>> c-span created 35 years ago and brought to you as a local service by your local cable company or satilate provider. next, the senior advisor to the president discusss the presid t president's climate change initiative and then eric holder is speaking. on the next washington journal, we will discuss the housing reform bill and then adam synder looks at the highway trust fund that provides most federal support for state transportation projects. your phone calls, facebook comments and tweets. live at 7 a.m. eastern on c-span. we set-up our own prison. >> writes in article that climate change has moved from distant threat to present day problems. it will be released at a whitehouse event and drive the remaining two years of the environmental agenda. the whitehouse is believed to be organizing a number of events to give the report greater exposure. it goes to know to say a draft version of the report says americans are noticing changes with summers hotter and periods of heat last longer than any living american experiences. average temperature in the united states has increased by 1.5 since 1895 with more than 80% of the rise since 1980. the last decade was the hottest on record in the united states. that from a story in the guardian on a reported to be released tuesday. and now our report about congress' efforts to block the epa's greenhouse gas rules. his remarks are 20 minutes. >> good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. happy monday. i hope everyone has recovered from prom and had a fine time on what turned out to be a beautiful weekend weather wise. as you can see i have the senior advisor to the president. he is no stranger to many of you. he is here to talk about energy and energy efficiency issues and he will make a presentation at the top and stay for questions. if you could direct questions to him at the top and we will let him go and i will remain for questions on other subjects. >> thank you, jay. it is good to be back here. not really. [laughter] >> you know i don't lie. but i am going to run through a few slides as jay noted. president obama pledged to make 2014 are a year of action. and the administration and the american economy are firing on all cylinders when it comes to producing more energy and cleaner energy and energy efficiency. we prepared a few slides because we are doing a few projects and to show you contacts done by cia and jason is out of town. i can walk through the slides. the first one, the united states has the largest producer of natural gas and producer of gas and oil in the world. it's projected that the united states will continue to be the largest producer for natural gas until 2030. we have produced more oil here than brought in overseas. domestic energy is boosting economic growth. it accounted for .22 and .24 percent of growth in 2013 which is the highest on record. that had a direct impact on employment. 133,000 jobs in the last three years in the oil and natural gas extraction sector and the numbers are expected to continue to grow. but we have been producing more oil and natural gas at home, we are cutting our energy usage and improving energy efficiency and that is part of what the president when he says we have an all of the above strategy of trying to produce more domestic energy but using it in a more efficient way. the efficiency standards like the fuel standards in 2012 are driving down the amount of money for goods and services. consumption of gas is below the expected trend lines. that is expected as the energy efficiency standards come into place that go out to 2025 and will save consumers 1.7 trillion dollars. and we are evolving a cleaner overall energy mix as we boost oil and gas production. renewable internally energy is on the rise. cleaner burning natural gas is the only fossil fuel that is greg -- growing and it will keep the united states economy growing and help achieve the president's goal of reducing greenhouse gas emission in the range of 17%, below 2005 levels by 2020. and since president obama took office we increased electricity generation from solar by more than ten times and tripled were production from wind power. every four minutes another home or business went solar. federal business is doing its part to make sure the trend continue with clean sources. there wasn't one project five years ago and now doi is on track to issue permits to power 6 million homes. and finally the last slide, please. power plants that create electricity with fossil fuels are the single source of co 2 emissions and accounted for 30% in 2012 and 31% of green has gas emissions. the transmission to natural gas is deployment of more renewable meant the co2 emissions are trending in the right way and that is down but we have more work to do and that is what we are up to this week. i am finish with just to give you a sense of where we are, we are working every day to implement the president's climate action plan. we have made, i think, important gains on all three fronts of the climate action plan he released last year mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. and leading the international a now -- negotiations to tackle this. we are calling forth the national climate assessment and that will be released tomorrow at the whitehouse. the president will be spending time speaking to weather men about what the report's finding mean for communities across america. this third national climate assessment is the most authority information produced about how climate change is going to impact all regions of the united states and key sectors of the national economy. it has been a tremendous undertaking and hundreds of the best climate scientist in the private and public sector have worked over the last four years to produce this report. this assessment is about presenting actionable science. we expect it will contain a huge amount of practical knowledge that state and local decision makers can plan for the impact of climate change and make communities more resilient. sta starting on wednesday the administration is holding a thee day better building challenge. the president launched a challenge to help american building to become more efficient by 20%. 2 billion squarefeet of real estate are on track to make this. this saves on the utility pills and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. this week's event will highlight progress on the public and private sector. and finally coming out of last months solar summit and an p anticipating the better building summit, the president has been using the power of the phone and we have been working to get more commitments on partners and more offefficiency in the big sectord solar across the economy. we will are aanoonings announcements on that at the end of the week. we will have impacts that the icc warned about about and the national climate assessment will bring into the sharp focus with the united states. with that, i will take questions. >> i had a question on power plants. you mentioned briefly. can you give us a sense about what the president is planning on that front in terms of executive actions and regulations perhaps later this year? >> the president has asked the epa to regulate the existing power plants under the clean air act and set a june 1 deadline. i think we will meet that or be close to that. the epa has modeled a proseal that is being reviewed right now. we will have a proposed rollout in the beginning of june. >> a chart showed a decline in gas and a more efficient use of gasoline. the highway trust fund is running out of funds because of this. that has been the source of funding for infrastructure repair in the country. to what extent would you support increasing the gas tax to replenish that fund or replace funding in another way? >> we just put forward a bill on surface transportation that replaces it. but you raise an important point. the stable funding for the grit infrastructure needs of the united states is currently experiencing whether that is crumbling roads or bridges or building a more modern infrastructure across the board to move goods and freight and make the driving experience more efficient and building more transit to move people inside urban environments is a pressing need. but the secretary of transportation just sent legislation to the hill last week on thursday, i think, that covers both what we need to do and how to pay for it. >> your chart shows the rapid increase in natural gas production. much cleaning than coal. a lot good about that. how much of an environmental downside has there been for fracking? >> for the most part there has been up side with cleaner natural gas replacing dirtier fossil fuels. but there is a concern about the gas that is fracked, if you will, is done in the cleanest most efficient way. the administration release said a methane strategy that goes to the question of how we ensure that the best production methods are used in the production of oil and gas in that process. for the most part it is regulated at the state level, but i think there are ways in which the united states -- or the federal government can take steps to ensure we use the best practices and capture the methane and insure -- it has a heavy affect on the climate if allowed to be released into the atmosphere but there are ways to control that and we are work both in discussing that with both at the oil and gas production level and the transportation level. the secretary of energy had intense discussions with the transportation people because there is a lot of leakage in the system at that level as well. we need to get that methane leakage down. but there are practical ways to do that. >> is it possible for the president have climate change be one of the key components of his legacy and support the keystone pipeline? >> i will going to leave that one to jay. when i came i said i am not going to work on the keystone pipeline so i will defer that to a later question. >> given the faction most of the extraction is regulated by state governments, what can the federal government to make sure wat water quality is unharmed and all of the disturbances reported by the local people near the fracking. >> we have resources at the epa and department of energy which has a major research program going on to provide state regilators the, you know, up to date scientific knowledge about the way -- or the best practices that could be utilized. we are working with the states and they are going different