Pres. s hundred and 2nd birthday. Before we start i i just want to say today is a free admission day. I encourage you to visit the president s birthplace. Take that in and visit the memorial sites in the galleries to learn about the life of this extraordinary man. Another extraordinary man is our nixon legacy lecturer today. He began his career in the Eisenhower Administration as a speechwriter and joined pres. Nixon for his 1962 california gubernatorial bid. He returns to the white house in 1969 as the chief of staff to Daniel Patrick moynihan, somewhat of a political odd couple, democrat coupled with pres. Next. The two were very loyal friends and made theyre relationship work. One of the few people they could say he was friends with both of these men. We have preview video to show. Assistant to the president for urban affairs. The last time i saw him he was speaking appropriately scheduled on halloween night. Predicting the end of the worlds next and was elected the following week. Mr. Speaker, the president of the United States. And incredibly close election. He was coming in with an opposition in congress and really felt like he needed some prominent democrats. Strangely he turned to pat moynahan and put him on his white house staff. The opposition people in the cabinet because he can fire them more easily. Put them on your white house staff and if they quit your in trouble. Speechwriter for nixon when he ran for governor, a professional. It was close. Moynihan was totally different. It is simply good friends. It was a very unusual white house to have a Richard Nixon staff that is all very uptight and then throw into the mix the 6foot five super elf wandering around. It turned out strangely enough theyre were. The medal of freedom was invented by pat moynihan. He had the pleasure of putting together a list for the president a list that included duke ellington. Ellington. The best he could. Sang saying happy birthday to him. Happy birthday. He got many things to the white house. Was trying to was trying to build a a sense of nixon to be historic. Proposed something that no president has ever proposed. This was a big surprise. Nixon had actually in his campaign campaigned against this idea which basically was a negative income tax. I think they are to get rid of their good conscience. Clearly something on their mind that produce the family assistance plant with next and had to get on television and say, yeah, say, yeah, this is more expensive. Initially this new system we will cost more. Unlike unlike welfare it is designed to correct the condition. Felt very deeply about the question. His his father had deserted his family when he was a young fellow two. Won the support his children. And so to make the children eligible. Won the support his children. And so to make the children eligible. Creating a knew welfare system was his white whale the major thing that he wanted to do in the two years that he was given to serve in the Nixon Administration command he did it. I therefore propose to abolish the president s welfare system and that we adopt in its place a new family assistance. Changing the configuration of the world great. It was moynihan who created the opportunity for nixon to take advantage. Ladies and gentlemen friend of the Nixon Foundation president nixon stephen hess. [applause] Jonathan Lloyd has now used to tell his staff that he had a favorite cartoon, a man standing on top. But thank you for your introduction. It was produced by George Burroughs at brookings. I love having the president say happy birthday to duke ellington. Ellington and the french style kissing next on both cheeks. I want to add something but one of our colleagues on the white house staff died on january 3 command his funeral was yesterday. His name is Marty Anderson. When you read my book you will see is a prominent player in this particular story. Hes famous for what he did when he came back in the reagan administration, but he did one thing more important and it happened is something that in the earlier ceremony was talked extensively about Richard Nixon creating what became the volunteer army. The proposal developed by Marty Anderson the San Francisco in 1970. In the movie of the greatest game in town. No one remembers it. The town of course, was las vegas. Inspired. He was getting his phd at mit it would have been in the early 60s and he had access to the great computer and he thought that maybe he would handicap races, the closest to boston. All of the trainers all the conditions, all the way on the horses command on and on he went telling me what he had put into the machine. I guess so got so good that i could break even. I remember him today. I think the easiest way to get into the story and i want to tell you the professor and the president is to read a few of the 1st pages to set the scene. Then we can can go into the plot. Okay. Im the only person who was a a friend of both Richard Nixon and Daniel Patrick moynihan before they knew each other. The story of the consequences of their paths crossing in 1969, a conservative president made a liberal professor is urban Affairs Advisor in the white house. For moynihan this was a trajectory to become us ambassador. Representative to the United Nations by president ford. And at the United Nations to the u. S. Senate where he was elected four times. And if his domestic policy with a progressive test that he had neither promised nor imagined. I 1st met nixon just after he lost the presidency the john f. Kennedy in 1960 and returned to california. I have been a speechwriter for president eisenhower from 1958 to 1961. He was not a presence in the white house because he did not have an office theyre. Eisenhower considered the vice presidency to be constitutionally part of the executive branch. One proposal eisenhower got his own car and was driven