Military records from the union during the civil war, newspapers, one of the most fascinating sources that i found was advertisement indy new orleans paper for rose. She is advertised for sale in the newspaper. Two kaiser day. That was shocking but at the same time indicated how routine for buying and selling of human beings was in the american south. Sources were plentiful. The biggest point here is there are sources available, the individual lives of people, historians have not reached part of that project, so much to recover the lives of people lost to history. Questions . Fascinating stories of the blockade in it seems there is regular commerce between the south and cuba, getting his cotton from South Carolina to of anna, backandforth. Apparently wasnt a particularly good blockade or they picked good blockade runners. Questions about the blockade, the blockade was porous. And the first yearandahalf of the war, new orleans was the center of blockade, once the union captured new orleans, said in louisiana, the union army and t cutting it off. But after the union sees as new orleans there is regulated movement in the shifting between new orleans and havana. At the same time the Union Commander survey vessels to crack down on gun running, money into the confederacy, a confederate new orleans trying to connect to sympathizers but one of the interesting stories is have anna, theres a real cat and mouse going on in havana. Between representatives of the union and the confederacy. A small but substantial confederate enclave springs up in havana which begins to coordinate offshore activity. It is one of the fascinating places of confederate diplomacy in the war. I think that requires a historian who is more familiar with cuban and spanish archives. I did go to cuba, did research for this book and found some documents about the children like finding a needle in a haystack. A more complete study would require a very eager resources to sink their teeth to find material we suspect exists. We can see this is a captivating conversation dealing with the nature of american slavery as well as the stories, roses quest for equality and justice. If you are able to because of the weather they moved by gen nobles tense inside Louisiana State library. There will be a book signing between 3 30 and 4 15. If you have any other questions, the professor would address those at Louisiana State library. Thank you for attending the session. Thank you. The final panel from the Twelfth Annual louisiana book festival, behindthescenes look at Freedom Summit through a series of photographs, ed kings mississippi 11. Thank you for coming to the celebration, ed kings mississippi behind the scenes of freedom summer published by University Press in mississippi which is publishing arm of the university of mississippi from our offices in jackson, mississippi each year, we bring to Global Market over 200 other creations in traditional print, print on demand, electronic book forms. It gives me great pleasure to introduce today reverend ed king, who was a major figure in the Civil Rights Movement in mississippi, the chaplain, became a key leader in the mississippi freedom became a key leader in the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party and a delegate at the 1964, and 1198 Democratic National conventions. Ed king ran for Lieutenant Governor and was on a ticket with famed civil rights leader aaron henry who ran for governor of the state of mississippi. One of the most wonderful things that he did during the Civil Rights Movement was to carry a small camera, keep a great memory for very often, the only white mississippi in the room to hear what was going to happen next for freedom and the state of mississippi. An associate professor at american studies and Missouri University science and technology, the author of one homogenous people, and white masculinity and the recent south. He joined with reverend king to make this wonderful book happened that i must say have been waiting on for many years. Thank you. Coming out on this rainy afternoon, let me start by thanking steve before his introduction and the outstanding job, what the press of mississippi did with this book. And we hope it is it useful book. Let me sail little bit about the context of the work the book contains. In the summer of p164, about 1,000 volunteers came to the state of mississippissi and also doctors, attoftereys, health care providers, other professionals, a much of the work they came to mississippi to do that summer was to register black voters. Mississippi had the lowest percentage of black registered voters, something on the order of 6 in the summer of p196. Thememolunteers worked with locl people, with long established, grassroots lsteel leaders, and over the course of the summer if they build freedom schools where young people and old ph lple wee talking rudiments of civics, ways to navigate the very treacherous and perilousmemoter registration process in mississippi, they were taught and participated in various art programs, and generally worked to try to overcome some of the legacy of the 100 years of jim crow that had settled on to mississippi after the ending of slavery. If one grew up in the state of mississippi in the late 1950s and lee 1960s, one heard very little in public at least from officials sources, newspapers, schools, politicians, the pulpit, accept at mississippis way of life was under assault, and this assault amounted to an assault on the american way of life bec the ase the common eneo the mississippi way of life and the american way of life is a communist insurgency. It is easy for us 50 or 60 years after this event to smile for the threat of communism, for most americans, most southerners that threat was very real, the president said so, the head of the fle b said so, in the early 1960s, events demonstrated to many White Mississippian that indeed the roots of the culture were under siege. In 1961, the freedom rides brought integrated groups of writers across the south testing the integration of Public Transportation facilities. There were efforts at black rotary registration in mississippi, etorts that were pushed back violencroy. In 1962 came racial integration of the university of mississippi, James Meredith and Voter Registration in the