Topics list at of upper right side of the page. Heres a look at books published in 2008. The tenyear booktv on cspan2. The examination of president nixon. Nixon went was released that year, as well as ron paul and his manifesto, the revolution. The 12 term texas congressman was on booktv in 2008. What really is left, not very much. Its because we gradually have eroded the protection that we all had and what we thought was part of the revolution about. The Fourth Amendment was a big deal. I mean, the president can attest to this. You know, the principal was so important for the founders and those who rebelled against the king because they didnt want their papers and homes searched without a proper warrant and yet today that is irrelevant. So if you can do that because they sense of the people are frightened and that is when people are more likely to give up their livelihood, and that is exactly what they did individuals who want to do this anyway saw this as an opportunity. And its like, i could show you the documentation on the quotes and ive even used them on the house were in flight, people are actually saying that the opportunities like this are beneficial. We have to use them. And we had some pretty good evidence that people right after 9 11 really expressed their chair. Not because they endorse this monstrous act, but this might give us an opportunity than one individual says sometimes you might have a look lucky that my poor however. Seriously . That is a pretty atrocious type of statement. But those in the patriot act, they were not new and the stuff had been floating around. There were better opportunities. In that bill came out without us having time to read it. And of course anyone who would vote against it i mean, its unamerican. Its unpatriotic. And if i talk to a member of congress who says, how can you say this when they have rather, its like they can say, well, this is a horrible event in the American People are upset and they are scared to death and they may Want Congress to do something about it. Because even if you do the wrong thing, it is irrelevant. Also in 2008, bing west publishes book is strongest tribe. His thoughts on military strategy during the war in iraq. And the biography of andrew jackson. Plus, theres the booktv. Org to watch programs in the last 50 years and continue watching us that booktv all weekend long with more nonfiction authors and books. Booktv continues now with malcolm gladwell. He talks about the power of underdogs and why they succeed as often as they do. This includes the longrunning conflict in ireland and other events in history. This is about one hour and 10 minutes. So i bought brought some of my friends in college here tonight. I would like to see malcolm gladwell. Thank you for being here. One individual said that guy with crazy hair. [laughter] well, that guy is known for a lot more than that. Despite having in the book, working with thinking without thinking, and the beauties of malcolms works is that he makes you think. His work uncovers truths that are hidden. And as a marketer and a philosophy major, things are that are strange, and things that are uncovered, it is something dear to my heart than another reason why i have malcolm here to speak about this. His Academic Research and critical analysis and fascinating style provide astonishing and useful insights about the world and our place in it. His bestselling book includes a Tipping Point outliers how many people have read one of his books . Okay, that is actually a lot of you in that explains why he is the number one bestselling author on amazon in the business section and i think that he brings 19th overall in history. So okay, we know what he brings very. [applause] his new book, which she is here to talk about today, it is called david and goliath and we are battling giants. It is an appropriate venue to be talking about underdogs for many reasons and then rocky, of course. I mean, you know coming figure underdog. In this book, in this book, he challenges conventional notions of obstacles and apparent setbacks including what looks like anniversary. His singular gift is animating the experiences of his subjects, and he has an uncanny ability to simplify without being pretentious. Including the service of pure storytelling and please join me in welcoming malcolm. [applause] [applause] thank you. It is a real pleasure to be with you here today. I think this is my third time and it only gets better. Im on the middle of my book tour. In coming here, the first stop of my book tour was part of this in new york. And then i went to l. A. And thats the new fancy one. And then i did part of this further [inaudible] and i went to washington as well and you could see where i am going with this and you can see why it explains that this is the one that i am free to talk about with nonjewish audiences. [laughter] so, im not quite as talk about my book tonight. Orderlies im not going to tell you a story for my book. Because i figure that most of you what ever the experience of you could buy the book. So i thought i would talk about a story that is related to one of the big themes and one is why you underdogs bite. Why do people who are outgunned and outmanned and overmatched continue to keep on fighting against strong opponents and what kind of resistance is that . And so i thought what i would do is tell a story about someone who i think is part of it is in a very important way. Including an individual who is one of the most important figures in the early 20th of the 20th century. Part of the suffrage amendment. If you look at alice smith and her life, there is little that would suggest in her life or pretend to a life of radicalism. And if we understand, i think that we will get insight into this question as to why People Choose this. So alice smith has three names. Neither she does with and the name and she became famous with. And alices adventures one of pictures that i of a businessman and her family live in your city. She was from a very young age a piece of work. And shes domineering. And she was bossy and bad tempered and egomaniacal. She was a handful she picked fights. Even from the youngest age she was an individual with a face and she resemble the pekingese dog, but i like to say that she looked a lot more like petco. [applause] you