ways on terms of providing effective regulation of oil and gas production or deciding no production. >> there is no federal regs regulation? >> i think theing methane strategy will produce steps to deal with that issue. but for the issue around particularly frack fluids that is largely managed at the state level. >> john, when democratic candidates hear from opponents or challengers that are not supportive of the oil and gas industry, when you look at this data, and they look, what is the information they use to counter this? >> we have seen a big increase in oil and gas production. i don't think you would see that without a practical approach. in the first term, the largest oil spill with the bp spill in the gulf but we are back to produce more oil in the gulf and better procedures to make sure it is done in a safe and environmentally friendly way. the statistics belie the argument. people make that argument. but the overall mix, it is cleaner, it is more domestically produced, we are turned the corner so we are not producing more oil than importing and those are all facts that, i think, can be utilized to show we are on the right path to have a secure, american made energies source. >> you said we need all hands on deck. is there anything you think can get through congress this year? anything you are working on or that you see happening in congress? >> the senate is taking up energy efficiency and we will see if this gets on the floor. it is an important bill. but there is a question on if it will be filibustered so they will not get to that. >> you mentioned the catastrophic impact of climate change. as you survey everything you have seen coming in, what do you think are the areas that need the most immediate federal attention? so much has been written about it. how far off it is. >> i think we put out at climate.data.gov information about sea level rise. that is particularly going to affect communities on the eastern sea board in florida and in the gulf. i think that is building resilience toward what is certain to be a rising sea level is something that communities need to grapple with and grapple with it right now in terms of their infrastructure and how they are thinking about the future. we are in the midst of experiencing a major drought in california in the colorado river basin. that comes along with greater fire risks. and the administration put forward a new way of budgeting on the question of fire risks going forward and we are seeing that already with intense fires already in the planes and in oklahoma and california. i think if you had to pick two i would say those would be two good ones to attend to. but as you know, peter, the president recommended a billion fund in this year's budget that would support communities to develop climate resilient plans and do better planning to look at what you will see tomorrow. a national climate assessment that doesn't localize it but begins to take the climate discussion down to a regional level and breaks down the country and each region and has a separate break down on what is happening to the ocean because of the increase in acidification and what that might affect the communities around them. that will help the communities plan skwchlt and the funding we are allocated will be useful to get the jump start. some communities are on top of that as a result of catastrophic events particularly as a result of what happened in the gulf with katrina and super storm sandy. i would say probably look at your window and you will begin to feel the effects. but 97% of scientist agree there is evidence that climate change is real and caused by the co2 pollution and other pollutants we are putting into the air that cause climate change. it is well-known science now. the data continues to come in. if anything we are seeing some of the effects predicted by the models more convictly than ( ( predicted even a decade ago. if you want to try to side with the polluters and argue that the american public that climate change is not happening -- today, tomorrow and certainly in the future that is going to be a loosing argument. >> when the president was in brussels a couple months ago he talked about fracking recommended the europeans step up technology. is fracking the way of the needs? >> we put an emphasis and i quoted the statistics of solar and wind and renewable energy. but at this moment, as a bridge, if you will will from a world in which there is still needs for fossil fuels to power our economy, to a world in which we can get more from 0 carbon source energy, whether that is through new technology because we can sequester the carbon coming from the release in power plants or more renewables in the system or zero carbon source in the system. we think it is a practical and viable way to reduce emissions in the short run. there are environmental issues around the production of gas and oil, but they can be dealt with through the proper application of the best practices to produce the oil and gas. >> you mention the energy efficiency bill in the senate. i was wondering what level of concern you have the republicans will try to tack on a pushback on carbon regulation emission on that bill? >> i think that -- i think the question of whether they will find various ways to try to stop using the authority we have under the clean air act. all i would say is that those have 0 percent chance of working. we are committed to moving forward with those rules. we with commit today maintaining the authority and the president's authority to make sure the clean air act is implemented. it is critical to the american people health, the health of the economy and the health of the environment. may they try, but there are no takers at this endt a pennsylvania avenue. and with respect of the commitment to democrats to support a cleaner energy future, i think there is a strong sentiment there. there is quite a bit of organization there that has led particularly by senator white and others to ensure we get the right outcomes. this is bipartisan legislation and efficiency. we hope it gets to the floor and passes but if it passess with unacceptable water it is headed to the watery depth. >> next, attorney general eric holder on racial disparity and then using community police to reduce crime and looking at job opportunities for former prisoners after they leave jail. >> on the next washington journal, we discuss the housing reform bill making its way through the senate. and adam synder looks at the highway trust fund that provides most of the support for federal transportation projects. ... >> a very vocal critic of how the obama administration handled the attacks from 2012 in benghazi. but also, rep. gowdy is a former prosecutor, known as one of the most tenacious interrogator is on the hill. it is that background, i think, that was especially important to the speaker. >> host: he spent five or six years as a federal prosecutor in south carolina. how was his track record? >> guest: not just a federal prosecutor, but a state prosecutor. people in the of state of south carolina would call in as a pretty successful prosecutor. i talked to a few people today. he and a lot of very big, controversial cases himself as a state prosecutor, which, you know, obviously the elected solicitor this novel is set to do. he one of his cases. he was nine for nine. i think he was considered a very effective prosecutor at the state level. >> host: you read tweeted earlier bid. rep. gowdy is the right person at the right time. obviously thinking highly. what does the rest of the south carolina delegation think of the 210 endorsement? >> guest: a lot of them came in together including senator tense got a like to get the same time in 2010. a pretty close-knit bunch. the upstate congressman as well as tim scott. and since they are pretty proud. but obviously the democrats are less thrilled about the fact that this has evolved into a select committee, but upstate greenville and spartanburg where rep. gowdy is from it is a conservative area and so far they're proud. >> host: what other details to you know about the formation of a committee? it was assumed that rep. gowdy would be tapped as the chairman tsk. in the ante when that resolution may come to the house floor? >> guest: everyone seems to think it will be this week. i have not heard an exact a.m. when there will be a vote. i believe at that point the speaker and the minority leader would be allowed to make the appointments for the other members as a committee. we don't know yet if the democrats will participate. we will learn a lot about the committee. what their powers are, how long may have to issue their report said, you know, the structure that it will take, how many hearings it will have, that kind of thing. >> host: on twitter tweeting earlier about the news, special panel on benghazi. you can follow her. the washington correspondent for the greenville news, good that newspaper. thank you for joining us. >> guest: thank you. >> the act passed in 1933 after fdr came to power was a very clear line between the respective versions and services and things that the bank could do and the deposits it took and the services it provided to regular individuals and small businesses. the very, very clear distinction the bankers are on the same side as fdr. the population or on the same side as fdr, and things became stable for many, many decades after that. you contrast that to what happened in the wake of the 2008 crisis which has been a much more expensive crisis for the general economy, for the actual unemployment level, not the tagline the employment level, for what was lost to individuals around and relative to the bailout says subsidies that have been given sense. and dodd-frank came along and did nothing remotely tsk like dissecting speculation from depositors and traditional banking activities. >> a look at the relationship between 1600 pennsylvania avenue and wall street. saturday night at 10:00 eastern and sunday night at 9:00 on afterwards, part of book tv this weekend on c-span2. an online power book club selection is it calls you back by former gang member and community activist police j. rodriguez. join other readers to discuss the book at booktv.org. >> attorney general eric holder spoke monday about the importance of confronting racial and sentencing disparities. his remarks came at a meeting of the national association of attorneys general and the national district attorneys