home. The president s then president then did not get staff and offices and all the other perks. The Republican National committee determined to keep eisenhower politically active. Someone had answered his mail. Mail. And the job that i accepted was to be paid so many cents for each letter. We failed to anticipate the deluge. It was as if every school board in america wanted next paragraph accepting to the Charity Auctions are just wanted to say hello. They provide they provide the windfall in the lobby to become an independent writer i would draft a letter. The masses look from from the general. Arranged to have been chief congressional lobbyist in the Eisenhower White house and was now the gobetween. He also instructed me to attempt to any needs nixon might have. Nixon was now alain maker for Los Angeles Law Firm proud to have considerable income for the 1st time in his life and to be able to build a home. I have to play golf fueled his washington since 1947. Didnt meet nixon in person until the spring of 1961. He wanted help writing articles for the sunday evening post. He borrowed law office these are the days before large firms would have there own offices in washington. And after we discussed the article that he wanted he said said incidentally dont send me those draft letters. I dont want to be remembered as one of those politicians who are members peoples birthdays. Lesson learned. Eisenhower was a natural politician. Nixon the politician, was not. I not. I also learned how helpful it was. Those projects which i continue to do for the next three years. Admired writers, told me that writing crisis is episodic and compelling account of his political career the most difficult thing he had ever done. Moreover, he was exceedingly generous. Often splitting large fees. The family too much. He was embarrassed and said i would only have to give it to the irs. Much of a connection i learned was different from the public. Nixon was largely professional and political. Moynihan it was neither. Pat and i have been socially connected they have declared the two young friends, two young men who were going to be friends command he was right. We instantly liked each other. We saw a good deal of each other. Through the years the memories compounded. At the upstate New York Farm he declared their teenage children pointing to a sumptuous vegetable patch future leaders of america go forth. Trapped in trapped in washington on a boiling july sunday the knew call and that he secretly discovered there was a grotto on the Capitol Grounds where the wind would stay cool. My wife and i joined pat and his wife as we do many times after pats death in 2,003 1117 of june. Was there anything you would like to have . Three both days. You dont where them. But i will have the framed and have them with me. If you should buy the book on the back cover you will find the three bowties. She gave me roddy bowties. December 51968 the nixon transition headquarters the president elect announced that Daniel Patrick moynihan would join the white house staff assistant to the president for urban affairs. The twoyear leave from his position at harvard and nixon said that he will create by executive order a knew council that we will serve as the counterpart domestic counterpart to the National Security council. The Washington Post moynihan was described as 6foot 5 inches of gross of wit, infuriating candor. Come to be nixons democrat. 1969 was not a good year for republicans to become president. One by a bear margin both houses of congress were controlled by the democrats. He democrats. He felt he needed a democrat in his administration. You choose a democrat for your next because you can fire the person. But instead he took moynihan to be an advisor to have which was incredibly high risk proposition. He did not no. He asked the young man if moynihan called dan or daniel. He knew he was called pat. They did not no each other. Did not much care. He was from harvard. And he was a liberal. Why would moynihan on the other hand choose to go with nixon . Nixon was the person most despised by the liberal community of cambridge the Upper West Side in new york and in the sense pat was giving up his future in his own party didnt have the future. A very serious report talked at some length. It was immediately despised by liberals. Important elements of the democratic coalition. He was on the outs. He could not possibly have gotten a president from Lyndon Johnson at that time. Rsc points out if you could comprehend humphrey had been elected. If their is ever something that pat moynihan and it worked his way up the political scale started with running a campaign for governor of new york became his assistant. When kennedy was elected he became an assistant in the labor department, and suddenly his career was over because know one would accept him who had said these things about the sociological nature of the lower class. So they joined forces. Joining forces was tricky. In some ways he responded. The 1st day he went to work for january 211969 he had in his office or the burns from an old friend of his from the Eisenhower Administration who had been preparing transition reports will be delivering them. Ill now be counsel to the president. He had rejected the idea. He was coming on sabbatical. As he expected in a a years time when the job is open. You you cannot say know to the present he has two competing Ivy League Professors one a liberal harvard social scientists the other a conservative columbia economist and they are in conflict. What conflict. What happens is they are in conflict in about the way that you would like people to be in conflict where theyre are disputes in the white house. It could have been conducted in the faculty lounge. Now, nixon probably did not expect this to happen. Mixes model for how our government would operate