know, she had a sense of this. One of these and domino the people who walks into a room and takes it over. And so so there she is, shes in new york, very young age. And she decides the only way that she is going to make her mark on the world as if she has access to some kind of money. And so she doesnt have anything herself and she settles on willie vanderbilt, who was a charming handsome playboy. And she bears him and she sets out on a course to become the greatest in the history of consumption. If youve lived through the last 15 years, you realize what are compos mentis per the first thing she does is buy this island and she instructs the architects to build or something and shingles. And she buys this and build a french style chateau. And this is a couple of hundred Million Dollars in todays money. So to give you an idea what this is like him i will read to you an account of one of the many books that have been written about in the process. All of which are exercises so here we go. Here is the description of her house. Everything was everywhere. Stamped leather, wallace, red velvet embroidered enriched with cut crystal and precious stones. And mother of pearl and brass. Polished ebony and made with satin wood and grecian elizabethan renaissance french and victorian touches. And bursting with bronze stained glass and mosaics. And she decides she wants the biggest yacht of alltime, 200 and 50. Would she christens the elbow. And then she decides she wants a country cottage in newport, rhode island. Except to say that it required structure and big enough to handle the 500,000 cubic feet of italian marble that she was importing and now she has the country has this been the attention turns to her daughter as well. This painfully shy girl has been raised in the strictest of fashion by her mother and she was required to speak only french and she must recite a poem in german from memory just to wear a corset at all times, you know, one of those steel rods in the back. She would be ridiculed and corrected if she made the slightest misstep. And as consuelo enters her lessons, she gets the idea of what she wants to do. One she wants to do. Merry off to some english aristocrat. And in this time of american life, it was the fashion to be married off to the sons of english aristocrats. And it was called casher class and consuelo typically decides that she only wants the very best for her daughter and her eye falls upon Charles Spencer churchill, otherwise known as sunny. And the first cousin of Winston Churchill and one of the largest private homes in the world. He made it look like some kind of ranchstyle bungalow. And they discover that they fell down and then they realize that there is my opportunity. And the first is that sunny is not funny but perfectly miserable and i will give you some sense that his second wife used to sleep with a revolver by her pillow in case her husband should come to her in the middle of the night. And the second problem is consuelo is madly in love with someone else, a individual that is a silent of a fabulous new york family, and a great athlete and a fabulous dancer and on his 18th birthday she gets a single rose, with no note attached. She knows that it is from him. Not long after that she was her bicycle ride and her mother comes along and as they approach a corner they look at each other and they speed ahead. He proposes to her and she says, absolutely. And of course she realizes something is up and tries to catch up and she catches that. And she looks at her daughter and she realizes what has happened. The she whisked her daughter away to paris the next day. Letter after letter in each of those is intercepted and tickets on about and her parents meet her and she bars the door and then alba takes consuelo to the cottage in newport and locks her up like proconsul and when she comes, once again he cant get there and finally comes willis had enough. She marches up the staircase to her mothers bedroom replete with cherubs holding shields emblazoned with the letters. [laughter] and she turns to her mother and says you cannot do this. Im in love with this man and i have a right to marry the man that is. And her mother turns to her in a cold agent says absolutely not. Do you know what that means. And Consuelo Simas and does not say a word and looks at her mother is a kind of defiance at that point out that turns into a complete rage because no one ever defies her. She starts to scream. With every name under the sun and she stands there and takes it into realized. And theres no way she can defy her mother and she has to give up on this man she loves. So on november 6 of 1895, they see the grandest wedding in its history. The daughter of one of the richest men in the country marries one of the grandest aristocrats and all of england on Saint Thomas Church on pico editor. And she hires 80 decorators just work on this and she marches up the aisle with her two young sons wearing this extraordinary blue satin dress with russian sable and this includes every reporter in the country and the crowds are held back in the streets are lined with these grand carriages and this includes proudly awaiting actuates the first five minutes and then to minutes and then 15 minutes and then consuelo doesnt show up. Why not . Because she is at home sleeping inconsolably into the arms of her father. She poses up together at all of them are in attendance and they cleaned her up and she gets in a carriage and she goes to the church and the minister pronounces them man and wife. And they risk them behind sanctuary and a prenup is signed and she gets a Million Dollars upfront and a guarantee of a hundred thousand dollars for life. And gets into the carriage with a bride and they drive down fifth avenue and she turns to consuelo and says i dont love you and i will never love you. The your responsibility is to fix of the castle and standing on the steps of the churchs alba. There she is. A tear comes to her i and she watches this down fifth avenue. The greatest moment of her life. A little girl from mobile, alabama. The mother of a duchess. It is her fulfillment of author james. Board so she thinks because things are about to get a little comforted. And i said earlier. I think there is an unlikely radical and i think you can see why. Its