association. this is 15 minutes. [applause] >> well, good morning. we have to stop meeting in back rooms. i wanted thank attorney general for that kind introduction. it sounds almost like i can hold the job the way you describe all of that. and also for your lead as president of the national association of attorneys general i would like to recognize district attorney garza for his services, president of the national district attorneys association, and i wanted thank the team's, the professional staff and the dedicated members of both organizations for the really outstanding or did you perform every day, for all that you have done to bring us together for this really import a symposium on the reduction of crime. has staunch advocates for the rule of law and as champions of the cause of justice that drives the efforts of local prosecutors and state authorities across america, you are to really remarkable organizations that have decades of indispensable guidance about criminal-justice issues through the work of the national attorney general training and research institute, importance of men's just like this one and three gatherings like the conferences i attended earlier this year. you routinely bring innovators, public servants, and law enforcement leaders together to address what are really the most pressing public safety challenges of our time. it is a privilege for me to help open this critical forum and stand with you all yet again as we convene to share knowledge and expertise and speak very frankly about the threats facing our respective jurisdictions and to discuss cutting edge strategies for reducing crime and victimization throughout the nation. i know that you and your colleagues serve on the front line of this fight every day and now working closely with u.s. attorneys, fbi agents, and other justice department officials to protect the citizens. together we are reminded policymakers here in washington, it's very important the dialogue on even the most difficult and divisive issues need not break down along partisan lines. disagreements are inevitable. whenever passionate people confront questions of real magnitude, but we are showing that a vigorous debate is not only healthy but stands to make ours is stronger and more effective because we're all responding to the same reality. we all share similar priorities and have come together in pursuit of the very same goals, reducing crime, holding individuals responsible for their actions, protecting the american people and improving criminal-justice outcomes be read especially in recent years, to take meaningful steps forward on a range of efforts to reach elevate crime-fighting policies and practices. new actions and initiatives have arisen from innovative federal state and local partnerships. these collaborations have been pioneered by leaders from across the political spectrum and are driven by the recognition and a broad based consensus that we have both the responsibility and the average into the to make a criminal-justice system more fair, efficient, and effective than ever before. the importance of these efforts and the urgent need for action on the historic changes we are working to bring about was really brought into sharp focus of a landmark study that was released just last week by the national academy of sciences' national research council says. this new report is funded by the national institute of justice as well as by the macarthur foundation. and the findings are based upon a comprehensive non-partisan an independent examination that incarceration rates in the united states over the past four decades, over the past 40 years, as the study makes clear, the rise in incarceration that we witnessed over that time was, and i'm going to quote, historically unprecedented and internationally unique. the current native imprisonment in the united states is roughly five to ten times greater than incarceration -- incarceration rates in public democracies. and this has resulted in extreme disparate racial impact in devastating consequences for already disadvantaged communities including afflicted urban areas and predominately minority communities. these conditions have been shown to contribute to family instability, the high unemployment as well as to low wages. they often correlate with high rates of poverty and serious public health concerns and not only feed but exacerbate the vicious cycles of poverty, criminality, and incarceration that traps too many individuals and devastates entire communities. the nasd report principal conclusion was that u.s. policymakers at every level must take steps to reduce incarceration rates by making targeted performed to criminal-justice policy including sentencing and imprisonment in addition to broader social policy changes. well, these recommendations are entirely consistent with the work that is under way through the justice department smart on crime initiative which i launched last summer to improve the federal system at every level as efforts by many of you. the study's findings also catalog of realities that some many of us see every day through this crime and violence that we serve the cause of our nation's over reliance on incarceration is far too high to bear and show that increase incarceration rates in excess of prison terms imposed upon us without materially including public safety, significantly reducing crime, and concrete lee benefiting our nation in a meaningful way. fortunately readers in this room are not only uniquely qualified to get our national conversation on the issues calling you are empowered to make a lasting, positive difference by advocating for the proposals that we believe then. says by implementing strong and tested policies that can move our country forward with new reentry in diversion programs like drugs, mental health, and veterans course we can keep people out of prison and help them successfully rejoin their communities with new sentencing measures and a careful and appropriate exercise of prosecutorial discretion we can ensure that punishments are fair and are proportionate to the conduct of issue. with the support of a broad new coalition of experts, committee leaders, law-enforcement officials that have a stake cold we can conserve resources, improve public safety, and bring our system in line with our society's interest in our nation's highest ideals. many of you are already showing my think, tremendous in this regard. in recent years a total of 17 states, 17 states supported by the justice department's reinvestment initiative and led by state officials from both parties have directed significant funding away from prison construction and toward evidence based programs and services like supervision and drug treatment that are proven to reduce recidivism by improving public safety. i am pleased to note that rather than increasing cost the report by the bureau of justice is 17 states toch warner have billion dollars over ten years. the full impact of these policies remains to be seen. it is evidence that they already show significant promise. they should be studied. they should be emulated, and we must continue to support this kind of innovation to expand on proven strategies and to reinforce the robust federal, state, and local partnership that can amplify the individual successes. the federal level our smart on crime initiative in bringing about major shifts in charging, sentencing, incarceration, reentry, and executive policy. last year under this initiative by took steps to ensure that mandatory minimum sentences for certain federal drug-related crimes will now be reserved for the most serious criminals. offenders accused of low-level nonviolent are offenses will face sentences be fitting the individual conduct. penalties that are more appropriate for violent traffickers or drug kingpins. i also ordered a renewed focus on prisoner reentry and all 94 of our u.s. attorney's offices, and i have been encouraged to see more and more leaders from both parties step for to take up this costs and help ensure that our criminal-justice system is used to punish, deter, and rehabilitate. not to warehouse and forget. earlier this year rose brought to be joined by senator rand paul in calling for local leaders to restore voting rights, prison terms, completing their probation and pay their fines. i urge each of you to take up when you return home. the emphasizing of our fundamental rights should never be subject to politics or the lingering effects of flawed policy. i also ask you to join me in working with congress to advance common-sense legislation like the bipartisan smarter sentencing act which would give judges additional discretion in determining sentences for people convicted of certain federal drug crimes. as a nation we pay far too high a price and terms human, economic, and even more whenever a system fails to deliver was necessary and to ensure that those who have paid their debt have the chance to become productive citizens. this is why in addition to calling for legislative remedies the justice department is using important work to restore justice, fairness, and proportionality. through an improved and expanded approach of the executive clemency process two weeks ago the deputy attorney general denounced new criteria when considering clemency. this will allow the department and the white house to consider additional applications from deserving individuals who do not pose the threats to public safety. now, we anticipate receiving of influx overly of thousands of clemency applications as a result of these changes. we are committed to devoting the time and resources and the personnel necessary to insure that each one receives the full attention and the rigors of scrutiny that it deserves. at the same time, at the national academy of sciences to identify and to confront disparities at every stage of the criminal justice process. and this goal, at my direction a team of more than a dozen u.s. attorney's is currently a examining sentencing disparities and developing recommendations on how we can address them. the department is also launching a new national center for building. going forward this center will enable us to explore, advance, assess, and disseminate information about the strategies intended to advance procedural. strengthening the relationship between law enforcement. now my colleagues and i will never stand idly by as isolated acts of discrimination harness the of standing work that is performed