with basically foreignpolicy. But in Domestic Affairs it turns to the models in which eisenhower reached out to his. The and basically worked out decisions. The secretary of commerce. While at the mouth. So that the eisenhower model was supposed these questions out into the. But what happened was eisenhower knew exactly how to run an organization, he had rather work. He was able to get the cabinet officers he wanted. Nixon won a big election. People were devoted to him. He had none of these advantages. He had many cabinet officers who are not necessarily his 1st choice. Choice. And so as we started this urban Affairs Council pretty sure he cannot stand it. They did not set up. And after a while he just told him keep me away from the. And in turn he turned this conflict for urban policy not to his and specifically but to barnes and moynihan now. If you had a game who would win. It win. It would have to be burns. Always a republican. Moynihan was not. Burns had all of the advantages to win and yet he didnt. So if the 1st at this book is really thought of as three mysteries of the 1st was all around why moynihan picked nixon and why nixon picked moynihan. The 2nd would be what happened in this internal struggle of the policy and why would moynihan when most of the battles. Battles are not just one. Thoroughly engaging. Funny. He attracted the people the staff. And that the way to the next word came out. Entered into the question. Early on winning some battles because they were afraid of losing them. But as it became clear remember publicly against the vietnam war. He had been a founder of many of Lyndon Johnsons war on Poverty Program which nixon ran against. Yet his commitment to the president was not to say anything public about any of these disputes. Thats not why he was there. He said things privately. The war was a disaster and i wish i had that money spent for other reasons. Publicly he never said anything. This was important. A major component. They became close, it became a real that was founded in a funny way he started to send memorandum memoranda to the president. I know because i was on the eisenhower staff but not nixon. Long convoluted, long convoluted, complex. They were even about subjects that the president cannot do anything about. The president should know about this. Somebody who reads that. These were memos that clearly or election to intellectual. Richard nixon had never received memos like that before command he loved them. What did he he do . Unfortunately he started to send them around the people which means that ultimately they would leak and cause problems. This this was a strange way they started to me through memoranda. Nixon particularly at the stage for he was not anxious to be sitting around with his own cabinet the executive office the oval office across the street he created another office. They would have conversations. The president would say political biographies which ones should i read . Pat would say read blake cannot read the book on melbourne. And the president who apparently had a sleeping problem would get up at two or three in the morning and start reading these books. And he said you can be like this man a conservative Prime Minister with liberal ideas. Pat had a a greater advantage. Henry kissinger when he joined the Nixon Administration knew exactly what the president s beliefs were with foreign policy. That is why he was chosen. But there were no beliefs that there was a very strange part about nixon and i do very wellhouse because of his campaign in the 62 to be interested in local domestic issues. But yet how can a man who so excessively seeks the presidency avoid u. S. Domestic issues . And pat went to go see the president and he called me and said come here. And he was very excited and he said he is a deterrent. He didnt know anything about social policies that when a man was telling him about. Because i do nixon i said he is not ignorance. He is this interested. Dis interested. When running for governor and knew he would lose he called me and i said the still thank you will lose . And he said yes but i wont have to talk about crap like dope addiction negev. [laughter] so how to solve problems of the soviet union or vietnam. So pat was such an advantage over henry that he had a blank slate to work upon. Not only as an educator betted europe brilliant politician. This is important with Richard Nixon. Nixon was of moderate. He was a moderate for the Supreme Court decision to make sure that is how he would come out on a the middle and pat knew when to move. The book describes not only the fight but the excitement of being at the white house. The basement of the kissingers staff or the place that you got your hair cut. There was a couch opposite the security post. Next to the situation room. And there is always an important person sitting on the couch because kissinger was always late for an appointment and a lot of these people were important and they sat there. And i look and say that is kurt douglas. And i got up some nerve and i said hello mr. Douglas. Are you waiting for Henry Kissinger . He is always late. Come into my office we will have a cup of coffee while you are waiting. So he comes into my office that is really pats office i rush into and he comes in and the three of us sitting there. We were talking about movies. And another story. Into represent nelson rockefeller. But kissinger was quite nervous he had never talked to a six yearold in his life. [laughter] i was quite sure i could talk about the volunteer army but we had the debate and one year later were both in the basement of the white house. If we happen to cut bin at the same time in the morning i would say learn how to solve the war. This went on and on. At one point were at separate urinals and henry a. Kissinger leans over to say steve, you are right this is what