mississippi delta. In 1963 theracackson movement against segregated public accommodations and the freedom vote to demonstrate black mississippian its didmemery i m desire to exercise their constitutional rights. Year by year by year, leading up to 11964 the events covered in this book, the atmosphere for people who wanted to see change in Mississippi Group more perilous. Questioning the established order brought consequences for blacks and whites alike in mississippi and to challenge the established order demanded an unusual tenacity in determination to act on those believs. As we reach the upth anniversary of so many pivotal events in the mississippi and Southern Civil rights struggle, i belistee alog with any other mississippians and scholars that reverend king deserves fresh recognition for his work on behalf of the state of mississippi and its citizens, black and white. Many mississippians, black and white had concluded that the state was beyond redemption. Rsteerend king might have joine many other welleducated young 1d many other a freer climate. Instead from those people who admired or fear it or simply acquiesce in the status quo. The kingss involvement in civil rights work would cost the kings and their families many old friendships. Reverend kings interesting Racial Justice and reconciliation had already caused enough controversy by 1964 to force his parents from the state. A fellow methodist told the kings, his parents, i want to tell you something very important and i hope this makes you feel better. I do not for a minute believe that you are communists. I have listened to some of the people whose say you are and i dont accept their arguments. However, i am afraid your son is. Rhetoric like this demonstrates that powerful confluence as i mentioned earlier of anti civil rights and anticommunist rhetoric in the state and the nation at the time. And it explains why people saw questioning of the jim crow order as radicalism if not deep irresponsibility if not outright radicalism and such attitudes produced an atmosphere of very great peril for ed king and other civil rights workers. Over time, wrote the distinguished civil rights historian john denver, reverend king became the most visible white activist in the mississippi movement. King was ostracized by his family, scorned by his colleagues and clergy, and later shunned by white moderates who entered the political arena only after it was safe to do so. Rev. Ed king bore witness to his face, took the stand for basic civil rights for black mississippians, no other White Mississippian so consistently put himself on the line in the 1960s and beyond for liberal christian principles as did the rev. Ed king. Thank you, steve, thank you, folks, sending out of the stormy weather, what the book was about, one of the main tasks i had during the civil rights period was traveling throughout the country to speak at churches, citigroup, areas, organizations about what was going on, the first four five years, people were polite but it was unbelievable, with freedom summer, we brought in a thousand people from around the country, some from the university of virginia from tulane, a southern schools, most were yankees. They brought Media Attention with them and that helped, the midst of bringing them in, three of our staff volunteers were killed, mortars, and people realized how serious mississippi was and that americans, black and white on the outside and the inside had to struggle to face this. When i would make those trips around the country i would give the most recent number of terrorist attacks, that sort of thing, seeing some freedom songs and explain them, quote great leader is, sometimes i would want to depart from the specifics and usually after a lecture would get around in to sharing stories and storytelling is a different way of approaching truth. I will have a few snapshots to show you with a few comments in this time we have together. First time want to read something to you from the book, my way of trying to explain everything that happened from routes until the crisis of freedom summer, in terms of who we are as southern harris and i use chapter title, it is wonderful that you have a dog have a symbol on love brochure and the booklet for the louisiana book festival. I have a few louisiana customs, my father was raised near morningsport, oil city, up in that part of the world, vivian and so on. He also was among students from workingclass whites that he long as governor helped get to hell is you and he was among the first students after the new campus was being built here. I have taught as an adjunct and a faculty member of ole miss so i am partial to ole miss. Dogs are important. Long sectional, what dogs and animals mean it. This really hit me a few weeks ago when we watched on television the refugees pouring into hungary, people building fences and i want you to imagine like i would tell an audience in nebraska and some were just imagine this scene. Some of you may have seen it. The hungarians build a fence, put barbed wire on it and brought out a German Shepherd dogs, men with guns to try to save their way of life. They were honorable in their intentions. After a week of this, there was a photograph of thousands of refugees being hoarded in one place, and the soldiers throwing sandwiches from the back of a truck. I hope some of you saw that. I saw that and it threw me back to 1963 in jackson when we had a concentration camp like setting, when the police came and could not imagine 500 black students had marched and gone to prison and the police put out barrels of water like animals would drink from because the police use the state fairgrounds strong on the ground and put black children on like birmingham which was bad enough, two weeks after Birmingham Children were put into strong pans, told if you with your seat in the one hundred 3 degree weather,s like dogs and some kids told me they had their heads shoved into the water. I wasnt there but i believe in it. I have been tortured in that prison several times myself. The stories people couldnt make up. After this water business, the police came in and bread bologna and enjoyed saying blacks adjust dogs and through the bread in the air, jump for it, you dogs and 50 years later i see police, hungry