by the overwhelming majority every day. i have been encouraged. law-enforcement officials said in the era of suspicion we need to keep the spending the impact of these other efforts. allowing us to invest it refocusing on the version s. expanding reinvestment and confronting racial disparities will save taxpayer money, restore faith in our justice system and build trust. taking a comprehensive view of crime challenges and a holistic approach to enlist new allies suffering elite causes of the problems facing our communities rather than just responding to individual symptoms. well, we convened this morning in a unique and i think perhaps unprecedented mom and a promise that time of innovation and potential broad consensus, our national debate, professional experiences, the very latest in cutting edge research. it challenges we face in very stark relief. this is the time for thoughtful discussion to give way to principal action. this is a time for 21st century problems to be met with 21st century solutions. and this is a time when policy makers from opposite ends of the political spectrum have laid aside their differences and resolve to stand together with the recognition that crown reactions ago that no ideology, public safety and countless lives promising futures and in the balance. the need for robust collaboration in serious reform is as urgent as ever. as we seize this important moment and except the opportunity to force and renew our determination to move aggressively in combating violence and reducing crime and money to know that i am proud to tell you. shiseido the collective efforts. no want to thank you all once again for the chance to take part in this very important symposium. thank you very much. [applause] >> on the next washington journal former senate banking committee staff directors discuss the housing reform bill making its way through a senate. and then political reporter atoms under looks at the highway trust fund which provides most federal support. washington journal is live 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. >> following remarks from attorneys general eric holder analysts discussed crime reduction and community policing this panel is an hour and 25 minutes. >> thank you all for coming this morning. at least you guys are paying attention right now. you will see all the mistakes that we made. the other panelists will not make the same mistakes, but. first, the code developer of the broken windows during, a fellow at the kennedy school of government at harvard university and senior fellow at the manhattan institute. george, but a professor at the school of justice at rutgers university, currently researching organizational change in policing and the development of comprehensive community crime-prevention programs. practice social work as a child care worker, a probation officer, and as a minister residential programs for corrective youth. in 1972 he began work at the police foundation and conducted several wide scale experiments in policing, most notably the kansas city prevention patrols and the new work foot patrol. his contribution is, the most familiar, with james q. wilson. during a late-1980s he developed the order maintenance policies for the new york city subway that ultimately led to radical crime reduction. later he consulted with the police department dealing with squeegee men. his most recent publication is fixing broken windows restoring order in reducing crime in our communities which he developed with his wife. currently he is studying organizational change in policing and the development of comprehensive community care -- crime-prevention programs. georgia's two children, four grandchildren, a graduate of the university of wisconsin milwaukee in the university of wisconsin. [applause] >> a professor at yale law school, in akron fleming professor of law and professor of psychology. his research and its lawyers the dynamics of authority in groups, organization planned society in a particular examining the role of justice and injustice and shipping legitimacy. the author of several books including the social psychology of procedural justice. he received his ph.d. in social psychology from ucla in 1978. since then he has taught at northwestern university, university of california at berkeley and nyu it really is in german. [applause] >> a career law enforcement professional appointed chief of the office of crime control strategy, chicago police department in 2011. under his direction and guidance of the chicago police superintendent chief tracy broke new ground with in the chicago police department. by bringing the internationally acclaimed concept process to chicago the chief currently oversees and develops and elements strategies and initiatives to reduce overall crime. cystic dozen 11 chicago has experienced a 36% reduction in overall crime. chief tracy began his police career in 1984 with the new york city police department. throughout his 24 years of professional service chief tracy serves the challenging and procedures rolls, commanding officer of the new york city police department, u.s. marshal regional fugitive task force, chief tracy led a specialized joint task force comprised of nypd and more than 50 federal, state and local agencies in the apprehension of wanted fugitive felons. he served as liaison between nypd in out of state and international law and for the disease to cool whitney, captured, and -- by ellen offenders. you organize and lead the unit that would establish first. during his tenure as commanding officer of the firearms investigation unit chief tracy led the team of investigators for illegal firearm usage and trafficking working with the organized crime investigations bureau and the atf joint firearms task force begun enhancement unit. from 2006-10 schieffer's you worked in the private sector. of. response manager to the office of business concerning citicorp. before taking his position with the chicago police about achieve tracy was the head of operations for a major security company. chief tracy also worked in public administration. [applause] here is what we're going to do, let each of our panelists speak for 15 minutes and then open up the floor. back in 1993 new york city average one to wonder murders. at that time professor calumet chief bratton and became police commissioner. the nearest to the place of promise of those procedures. a remarkable reduction in violent crime. i present to you george kelly. [applause] >> at first it was five years ago, then it was ten years ago by then it was a quarter-century ago, and now it's 30 years. i am still around and still talking about it. it still remains somewhat of a controversial idea. i don't think they are that controversial if you understand it if you do not they tend to be controversial. i will talk, that little bit broken windows is a metaphor. communicating complicated things in a simple way, capture your attention and are easy to communicate. the weakness of metaphors of is that they simplify complicated ideas. during the past several months since i have become active again in and out of retirement, so this big, working with new york city i have come to understand that i am getting a lot of credit. jim is getting credit as low for the high rate of imprisonment of nationally and in new york state turns out that i am also giving credit along with jim for reducing incarceration. so depending upon your view you can take your pick. i will try and convince you about the latter interpretation. when one understands broken windows psst that is the key. i will begin by saying how did we come to the idea? i have heard stories about that. jim and i were having dinner someplace. it is a different story. as was mentioned, i did a study of the patrol in northern new jersey and spend a lot of time walking with the patrol officers finding a what they were doing. and when we broke up the final results, it turns out that in areas where we at the patrol officers crime dropped a great deal. crime did not drop, if you want to know about that as the question. putting that aside, but crime dropped a lot. if you took the patrol the way it increased. trying to make sense of that was difficult because first of all you had less than 30 hours of the patrol per week. it wasn't that there was complete coverage during that time. and, you know, police officers, all of the things that take them away from mark. and so in that regard and it was covered by for patrol. a scholar who you might recognize by name. what did they do? comeback to your field notes. and what came to my attention was that officers were dealing with small problems. aggressive panhandlers, getting in the face. prostitutes, embarrassing husbands in front of the children and family, graffiti, those with the kinds of issues that police officers are dealing with. with spicy sauce -- jim warned me at the time that just his name alone would capture a certain amount of attention because in some circles it was notorious. having published the kansas city steady which will talk about another time, used to controversy. basically a metaphor goes like this. disorderly conditions in the navy left untended is a sign that no one cares and leads to crime and urban decay. now, basically we were putting forward three arguments. first -- and is the argument does not need any justification. order is an end in itself. if you live in a complicated society of strangers, if you want comers to thrive, education to be able to work you have to have minimum levels of order. how that order is established can be negotiated. there are a variety of ways. the second issue has received considerable attention could. if you have ordered maintenance activities, restore order fear of crime declines. there has been the controversy about that. a lot of supporting evidence. we lawyers have not been to challenged. the reduction in crime. that has been challenged. it has been an intention. for me i don't think it's any longer controversial. so there has been enough research. mention some of it during the question and answer. but broken window as an advocate engine has supported me, i understood as highly discretionary police activity in which the focus is not on rest. the focus is on education, warning, alerting people, getting compliance without having to rest. a good broken windows program, you might and an initial increase in the number of arrests until people get the message and then you get a