monopoly is broken up. we have to help people out. the people that really bear the brunt are the very poor people. i've heard numbers like 25 or 20%. one of the things we will do is get prices down even further. the oil companies won't be thrilled. lots of people will be thrilled in that business but energy should be coming down and i think it will. >> barry walker have very similar questions about how to make america great again economically. i know next thursday you are coming out with your plan from an economic perspective. if you were to give us a glimpse of what we can expect from trump in the white house by providing jobs to america, what what would that look like? >> my whole life i've been working to build a great company turnberry in scotland, trump tower, so many great assets. many many iconic and wonderful assets. i built a network that is over $10 billion with tremendous tremendous cash flow and very little debt. it has been amazing. i will tell you that other people have to go out. you need the american dream. i talk i talk about this all of the time. again, the press, i'm afraid i'm afraid to say and i never say the american dream is dead because they always cut me up. i always say the american dream is dead but were gonna make it bigger and better and stronger than ever. when my wife comes home she's very upset and i say what's wrong? she said you shouldn't say the american dream is dead. that's too that's too harsh. i didn't say that. i said the american dream is dead but were to make it bigger and better and stronger than ever. i turn on the television, tivo, it's nice to see what happened 20 minutes ago. i turn it on and it says trump, the american dream is dead and i get cut. i say wow, that's terrible. working to make the american dream. working to bring it back. working to bring it back. were to bring it back so people can dream again. i have so many people saying that you can't do this anymore. you can't build these great companies anymore. you can even build small businesses because of regulation. i can name hundreds of regulations that you have to go through to put up a house, let alone do a business. we can we can get rid of probably 75% of the regulations, and probably more than that. [applause]. so, we are going to bring the american dream back. were gonna create jobs because were taken back from china and japan and we are going to get along with china and japan. what people don't realize, we don't have our negotiators. we have people who are political hacks and people who gain contributions and get jobs in the government. i'm still funding by the way. i don't know if i get credit for that. i feel foolish. people want to give millions of dollars to my campaign but i'm not taking it. it's not the way my mind works. the guy wants to give me millions of dollars i should take it. i feel a little bit foolish. i don't know, i'm know, i'm self funding. i'm the only one self funding. i'm finding these packs, it's ridiculous. they're controlling the politicians. the packs are controlling the politicians. i think it's horrible. people are putting down money, in fact millions and they don't like trump. all these candidates paid for a pack and of course the candidate doesn't know about it. yeah right. they put their best friend in charge of their lawyer at in charge and i never ever speak. i have to tell you. it's disgraceful and they're breaking the laws. the packs are now controlling everything. the people who contribute to the packs are really on a razor edge. the candidates are are being controlled by the packs. i'm self funding funding. when i fly here i'm paying for it 100%. that's the way it is. i do say one thing, i always preface it by saying however i love -- i have a woman who contributed $7 and $.40 with a three-page letter. i love that. i have people who do contribute to my campaign. it's not a lot of money, but the worst i can do is send back small amounts of money. so we accept small amount of money because they're investing in the campaign and for the country they are thinking about the good of the donor, especially if there finished running for office again. [applause] so

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