Charter communications supports cspan as a Public Service along with these other Television Providers giving you a frontrow seat to democracy. Remarks now from the u. S. Ambassador to nato, Julianne Smith. She and Foreign Policy analysts are commemorating the 75th anniversary of nato at Georgetown University. Live coverage on cspan2. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] all righty. Welcome to the nato 75 charting a new course conference. Posted by the Georgian Center for Security Studies and sponsored by the institute for the studies diplomacy, the bmw seven for german and European Studies, and the European Center for International Affairs. Our program and will begin shortly. Please take a moment silence any cell phones and a reminder we follow georgian universities speech and expression policy which can be found on the georgian Student Affairs website. With the exception of the Afternoon Keynote, there will be a questionandanswer portion at the end of each session during which you may come to the mic stand at the end or middle of the middle aisle and ask questions here please be sure to phrase your comments in the form of the question, and in interest of time we ask that each person be concise and ask only one question. So the question and answer portion of the Afternoon Keynote supreme allied commander of europe, please submit your questions in advance using the qr code displayed on the screens on either side of the stage. Additionally, we will have several breaks during the day. You are welcome to use the restrooms located on the fourth floor and first solar during these breaks. The doors will close at the beginning of each session. Out of respect for our keynote speakers and panelists please be sure to return probably for each session and do your best to minimize distraction. And finally the our elevators located to the far right of the stairs should you need them. Thank you for joining us today. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] we were at Georgetown University waiting for remarks from the u. S. Ambassador to nato Julianne Smith. She and Foreign Policy analysts are commemorating the 75th anniversary of the nato. We expect this to get underway shortly. Live coverage on cspan2. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] the point of going. I am a faculty member in Security Program at School Foreign service. I am delighted to welcome you all both those joining us in person here this morning at the historic gaston hall as well as those turning in virtually from around the world to our conference on nato at 75 charting a new course. 75 years ago last week not too far from where were meeting now representatives from 12 north atlantic countries came together in Downtown Washington to perform the resolve to unite the efforts for collective security and defense, a preserve the peace and security of the atlantic community. An Association Board of war, designed to fortify peace. In the words of secretary acheson who signed the treaty on behalf of the government and people of the United States, the purpose of the north atlantic pact was twofold. For those who seek peace it is a guide to refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble. For those who set the feet up on the path of aggression it is a warning that if it must needs be that offenses come, then woe unto them. This duality of purpose a desire for peace while being prepared for war has guided the alliance ever since. Peace through security. Indeed the nato flag and emblem featuring a star representing compass symbolizes the peaceful purpose of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. As explained by lord ismay delight to first secretary secry general the compass start guides me towards peace while the circle signifies the unity among the latest members. As Political Military Alliance nato is also used in that its memset pleasantly to uphold the principle of collective defense and guarantee each other security, but also the shared determination to safeguard the freedom and prosperity of their peoples. A freedom founded on principles of democracy, individual libey and it will law. Its hybrid political military identity as a time within the alliance, over the course of the past seven and half decades the lights has often had to navigate the delicate balance between political and military priorities as it sought to fill its chief purpose and safeguardy of its members. Attention that persists within the alliance today and one of your will do more about over the course of the day. Following the end of the cold war nato added two core task and cooperative security to its original focus on deterrence and defense. For a brief time nato could direct its attention and energies towards out of every operations and expedition emissions, securing the belief that europe was wholly free. But history is now caught up with the allies and today russia is once again threatening europe and the wide atlantic community. As a consequence of the alliance returned to its original purpose, deterring and defending the euroatlantic area. At the same time the alliance faces of the threats and challenges, the persistent threat of terrorism and the grilling assertiveness of china whose impatience and coercive policies as at that conflict stated directly challenges the interest, values and security of the alliance. Along with managing these challenges nato must also confront one of the defining issues of our time, the impact of Climate Change. Thats quite a crowded agenda. There been other significant changes along the way as well. 75 years on from its on the light is larger than ever having added 20 additional numbers in the intervening decades most recently sweden last month and so the partner countries like the ap four and as we will hear this morning and afternoon delights is not a larger than ever but it is also actively working on becoming stronger than ever. Navigating the complex and often turbulent waters of todays International Security environment while learning from past expenses and remaining agile enough to adapt to future contingencies is natos central challenge today. Over the course of the day we will have the privilege of hearing from many distinguished alliance practitioners and nato scholars, each offering big unique insights and perspectives on the use and other pressing issues. Minimum will have the opportunity to her directly from u. S. Permanent representative to nato ambassador Julianne Smith who will share her perspective and provide insights on last weeks nato Foreign Ministry on beating as well as a preview of the upcoming agenda for the july Washington Summit. Following her prepared remarks ambassador smith will take questions from the audience in the room. The Afternoon Keynote address will be delivered by supreme allied commander general Christopher Cavoli who will also take questions from those in attendance here today. And to facilitate were excited to introduce a new format for audience members to submit their questions in advance. At least it is true for me. The qr code you see displayed before you on the screens enables you to submit questions throughout the day ahead of this afternoon session entry we can incorporate as many questions from the audience as possible during our brief time with chris kovalic i could just make use of this opportunity entities break in progress. Organizing organizing events of this caliber and size of century can imagine requires all hands on deck and their many individuals are involved in making today possible. I want to begin by thanking my colleagues special professor Stephen Flanagan and heidi irvin, they have in my north stars