decline in arrests over time. you're talking about arrests you're talking about jail time, short-term, not the kind of imprisonment suggested by many of the critics. the first real test was in the new york city subway. and as many of you know, i knew bill bratton. i had been asked by the chairman of the board of the new york transportation authority to help them deal with what was called a problem of homelessness in the subway. there was no lead in terms of dealing with those problems. i persuaded the colleague of mine to recruit bill bratton. he was hired an order was restored. as far as i answered the strongest test of the power of broken windows was in the subway can you imagine me as an apt -- academic. i have an idea. we publish an article in the a atlantic. we did new york city subway as a place to test our idea. that does not happen very often. on top of that and the person who introduced us broken windows in new york city as well, and those ideas detested. now, here is. i think broken windows was part of repertoire of activities carried on in the new york city police department under brown's administration. and know nothing about what happened after he left. i have not visited the new york city police department until brown was back again, and i am not want to comment on what has transpired since. but i do now that broken windows as part of what was implemented, but the anti-crime strategies that developed in new york city were far faster because new york city itself was a much more complicated social environment and the subway. a subway was relatively simple. i don't know whether many of you remember the subway. i have recently gone into a culture shock getting back into the subway since not having been there since the early 1990's. i mean, did you were doing a film showing a damsel in distress you would put her in the new york city subway being chased by chatelin figures, and you had your purgatory. you go to of the new york city subway, which i have been doing recently. 1130 and nine, a female students standing, reading, alone in the edge of the platform, those of you from new york, remember the safety zone? remember when they have signs up to all the citizens should gather in this particular area so there will be safety in numbers. the word was, don't sit near or don't go into the last car. joanne, the chief from the york city police department, averaging six or seven reported crimes a day. just a completely different environment. much cleaner, much brighter. a wonderful sight. that was part of my initial opening comment as an engine itself. you're going to have a vibrant said -- some where you have to have order. during the early 1990's rider ship was that the million and declining. now it's at 5 million increasing let me just wrap up with violence. i'm sorry jim is in here. an extraordinarily serious thinker. the last thing we wrote together was at a quarter century point. the broken window, two things, one indisputably good and the other effective in encouraging the police to take public orders seriously, something the overwhelming majority of people desire and raises the possibility that more order will mean less crime. the first cool requires new evidence. most studies, along with of the factors, associated with less predatory street crime. we believe that it from, and i would close by saying, this is one of these areas where police are in need of help to develop guidelines. they should develop themselves, helping officers to use their discretion wisely when dealing with issues of public disorder. for the most part this is reminding people of their responsibilities. last comment. when brad took over the subway 250,000 people a day were not paying their peers. that was part of the overall chaos. a first and we did was to give people opportunities to back off. we made it very public. we will be cracking down on fair readings. we will get you. we want people to read and what we discovered was a good portion of those in continued had lengthy criminal records. not all war criminals, but all lot of criminals were for beaters. that is, the banners are busy, constantly busy. broken when does not only strengthens communities and creates order but gives, but for people who are active and on themselves for more drastic action. my model is high activity, will rest, a lot of warning. i can go into more detail. >> professor, was interesting about the name of the books of his red, trust and a lot want people obey, what people want rate. >> well, first, let me say that for my entire professional life george allen has been the intellectual leader of research and writing about policing. says contemporary policing perspective. the first thing i would say is something that i think all of you already know. that is that every era of law enforcement bases its own challenges. what made broken windows so important and influential as a theory very effectively address the questions of a particular era, the 70's and 80's. at that time the really central issue in the public was fear of crime. it is hard for us, i think about what to go back. maybe we can watch serpico or some of police moved to think about this not only sense that there was crime everywhere, disorder, and stability, but that it was out of control. was spiraling and there was nothing we could do about it. they have no strategy. and broken windows provided a road map. it did a couple of things that i think are important. the professor has already touched on sodoms. first is said that the police should be focused on the concerns that are driving the public's fears. at the time seemed to many police to be trivial. they wanted to be out catching murderers. they had to be convinced or actually driving the public to be afraid and the cities and undermine communities. and the other is that it communicated to the public that the police actually were concerned about the public, seeing officers on foot patrol, seen the actions of the police communicated reassurance and a belief that the police first actually were concerned about public feeling and second that they have a plan, strategy, there was something that they could do that would actually be effective. and these were very important ideas at the time that they can forward. they had a very dramatic impact, as we have seen now. let's fast-forward to today. today we're in a different era, and i think the question we all have to ask is, is broken windows still the model we should be using? well, let's consider the situation. one thing that we have already heard several people mentions the crime is down. it is down substantially, down in most cities in the country. has been going down steadily and was not seen to be a fluke. you will hear this afternoon but i'm guessing will be a lively discussion about it gets the credit, whether it is the police or not, but i don't think of the question for us this morning. it is true, but i want to point to another thing that is equally true. that is even though crime is down the public is not in love to police. that is, we have had a consistent an ongoing issue about popular legitimacy of legal system, the police, the courts. not ubiquitous and is serving a. especially young people, minority group members distrust the police. in fact, in 2004 the national academy of sciences report on police and was extremely laudatory, as it should be, of the great success of law enforcement against crime but pointed out that the genesee remains as a major issue that has not been effectively addressed. but that is still true today. if we look at 2012 national survey of the american public we see that about 60 percent of the public expresses trust and confidence in the local police and courts. in other words, 40 percent don't. more strikingly, there is a 30% bonds likely to send it trust the police. the people and have had personal contact with the police and courts trust and less. these are not float. we look at public opinion polling data we see trust and confidence in the police is basically a, one between 50 and 60%. the racial gap has been consistent for decades. we have seen a series of racial incidents you can name. of course the rodney king. you know, so the point is, as a little early to declare victory, at least in terms of the relationship between the police, law, and american communities. i think what is particularly important to wrasses to recognize that declines in fear of crime and the crime rate have not led people to have higher levels of trust and the police and court. this is of concern because and the original idea of broken windows there was a very reasonable sense that the police were responding to public turns about crime and disorder. responding by showing that they are concerned, doing something about, the police were addressing the issue of trust, showing trust the community. what do we see that? and i think just from a pragmatic point of view what we put want to be concerned about as law enforcement officials is this is an enormous on our research that shows that the police came when her trusted. plumb all willing to defer to the police and judges if they trust them. there is less anger and resistance him less injury to officers of violence. people comply with the law more in their rig in lines if they view the police and court of adjournment. a corporate. it report crime and criminals, serve as witnesses, serve on juries, expect the police as arbiters of public conflict. it don't go into alice and beat people up. end of course and tried to have it and we are discussing a support the police in the court's politically. so it is troubling that we don't see more support for the police and courts and protruding because as the national academy of science quite correctly says we have seen amazing gains in the quality of policing services . professionals. so what we might be interested in doing is trying to think about refocusing on the issues of right namby. i certainly don't mean this to the criticism. i think actually to what i understand to be some of the core ideas in the original broken windows. in particular, if the police are going to gain support from the public by addressing public needs we have to recognize that, perhaps, a public concern and need is different now than they were in this earlier era when there was a focus on fear of crime. in fact, it is a good time to reconsider the public relationship to the police because crime is low, as leon technology. fear is not driving the