refugeess, got to give a food jump, background, let me read mississippi, police dogs, all kinds of dogs in mississippi, special dog smell of water moccasins and barked out a warning and up in the hills and even in the delta there are many poor whites who have their hunting dogs and faithful friends michael. So loved that man might lower his did dog down into the grave, silver chain, crying out his name, here,. Here, blue. That this is to be never had long silver planes for black mississippians, only coal iron chains. Until recently on convict chain gangs the fugitive man who escaped his bonds desperate for freedom was tracked down, summoning the lynch mobs, more eager for the death of this man than his trial for justice. When the 1961 arrival of the freedom riders, white mississippi began to have its love of a new style police dog. The handsome German Shepherds who had been viciously changed in missouri where my friend by a german immigrant in springfield who was an ex nazi guard and dog handlers now advised American Police and that trickled down through the last 50 years but remember those origins. In the police stations and jails and mississippi these dogs were kept on change, made an awful sound in the roaring of the beast. Growling of the dog was never as horrible as the laughter of the police. Once i thought the dogs would actually kill me. In the winter of 1964 white police were waiting as often happened outside the gates of college. I was driving and police instantly followed us into downtown jackson. Two students, in jail before, and reasonably assumed this time we were on the way to jail again. I made a fruitless effort to avoid another false traffic charge which meant jail, 12 months and that 1,000 fine. Several miles later the familiar flashing police light finally came on. I stopped, was told to follow the police into the underground parking lot of the city jail. This was familiar territory where many friends had been beaten. Far across the unusually empty parking lot underground was the elevator where even more torture and beatings were routine. The arrest in officers ordered the three of us to stand next to my car. The white officer walked over to the other side and a voice cried out turn him loose, let the dogs kill him. We heard the ferocious barking and howling of the police dogs, the dreaded German Shepherd monsters were charging down on us. We backed against my car. There was no place to run. Two immense dogs leapt towards us lunging at our faces and throats. I held my breath and said a silent prayer. The dogs snarl, the police sheared and waft. The dogs were still on their chains, held by the delighted white police that they had not actually released them. The front paws and chief of the beasts were no more than a few feet away from us. At one of the women stumbled and fallen for the dogs that would have been killed, have i tried to run off or hold off the dogs i would have been killed. Four please plan to enter the parking garage, theyre laughing in with the growls of the dogs and the clanging of their change on the concrete floor. All of the combined noise reverberated throughout the room. I wanted to scream but did not dare because of the awful feeling that i might never be able to stop. What a relief it was to be placed in that dreaded elevator when you could almost see the blood stains. This time we were not be in and the dogs did not ride up with us to the cells on the fifth floor. We were taken to the familiar place for mug shots, the standard cursing and jailed on but false traffic charges and if you hours later were released to a movement lawyer. I go on to talk about how the police were sheared in the whole white community. The police were brought to civic clubs where the police to the uppermiddleclass, white men who ruled the city demonstrate their dogss tricks and white women having the dog come to their social cheese in the afternoon and the dogs would be put through their tricks. I dont think they brought any black children to the white ladiesses. I understood why we needed a crisis moment. In the summer of 64 three people i knew, two of them very well were killed, for 40 days or so a search went on for their bodies. In the midst of this time dr. Martin luther king came to mississippi. I was asked by the civil rights leaders to be the host for Martin Luther king and take him on a trip to hell, into view of the ruins of mount zion on methodist church, the first church bombs in the state and talk with the survivors. I have a few pictures here okay. Is this one up right now . Okay. Okay. In this picture, this is a snapshot because i am their post and they are with them. Andy young and near the front, Martin Luther king in the middle, i wasnt taking them because they were my friends. I was there host. We Work Together and we were risking our lives. The only church for four counties around where dr. King could have spoken were burned to the ground. We were able to get him into a nearby pool hall and here is dr. King playing pool with a few of the guys who might have been 20 years old, 21, almost ready to vote but a lot of the kids followed us in. I did not think that was superunusual. I was taking my snapshot. Is a wonderful way. Via told a group in detroit that dr. King was in a pool hall, of day. He then would talk to the people around him, especially the kids. And they were rapturous in listening to him. That me read something. I think the men were impressed with martins presence in couple all. He certainly identified with the grass roots. Among some of the local black people a kind of puritanism prevailed. It would not be as strong today but it did exist then. Some of them would have been uncomfortable with his being in that kind of place because they themselves were trying desperately to hold onto a little more secure, respectable life style. His playing pool would only be a few minutes, then he would Start Talking and we would be working at the back of the crowd with Voter Registration materials. Wont you take this . Will you take this home to your parents . Martin spoke of love, nonviolence and politics. Martin was well aware that many black children followed him as they walked around and were staring through the windows into the pool hall, the children and teenagers, some of his