since we started planning this converts nearly ten months ago. And along the way theyve offered steady direction and been in constant source of advice for which i am deeply appreciative. I also want to express my gratitude to abby from the center for Security Studies who have done an outstanding job a candidate for reality and, frankly, theyve had to put a parchment emails from me in the process. I am also grateful to professors daniel bynum and rebecca, director and associate director of the center for Security Studies for the support along with the many staff and student volunteers from the program who are helping here today. Thank you all. I also want to thank the many colleagues from across the school of Foreign Service and the wider church and University Community for offering their assistance and support and a particularly like to think jackson from the events and jack from Event Management services. Thank you both for all of your work. Finally what extend my extend my gratitude toward georgetown partners the center for international studies, the bmw center for german European Studies for their generous Financial Support for todays programming. Its my pleasure to help introduce will offer few remarks before introducing our first keynote of the day, ambassador Julianne Smith, dean, the film is yours. [applause] the helm. Thank you, sarah, think of all the work youve done in organizing what i know will be a fascinating adventure an important day. I want to welcome you to george takei seems like a particularly ous day because of what were going to see climactic as well as what we will discuss in the room. Im going to see whether the staff can actually get as classes to look at the eclipse as with lots of people leaving for about 15 minutes in the afternoon. I dont know if stain classes also a a protective way of log at eclipse. But it does feel, gives this day a little bit more significance. Let me welcome you here for those who have never joined us here on the Georgetown UniversityCampus School of Foreign Service. Let me tell you little bit about her school because it is such an honor of privilege and indeed for us very consistent with the nationwide the school is greater. You are here at the school of Foreign Service searching university which is the Oldest School of International Affairs in the United States. It was created in 1919 in the immediate aftermath of world war i with a very explicit mission, are found on that very day at inaugurating the school said and i quote unprepared as we were for war we are resolved never to be unprepared for the peace and for over 100 years this school has been training generations of leaders engaging through our Scholarship Research and teaching on the core issues that will preserve the peace, both in the last century and Going Forward. So what is very much in line with our mission to welcome this discussion on a critical alliance, a critical set of relationships, a Critical Organization that has worked very much in accordance with this mission to preserve the peace nato at 75. We are deeply grateful to be able to host such an extraordinary range of panelists to talk both about the history of nato but more importantly about the future of nato at such a critical moment. As we all know nato has been challenged like never before with an invasion in europe that was almost unimaginable a few years ago, and yet natos resolve has shown to be well beyond the expectations, the unit of nato, the expansion of nato has been true to the very mission by which nato was created. But there are many challenges ahead and this is an extraordinary opportunity to begin for this challenge is to understand the challenges to begin to set the stage for the next 75 years of natos efforts to preserve peace. And with that we want to begin with somewhat of course the nose these issues from the inside out as you say, we are so pleased to welcome today ambassador Julianne Smith. She is as you know the u. S. Permanent representative to nato, a position that you took on in november 2021. Following a long and distinguished career in multiple positions both engaging in an analyzing the transatlantic relationship. Prior to its position she served as a Senior Advisor to secretary of state blinken. Before that she was director of asia and geopolitics programs at the German Marshall Fund of the triticum also directed the transatlantic Security Program at the center for a new american security. She also played a number of roles in government. She was acting as a screen advisor and Deputy National security adviser to the Vice President of the United States. She served for three years as the principal secretary director for european and new policy in the pentagon for which she was actually awarded the secretary defense medal for exceptional Public Service. And, of course, she has held for right of positions in Research Institutes here in washington and the on the center for strategic and international studies, the German Marshall Fund, the American Academy in berlin. So she is uniquely capable of giving us both a perspective on natos past, and, of course, a glimpse into how the u. S. Is thinking about natos future. And we are pleased to moderate this discussion first in a fireside chat and then for questions to have a truly distinguished member of the International Press corps, david sanger. Hes the white house and National Securities correspondent for the New York Times, and one of the organizations most senior writers having spent 42 years at the New York Times. During which he was associated with a team that has won multiple pulitzer prizes. His new book, the fourth book that he is published will come out in april called fittingly new cold war, chinas rise, russias invasion, and the struggle to defend the west. Hes also written to make of the New York Times bestsellers. Hes been very cheap in tokyo, washington economic correspondent, the White House Correspondent during the clinton and Bush Administration and indeed the chief washington correspondent. So we couldnt have a better and her locker and moderator for this conversation. And with that it is my pleasure to welcome ambassador Julianne Smith and david sanger to the stage to begin the case proceedings. Thank you very much. [applause] well, good morning, and thanks for coming out early on a monday morning. And thank you to joel for that lovely introduction. It is a real pleasure and an honor to open this conference, nato at 75, charting a new course that im very much looking for to your questions in the few minutes. For threequarters of a century nato has been a cornerstone of International Peace and security, United Nations in a collective commitment to mutual defense, and to our shared values. Natos Success Story really is remarkable, and its one that was by no means preordained. The fact that in 2024, 75 years after it was founded, the alliance is bigger, stronger, and more united speaks to the alliances adaptability. It speaks to natos resilience. But it also speaks to the commitment and the courage of millions of soldiers, sailors, aviators and operate together under the nato umbrella. But i think it also speaks to the attractiveness of natos core values, democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law. Now, i dont have enough time this morning here had to gh all of natos many achievements over the last seven decades, and there will be sample panel struck that they were folks will be allowed to look at the alliance from different angles, looks like a superb conference and series of discussions, and i congratulate the organizers. But what i do want to do this morning is i want walk us through all that has hap