public's reaction to the police, to the community when it did in the her in the maritime. what are the community concerns? here again we have a number of studies that have been done in a very consistent in finding a common thread of concern that is reflected in general service and also an oregon court the problem just as the resources not be research, people will in a deal with the police and courts tofu. and in value of police forces asked if they generally provided with richard people it decisions made fairly. they can see that the authorities are neutral, following principles of law, being consistent, feel that the status in the community is respected, accorded the respect they deserve none insulted been recognized as people who are entitled to bring their concerns and have issues that they can address of a police, trying to do what is right been trying to take people's concerns seriously . elements of feelings. again i would say the main point is at this time in history this is what dominates public reactions to the police and court. so we know, we have a sense for what it is the public might want and what it might find to be lacking. when we put it and when we can see what the public might be having trouble with current policing efforts because the police are not focusing on those public concerns, not addressing those issues, continuing to focus on crime reduction and in particular violent crime reduction as the primary issue that drives the way they're interacting with the public. this has been associated with policies like zero tolerance, stop, question, and frisk him and it is not being responsive to what the public is concerned about which is why we're seeing these manifestations of public discontent. what is the effect, for example, and young man of being stopped by police on the street? we have research on and in new york city. manhattan the police are viewed as less legitimate. crime goes up because legitimacy is an important factor in criminal behavior when i'm. willingness to cooperate goes down so that the way in which people are experiencing is having the effect of increasing. and in particular their constant complaints about harassment and intimidation by the police. during these funds factors that are really separate from one of these kinds of activities have some reasonable crime reduction content. my point to, really this is not broken windows and as professor george kelling said. what we really should be looking for is a return to the idea of trying to build the trust and respect of the community through policing activities and focusing on what it is the public says that one as a way to do that. i will conclude by saying that i think, to me, one of the parts about the broken windows model that is really central to its original presentation but has gotten lost over the years is the connection to the community. in the original discussion the point was people were leaving communities because of fear of crime, and if the police could create a reassuring presence in those communities they could support social and economic development. since that time we recognize even more since rounding of economic and social and development. the community well-being, and in iowa resources suggests that the police are really important in motivating the creation of social capitol, and economic activity, political activity, but the point is it is the reassuring presence of the police and that promotes those a activities. the belief on the part of the public the the police are trustworthy, and those kinds of feelings are needed even more now than ever to try to build economic and social maturity. so i will finish by saying that i think it is a great moment to think about calling back in the original ideas. we have a low crime rate. police can focus on being not a menacing presence but a reassuring presence and on the task of building economic and social well-being because, as the police themselves they all the time, you cannot arrest your way out of current. you need to promote the conditions that eliminate the need. thank you. [applause] >> if anyone has any doubt, you have to take a look at what terms gore look like in 1993 and take a look at what it looks like now. go try and buy a townhouse in on him right down. professor, was not smart enough to get into yale. >> next we will have on tracy. we heard about some of these academic theories and how the studies of the steve jensen and have been put into place. now we have a gym and has had to work with these theories and put them into place in two major cities in our country. this is chief paul tracy. >> thank you. it is great to see you again. i am a big fan of canine and also,. now as the district attorney said, i went to the private sector for some additional money having five children, right now at ages seven to 16. i was in june out to the private sector to let my wife stay home with the children when this up in the camelot. the superintendent, when he was appointed to chicago gave me a call and said would you come to chicago. and it to my wife and she said, know what you're calling is. we will make it work. the house and in europe was sold but a house in chicago. my wife said, don't care what your next move is in, they are staying in chicago. you can commute back and forth. i have to do the best i can to make a city of better place because our children are growing friends. i am fully vested. it is in my best interest to continue. and just going to go back to my years in the nypd. i was fortunate. i was a police officer in the 1980's. a young sergeant, late 80's into the 90's. and kate -- george kelling spoke about the subways in the crime. there were two different police departments, the transit police department and the new york city police department. we started seeing great things happen with the new chief it took over the transit police at the time. and what happened in some ways in a dramatic decrease in crime by applying these measures. most of these individuals were of to the crux or actually someone that would allow and commit crime. and that crackdown, they were in the gatekeepers in the subway which helped reduce crime to where it yesterday. the chief will probably get into it later, but it's a dramatic change in addressing the smallest changes. and at the same time we are addressing -- how was mostly in a violent crime units going after mostly the violent crimes, the heavy hitters and the people that wanted mostly for murders and shootings brought most of my career in the new york city police. but my time and fugitives was also another change. when brad camelot, addressing the quality of life crimes, these people were getting was called c. simmons. so these are violations to appear in court out in the street. at the time my units were going after the robbers, burglars, and the murderers. they said, we're going to start going after the people into not answer the summons. .. pass ten year before the system, the quality of life enforcement and the new york city police department. i've watched the city from 2200 murders come down to 400, chief? 340. i don't like to talk about that number because they compare chicago against new york. we hear it all the time. so, that's where it's come from. and i used to see -- at one time the chief was a commander in 33 precinct but i worked in the 34 precinct, which is washington heights when i was a sergeant, and i was the for ten years. it was a three-mile radius, but we had 120 murders, and i went to community meetings, and the focus in the meetings wasn't so much on what we were doing about the violence but about the quality of life in the street. that resonated with me a long time, almost 25 years ago. so, i want to fast forward. unique position, got the job of a lifetime to follow a gentleman i believe in, gary mccarthy, and come through another big blog department back another of the private sector, to my calling and an opportunity to apply the theories of the gentlemen up here. and we introduced one thing we had to do, we looked to the chicago police department, it wasn't set up to support and deliver the services that we needed to reduce crime and to address the quality of life enforcement and gain the trust of the community. so, we had to do when we first came to chicago, we put in place a comstat system. this tool is huge and it's not just about metrics of output. we want to look at it about outcomes. and these outcomes is where we're at as far as what we're doing right down to quality of life enforcement, and in condition junction with reducing -- didn't junction with reducing crimes. we were up against some challenges. the chicago police department was overspecialized, and i got jack lakey here who was with the cook county state attorney's office, and he can probably back me up. what mayor rahm emanuel did was give superintendent mccarthy the support and cover to run the police department as he sees fit, without the politicians influencing who the next leader would be. so we had to find the right leaders, build the bench, and able to promote the right people in place. some people but in by the councilmens choices, they set them up to fail because they weren't ready for positions they had. we flattened the organization, and the chart of the chicago police department looked like a periodic chart in high school. so, it was things that we streamlined it, flaggenned it, eliminated three ranks. we want the message to get from the superintendent and the chiefs to the troops on the ground. you put too many layers in place, all political positions, and we also combined ewans and put them in the right place to break down the silos of the police department. overspecialization. chicago police department, the idea of reducing crime, they did a very good job of it prior to our administering coming in. but they had citywide units, and these units moved all over the city. did not know the community, and they were flown in anytime there was any type of violence. so they stayed for three weeks, occupied the area, they pissed the community off and then left. so who is left to deal with it? the beat officers and the people in the district who needed that support to begin with. so, we disbanned banded -- disbanded the specialized unit and put them back in their districts, because the comsat system, one i think everybody knows what it is it a timely and accurate intelligence dissim nateed for rapid deployment and sink crow niced and focus do