remarks. And Hubert Humphrey or what have you. Discreetly but they knew i was a teacher. Dr. King, as they, those missing men had given their lives for your freedom and mine. I see a lot of young people here. You have been born into a world that presents you with so many conditions that cause you to feel that you are inferior, cause you to feel less than a white man but if i leave anything with you this afternoon i want each of you to feel you are just as good as anybody else, that god created in the world. I want you to know that you are somebody and you are gods children. This is anything but jovial for me. Kids seem to love it. We were crowded inside the dark rooms. I was impressed with martins words but worried that a small bomb in that place would tell all of us and martin spoke about fear. With all the conditions there is a temptation for you people to be afraid. If we are willing to be free as a people we need to shed ourselves of fear and not to say to those who oppose us with violence you cant stop us by bombing the church. You can stop us by shooting at us and you can stop us by brutalizing us because we are going to keep on keeping on until we are free. I mention some of the black sunday School Teachers were a little awkward feelings about martin being in pool halls. The real comment about the pool hall came from a great white minister in your state. This state in new orleans, leading from the book again. One whitey evangelist from new orleans, the rev. Bob harrington, became quite involved in the case. Harrington had built a reputation preaching to strippers and others in years in the war where he announced was known as the, quote, chaplain of birmingham street. The suburban st. Chaplain attacked Martin Luther king as, quote, a false profit seeking to gain for himself and not for the kingdom of god or his own race. I challenge Martin Luther king to explain, he calls himself a minister of the gospel when the gospel is the good news of the board. Some preachers this Martin Luther king is. He comes into town and instead of a bible, he uses a pull stick. Our Jackson White newspapers were glad to pick up on support in new orleans. Let me shift to a different kind of story in the book. My home not only was host for a summit meeting with dr. King, and the young and so on, Plan National strategy for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, but our home was a center for people who wanted refuge or quiet or anything else. Our home during freedom summer operated as the center of high Level Strategy sessions against rest homes and things we just talked about. Moments here were generally a delightful time. Early in the summer one white volunteer came to was with a serious problem. Soon enough this serious problem came into our living room. This young man was based in the delta and its working with watkins and others in holmes county, he had a strange story indeed. Steve explain his grandfather had been a u. S. Senator from connecticut and this family was known and well liked by mississippis own senators. Senator jim eastland discovered the Young Bingham was working in his own delta country. Likely enough place for someone to be murdered or just disappear. So eastland arranged protection for steve, nobody else. Members of the state police, white only highway patrol, were assigned to guard and watchingham at all times silly white patrol car was put out side of home where he stayed at night in the midst of the delta. White police followed him everywhere. Not only was this embarrassing but it did make voter canvassing doortodoor in black neighborhoods rather awkward. Steve bingham came to talk to was about the matter. Is white Police Escort followed him to the campus, white police car on campus was dangerous for the police as well as the rest of us. The students would regard this visit as provocative if word of the Police Presence brett on campus students might attempt to rescue whoever it the police had captured. Steve introduced me to the two officers and his car following him and after a lengthy conversation, i persuaded the officers to park near my house but just off the campus, right outside the gate. At my house steve parked his car where the other officers could see it. That was not be enough. His escort had orders to watch steve constantly. I promised not to sneak him off the campus but the police insisted on calling their headquarters. Orders came back, one of them had to keep watch and would have to follow this volunteer everywhere he went including the house for dan of the notorious genet king. The other officer would have to stay and guard the police car. We accepted the situation. The man staying with the police car place two rifles in queen view of the windows, then i persuaded him to be much safer with the guns out of sight. I tried to get him out of the car suggesting he sit in the shade of the nearby tree and let us bring him a coat. Another officer, very young man, white mississippi frame, followed bing them into the infamous campus and even into our house. The hostess did everything to make our surprise guests feel comfortable. Jane stem bridge, the earliest white southerners, using the best georgia drawl. Two black poet seize the opportunity, and entertaining, as politely, and the white policeman was in full uniform. Student jane had him describing various insignia with his costume. And talking about his gun. We didnt usually have guests in the living room. And showed her his huge revolver to his waist belt and placed on our dining room table. He pulled his chair closer to the gun but did accept some ice tea and seemed to relax a little. And big bullets in the belt, he spread a handful of among the dining room table, they were special. Most mississippi people were using bigger guns, the 1964 season, we were impressed. The ladies kept up the conversation, steve and i managed a few private words in another room always reappearing often enough to reassure the office. Steve place the phone calls, and turned up the noisy room airconditioner and got him to tell me about those big old bullets. Sins of a party ended. Steve bling demand company had to return to the delta. The officer did take a coat and cookies with him for the other officer as james said goodbye and come back now, you here