not typically the case the very wealthy people with lots of homes in fancy clothes would turn into radicals and its like one of the sisters of the Kardashian Family joining this movement. But its a little unlikely, i think, we would all agree upon him. That. So how do we account for this. What happened to cause this transformation. Well, i think the best way to answer is to take a step back and especially to think about in general the question that it is that People Choose to rebel against authority in the play, you know, theres a number of answers to that. One of the leading theories has been a simply untraceable and the People Choose to break the law or vote against authority or disobey. And the cost of disobedience and we weigh in our minds whether it is worth it or not and if it makes more sense we fight back. This is the deterrence theory. It makes common sense. It is a famous example and in 1970, the Police Montreal went on strike for 19 hours and then they descended into this because the costs of disobedience were zero. People started with gun battles in the street. This is canada were talking about. I didnt even know people had guns. Is late the problem is there are kinds of cases where the theory doesnt explain our behavior. So a simple one would be to look at whether the decision people pay their taxes or not. That is the most common example of lawabiding behavior that anyone has to go through. And there are huge differences from one country to the next and how honest people are on tax day. If you go to greece. If you go to italy. The cheating on tax days is rampant, the size of the economy is enormous. But if you come to a country like this, its not cheating on taxes, this is probably as americans we are honest, probably more than anyone else. But the question is if this theory works, that would suggest the penalty is for cheating on taxes must be greater. They must be graded in turn greater here. The cost of breaking the law must be greater. In this country. And if we are so well behaved on tax day. Was not the case. But the penalties are lower here than anyone else. So we really dont have penalties. I mean, the irs come if you dont pay her taxes and they find out, theyre basically going to tell you to pay them. Even with a small penalty. The audit rates in this country are a fraction what they are and if you cheat on your taxes you probably wont get caught. I dont mean for any of you take it to heart. But the facts show that this is not to does not ally with the deterrence. It doesnt make any sense and heres another example, which if it really works, then countries or jurisdictions are dramatically increasing the penalties for breaking the law and they must and should see a decline in crime. Okay. So okay, but for the best examples. A california. Twenty years ago, it california enacted the severity of criminal penalties that we have seen almost anywhere in the western world over last 100 years. Three strikes. The three strikes law. An unbelievable amount of severity. To so what happens when that would happen after that . At the deterrence theory is correct, it should plunge in california after the law was passed. Well, today . Now, but it also pledged the same time another other state, even those that didnt change laws at all. And as we have looked closer and closer at the california experience what we have discovered is that no one really can figure out what happened in california. Some people say that crime went down a little bit and others say that nothing happened. Other people say that actually crime is higher today than it wouldve been if they had not passed that in california. But once again, the legitimacy theory doesnt seem to explain why people do or do not behave and obey the law. So in response to these problems, but people come forward and said, the real issue is not as come up its not the cost of benefits. Its really how the laws are enacted and a group of scholars have said that what really matters is whether people perceive the laws that govern them to legitimate. By legitimately mean three things. One is that people will obey the law when they feel like they are treated with respect. And they feel that they speak up, they will be heard. We have a right to speak out. And will someone listen to this. People will perceive this one a feeling of terror. Is there one law for me and mama for you or are we being treated the same. They also will, when seen as legitimate, when it feels as though its consistent and, you know, so with this in mind, think back to why americans pay their taxes. Not because there are huge numbers associated but because the american system is legitimate. The truth is if you stand up and complain about your taxes, will you be heard . Of course, there is an entire party in the american political system devoted to people grumbling about their taxes. Is the tax system fair . Its not perfect, but its pretty fair. There isnt a whole separate set of rules buster was your hedge fund person. But you know, this includes a fraction of the unfairness and those are system becomes consistent. Yes, it is. We dont make changes willynilly one year from the next. We make it in our tax code after a a lot of discussion. We know its happening. This is not a strange unknowable system and compare this to greece. They fail on all three counts. You cant speak up and not system. Totally corrupt, people are cutting special deals. And if our system look like greece, we would not pay her taxes either. Completely illegitimate. So i didnt three strikes have this effect in california . Because maybe if you walk up everywhere in sight, which is what california did, people found those communities thinking as illegitimate. Lets not forget california was a prison population doubled. They ended up with this on a per capita basis, sometimes many people as canada or western europe and that is an astonishing number. Do you think the people in those communities that sought a cohort of people shipped off to prison in the space of five years, do you think that they perceived the system as legitimate . Do you think that they thought that there was governing why america is a community . And here comes consistent, trustworthy, as opposed to arbitrary . Of course not. So what happens . This is is where people perceive the system