synchronized and focused and aggressive followup and assessment. so if we're going to hold commanders accountable for the crime in their districts, driving down the accountability, and they don't have the resources to deal with it on aground level and have to wait for specialized units, how can we hold them accountable and how can we get in touch with the community. we bring most of the people back in, and then the argument was, whoa, you put them in districts, these officers -- you're not going to have the officers out going out and arresting the bad guys. i said if you put them in district is that going to change that officer? he's going to do the same thing in the same area, in the geographic integrity. and that brings us back. you have to have the same officer in the same area working all the time. you have different people working in the districts, you have beat officers that are not staying in their beat. how do you know the community? how do you know who the good kids and the bad kids are? because the biggest complaint is, when we good to community meetings, you're just driving by the bad guys. the gang bangers. if you don't know your community and you're not the same person in there all the time, you're not going to know. they dress the same. jimmy jones, johnny smith you. don't know the kid coming from basketball practice as opposed to kids gang-banging. even the gang-bangers dress nicer because they have the economics to buy the clothes. so you have to have the same officer on the same beat every day. we also, when it comes to our specializations, narcotics, we want to make sure they're in the same areas. narcotics like to take a buy and then want to buy up to take them to different parts of the city. we want to make sure they work the same area and also buy down and we take these drug dealers off the street. when we take the drug dealer off the street, one of our strategies is, now to plant police officers in the area, build block organizations, hold the area, let them have some confidence that we're going to be there for them, and at the same time, once we can start slowly pulling out, when the next person that comes buy to buy drugs, so we'll take it block by block, and then infuse city services clean up the lights, cut the trees, make sure the pod cameras are right, clean up vacant lots, troubled buildings comes in, and one thing every city experienced because of the foreclosures and forfeitures of housing, they're becoming crime nests for bad guys. so we're ensuring that when we take them down, we get the trust of the community. we come in ask do what we say ware going to do and hold the ground block by block and make sure commanders are doing it as well. so that's a different strategy. to return to the community policing i discussed. have to make sure that we have the people there, and how we do this, at the same time, when we make sure all the officers in the district that gets more resource0s commanders, the pro-active policing can be done and we answer more calls for service than any other big police department in the nation, and the superintendent made a policy decision to take 20% of those calls for service out of the cue -- queue to allow our officers to handle conditions that are community concerns and we went on a public campaign. and most of these jobs, my kids are fighting over the pleat. my dog is lost. we responded to these. we have alternative services for that and we moved those jobs over, and we educated the community what about would do. you just don't pull the plug on those things because that can work against you. at the same time we had to make sure the officers had time to deal with the conditions the community needed addressed. we also do a lot of things that the other police departments do. we have hot spot policing, but we also have hot people policing. we took a look at andrew crystal social network analysis and were able to work with institute of technology, and were able to identify the players that are out there through their associates and their associates' associates, some of the worst or most violent people in the community, and the people that associated with them through arrest records, sometimes they're not most violent people but the most prone to be a victim of violence and murder. so we actually go back into the community, address them, bring them into gang callins, which is following david kennedy's model of violence reduction strategy, cease fire. bring our gang members in, and a lot of them we have from the volunteer but the being we have over their head as leverage is either parole or probation so they have to come in or their parole will be violated. what we do with these individuals is we don't -- excuse me -- we don't threaten them. it's not tough love. it's not scared straight. what we do is tell them exactly what we're going to do. you are influences in your community, and because of that we're asking you to go back to put the guns done, stop the violence. we have the cook county state's attorney office, the u.s. attorney, the fbi, the dea, the atf, and we speak them to as the police departments through them to good back to their community and also tell them, of you do not heed our warnings, within the city of chicago, 59 main gangs. and out of that the 650 factions. 100,000 gang members we're dealing with. so we can't get to them all but if you want to stick your hand up and we give you a warning and say, pick me, we'll pick you and put all our federal and state resources on top of you, and we let them know that. then we speak to them about social services. we take away the excuse. if you don't have your ged, or you need a job, we have people from nonfor profits, put them at the top of the christget them a job and get them high school diploma. takes away the excuse. and the third part of what the gang call-in is we're doing, we're not gang members -- we have a mobile voice of the community and that person is someone that has lost a son or a daughter to violence, or someone that has rehabilitated themselves, paralyzed or come out of jail and speak to them and connect with them. we're starting to get a good ground swell of gang members signing up for social services as we continue to do this, and we find a reduction in violence in the areas and we're doing until six districts and we're expanding it. and we find in the areas we're doing this, crime has gone down in those areas for a short time. starting to come back up and we're never going to get away from our deployment strategies, but these are things that are helping supplant, connecting with the community and they say we're actually trying to help them. from this, this thing called custody notifications. this is where we pick gang members out, people of influence, and go to their house and speak to their family. we don't mind if they're not home. if we can get someone to influence them, their grandmother, aunt, uncle, anybody, their mother, whoever is there, in of them don't even know the type of violence they are in. we have probably done 140 custom notifications. we have had -- nobody has been arrived for a violent crime in the last six months but we had two people who had been shot and killed, and they did not heed all warnings but we know we have the right people and because of this program a lot are staying away from the violence but two didn't, and they're not here right now. what was done with the custom notifications on top of it, we don't wait anymore. if there's some kind of conflict going on in the community, we go right to the people, using two degrees of association, which is our hot people, and the associations, and we go to their houses and meet with gang members immediately to tell them to put down the gun, stop the violence, we send them a letter and then the state's attorneys is here, hes with the letter, we're not here to arrest you. we bring social services to their places. one of the last things we looked at -- one thing we're going to look at, we're implementing things slowly in the chicago police department. a big organizational change. when we first looked at the department, we took 500 people from behind desks and put them back on the street. you come out with fresh eyes and duplication of effort and jobs with inside administrative jobs. very unpopular but when you come from the outside and the way the bundle death constraints are, you want to get everybody on the street and we don't want duplication of efforts. procedural justice -- you have heard it here, heard it from tom tyler. this is huge. tom and tracy mears came in and helped us develop curriculum in the chicago police department. one of the few departments and the largest police department that has training and we trained almost 12,500 police officers, about 10,000 officers, and there's going to be a part two to it. we feel strongly that this is making a difference. and i don't think it's so much the older police officers. i think maturity, they have an understanding what works in the communities and what doesn't. they get to the younger officers and show them it's not so much what you're doing, it's how you're doing and the respect in the commune in return, that is going to give us better cooperation and better partnership, which helps us have less lawsuits, going to help cooperation, it's going to have more witnesses, and our clearance rates right now have skyrocketed since we have been there and crime and cooperation, and i really believe it's a combination of everything we're doing. and procedural justice and police is a big part of it, understanding officers practicing it on the street. right now we have departments all over the nation coming to see how we're doing it in chicago and we are training the trainers, and sending them back to their departments. >> you got one minute. >> quality of life enforcement. one thing that we have in chicago is we had civil court summonses that addressed public urination, gambling, public drinking of alcohol in the street, and low level of marijuana. with that, it's 70% of these summonses went unanswered. so, how do you address a community concern and keep police officers on the street when they know they give out a summons i gook can crumple and throw over his back women were able to lobby the city council to -- with a city ordinance to make it a summonsable offense if they do not appear for their court. so gave some bite into the summons to help correct the behavior of the bad guys. we addressed some of the bad guise being adjust duty crooks and when they're out there drinking, public urination, gamblele, that's a recipe for disaster and in chicago we see a lot of violence around gambling. so this gives us excuse to address them and address our bad guys and take guns off the streets. what is the result after almost three years in chicago of planning our police strategies in addition to these theories? and broken windows, proceed ural justice and police legitimacy, and the 2013, the chicago police department, our lowest murders since 1965. we have had the lowest murder rate since 1966. we have that the lowest crime since 1972. our clearance rates are the highest since we have been there in several years for all crimes, and overall -- you heard in biography, we're down in 36 in overall crime. the most important point, we're arresting less people. we're actually down a considerably in arrests because we're addressing it, giving warnings, giving summonses, chance to comply. having a bite with summonses we didn't have in the past because we didn't have a tool in chicago, which we were able to convince the city council to help us out with that, and we're gaining better trust with the community because we're addressing those concerns. >> thank you so much, chief. [applause] >> i'm sure after hearing us, you have many questions. let me start off the questioning and then open it up to the floor. george, i remember back in the '70s when daniel patrick moynihan wrote a piece called defining disease yhency downward we can started accepting deviant behavior. people had signs in their car no, radio, hoping no one would break their win to do steal their eight track or cassette player out of there. the theory behind broken window is not zero tolerance. , that, george? can you happy and the difference. >> zero tolerance has beenad as a term -- i'm glad you asked that question. i try to twist the text to meet my answer. the term zero tolerance has been used as a pejorative term to criticize broken windows. it was zero talons. that does two things. it implies a zealotry. you will have in discretion, and the second thing it says you don't have any discretion, which is exactly what we want to avoid, which sets up a high arrest rate. let me just talk about, zero tolerance cab useful tool at times, at particular locations around particular problems, and -- but you have to be very specific. think, for example, of just a very simple example, school buses. we simply understand that the risks of people passing school buses is so great in the consequences to great, we don't want any discretion about that. we want to send out a message, you pass a school bus that's discharging or getting children, you're in deep, deep trouble. so -- i could give you other examples of that. so, zero tolerance is part of the whole approach of broken windows, and then one thing that tom said, very interesting. i am of a different generation. i came up in a different generation. i'm still hanging around, but this rang a bell when he raised it. the problem in the to subway is a very different problem than what it was. last time our concern was minor offenders and getting them under control. now there are still some aggressive panhandlers but we know how to deal with that without too much trouble and without increasing numbers of arrests. turns out in the subway now are some very sad human beings, emotionally disturbed, very ill, and what we have is a whole different approach. our concern is, how do we get the agencies who should own this problem to take over and own this problem as they should? because this is not a police problem. these individuals are not criminals. they're hardly even disorderly. they're laying on the ground and maybe a cup out. where are the social service agencies? so as i work with bill again, part of my responsibility is to get the other agencies to meet their responsibilities. so, thank you for giving me the tub to twist your question. >> when i went to police commissioner bratton's swearing in -- he is speaking tomorrow morning -- he said he had two goals. one to get the community to embrace the police department because of their successes our communities are safer now and also to get the member of the service to be proud of the work. he found when he came back after 20 years, the members of the new york city employing department were not proud of their successes. can you speak about those two issues? >> sure. well, i think it's true, and what the commissioner bratton was talking about is a really frustrating point from the perspective of the police. you have achieved these amazing historic gains in safety, yet you're facing an angry community. and so the question we have to ask is, why? and what george said just a minute ago, there are different issues, different points in time, and if the level of fear of crime was the same today as it was in the 1970s, people might be focused on fear of crime. but the police in some ways are victims or their own success and people feel more secure now and they're looking for a different kind of relationship with the police. that is the bad news but also good news because we know so much about how to create that kind of relationship, and as chief tracy was saying, we have -- they have done a lot to create it in chicago, so we know it can be done. the other part of it that is interesting is the question of the police officers. when i first started talking about these kinds of ideas, the whole point was the police want public cooperation. if you treat the public in a particular way you get the cooperation. but in the different academy training programs the officers would come in and say, well, no one ever treats me fairly. that is, i never get list 'ed to. i never -- listened to. i my supervisor doesn't care about my concerns. you're telling me to do things for people on the street, and none of those things happen to me. we have recognized that fair treatment is also something that needs to be inside the internal dynamics of police departments, and this speaks to officer dissatisfaction because we know now we have done research on the internal dynamics of police departments. job satisfaction, job performance, what is the main factor that drives the way the police feel and what they do? whether they think they get fair treatment within the cop text of their -- context of their own police department. so both issues are issues that we can address. unfortunately we know more about -- and farm we know more about how to address them. >> thank you. chief, one of the things you speak about it the principles you have adopted in new york and chicago are successful in combating violent crime. a lot of us are dealing with crimes that i don't want to say we didn't hey the luxury of dealing with before, we can address now. we have identity theft and fraud, the cases we now investigate. some of the strategies, comstat you put in police in new york and chicago, can they be used for other issues? >> absolutely. just -- i uwant to answer the internal legitimacy real quick. the the organization of the police department helps out the legitimacy because we have done surveys of officers and there's still a have you have too know someone to get promoted and that's not the place, and we're trying -- we have been there three years but the meri tookcracy will help us with our external legitimacy. but getting back to what -- we still have a long way to good in chicago. it's the tip of the iceberg. we have he luxury to look at other crimes as we are reducing the shooting incidents and murders. but that's our main priority, and we are supplementing with these other strategies. we have had an opportunity-some of the stricts we go into, not all of them are the violent areas and we're able to lack at some of the lower level crimes fake affecting these people in these neighborhoods. that's their biggest priority. with dna testing, burglaries, the way we can recover prints now, we can identify some of these burglars, dna, with sexual assaults. we have come a long way, and we want to make sure that we gave good look, ensure that we're not letting those things go with the new technology. we're training people and making sure we're the best trained police department as we can be to address these crimes and make sure we stay with technology. when we see a slide in that -- i call it lo-hanging fruit. you have a print and know who the burglar is, you have a dna and know who the person is, send the fugitive unit out and good after these people and pick them up as quickly as possible. that's staying ahead. we can get ahead with the technology and they're identifying bad guys that you want to get them as quick as possible because they usually don't stop at one, specially with robberies and burglaries and criminal sexual assaults. >> let me just add one thing. a lot of chiefs are running scared, and this is partially to counter what to said. you have a thousand murders and you have a one percent increase, beg deal. you have 100 murders and you have ten more, you have a big increase. a lot of chiefs -- there's a feeling amongst chiefs and i'd be interested whether districts and other attorneys are feeling this as well and that is that maybe our gains are fragile, they might be easy to lose. the media are going to be eager to pounce on them when we do. and so it's hard to back away from tactics that might seem extremely -- let me use the term aggressive -- to deal with the serious crime, and this especially the case because violence, homocide, has been so sticky in some many communities and neighborhoods. >> we have some folks with some microphones in the audience. if anybody has any questions for our panelists. you have had an hour to think of one. >> can you comment on the trading that's going on -- training going on in washington state about the warrior mod toll the more guardian model and what you think about that? >> anyone want to take that one? >> if i knew anything about it i'd try it. >> can you expand on it? what type of training we're talking about? >> they're changing the law enforcement training from being a warrior military mod toll more kind of an -- focusing on guardian, empathy, bring social work practice into law enforcement a little bit. ... >> i think just the comment, the pre-emptive use of confrontation , threat, and aggressiveness. take command of the situation. command prse

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