Doctrine, there are various large bodies of thoughts of intellectual, military and political talks going around in russia for 10 years and some of those both have the same theme and sometimes they run into each other, sometimes they dont. For those of you here in the audience who have dealt with russia for many years you know that for a fullfledged doctrine that more or less encompassesthe whole society and the whole state , you need to be pretty organized and the russians are not that organized in that regard. Theres a lot of stuff going on and Different Actors feeling their different interests and interagency competitions and put on top of that corruption so nevertheless, lets talk about what we understand on this. , some people have described it as pointed out as new generation warfare, others terminate as strategic deterrence, others determine it as cross coercion, but all those approaches have in common is that you rely on asymmetric response. So its basically a very cheap insight to say that everyone has vulnerabilities so the United States as the military most powerful nation in the world of course also has vulnerabilities and so if this kind of doctrine is trying to exploit that along certain lines. And i think we should not fall, and i mean we in the west, nato, the us, we should not fall into the trap of describing russia as this strategic superman who can act on all fronts and who can tip our elections and who can intermingle their and who can destabilize whole societies and at the same time they have all these military capabilities. The russians are trying to exploit weaknesses wherever they are possible and if its not working, or instance like in the french elections, they go on and go somewhere else. So i would say yes, this is where. One of the responses to this doctrine is in the realm of resilience. Not so much in the realm of deterrence because again when it comes to asymmetric threats, how do you want to apply deterrence in the conventional or nuclear context. To someone who whose threading is information in your country, thats not possible. So make your societies more resilient and i think that applies not only to those countries that are being targeted by russians on propaganda on the 24 seven level like the baltics but it applies to all of society, why work they so vulnerable to the russians interfering in the election. Was it because the russians were so good, no, i think it has domestic routes in the United States so lets talk about that. Quickly, i think its very important to not buy into russian behavior what we want it to be so i would encourage you to go back and look at their own writing and maybe treat that in the military journal because what you see is theres a lot of perplexity about them thinking that the westthinks russian doctrine is hybrid so theres a lot of mirror imaging going on. Kathy. Im Kathy Crandall robinson with limited International Security. Im curious to know. What is the grassroots concern about Nuclear Weapons in russia. Its, does it matter and are there things we should be doing to reach out to the whole society about Nuclear Weapon issues at this time. Sounds like its for you. Really briefly, russia is going through a Nuclear Modernization. They are going through a period where theres this perception that the west is hostile in some ways, despite the fact that people very much appreciate western culture and im pretty sure russia has had all these out the cards so i think when a country goes through Nuclear Modernization and you see that with Nuclear Newcomer countries, theyre all excited about nuclear technology. But i think theyre also sort of very limited engaging with susceptible society so i doubt that you will find those aspects to that. But the one caveat to that is that where you do find some activity is with regard to the downsides of the Nuclear Energy program, the environmental implications that has upon certain bodies of water and other parts of russia. There you have an environmental unit that aspect of it but i would say thats only part of the thing. Honestly i dont want to pretend im an expert on russian civil society. Any civil side yes. So the polls are very clear, i think most germans think a Nuclear Weapons ban treaty would be a good idea. 85 percent, that was a poll from la 2015, 85 percent of them think that it would be a good thing to withdraw the us 61 from german soil. Which basically means announcing it as a deterrent. At the same time we have seen a very surprising debate within germany, a couple of months back germany perhaps was acquiring its own Nuclear Deterrent or at least getting together with the french for socalled euro deterrent and this is i mean, first of all that would run into sort of a massive german problem. I think every politician that hears this view would risk the end of his career but at the same time, we see a lot of pressure from other countries including the United States and not just on germany on europe and i dont want to exclude that a future stronger german French Security bond which had to develop not only for the sake of those two countries but for the sake of europe would at some point again seriously pursue that way. I would add to that it would be very interesting to see what that would mean for the russian debate. Other questions. Lets go first racial in the corner and then darrell. I already. Can i ask you to explain a little bit about what you think, the domino effect of failures to resolve the ins violations and how that would probably throw over to the senate deciding to not renew new start should President Trump think that. And what that would mean in terms of doing away with predictability, transparency and the cuban missile crisis level tension. [inaudible] thank you both. Already and tonya, i have a question about the us and russian president. From germanys perspective or on you, maybe if you could use the kremlin for a moment. What do you think the german governments want to see happen or not happen in reasons the President Trump and anya if you can, i know its a tough question in some ways but try anyway. What do you think the russians will be looking for especially with respect to the strategic relationship . And im sure im not asking about collusion with russia in the election but the traditional relationship between the two. Its limited to the realm of arms control. Taken as you will. Cause broader arms control may not be a concern of the europeans at this point especially given their reaffirmation of article 5. What three things with a light to the. To answer my question she ran overtime. How do these questions. And that anything including comments you might make as well. You want to start in response to rachels question . Rachel, inf basically what could happen are two domino effects. The one would very much pertain to the european theater. The other one would pertain to the bilateral us Russian Strategic stability so the first we know the facts, lets start with a worstcase scenario. The russians, they just continue to entrench them and they all, were not doing anything wrong here, i was fine whatever and the us asserts that it decides that they look and say weve got to get out of inf and we have to counter that. [bleep] for tat. We also need at least youll capable inf missiles in europe. Or maybe just go full in and say nuclear tipped inf missiles in europe. There are a lot of people in washington aware of the fact that that would be highly destabilizing. Not just in the general sense viscvis russia but what i wanted to find out also, the Alliance Unity in nato so a lot of sensible people like seve steve by or my colleague john wilkes have put forward some proposal for instance saying that we could station us longrange bombers in Great Britain equipped with air launchedcruise missiles, conventional. We could play the naval card, put more us ships throughthe european theater. Other assets say look, we should concentrate on point defense. An important military installations, that is the concern that nato has with regard to the baltic and escalation from the russians so i think there are some opportunities but as you can here already from my response , those are all, those are all military options. And as much as i like for instance, i can recommend the article my friend beck just wrote, this went forward in the related armscontrol issues. We would like to see those Arms Control Solutions but i have a feeling that that train has already left the station in that regard so lets work for damage limitation before we go too far. Let me know and respect to the bilateral, i think it could be that trunk decides well, its not a bad deal so lets just extend it for the next five years. He could do that. Even against the background of the ins violations but nevertheless, we would just face five years later. Or he decided against that and then you know, the strategic arms control mechanisms that we have in place will just wither away. And then that will throw a state that we had last seen in the very early 1970s and before the 1960s and you mentioned the cuban missile crisis, no one wants to go back to those so i think we have to really work hard on preserving inf. One more question in the interest of time, whittle it down to three things. All right. That was fun as the prudent trump meeting, at the sidelines of the g 20. Germany would like to see trump reaffirming article 5. X. Very briefly in the interest of time, let me ask the second question first and i like a brief point on the first question. X so in terms of the russian in the interest of sanctions, probably number one how feasible that is. And i think in terms of the broaderissues , stability baggage we also know that its a defense comparable strike and we know that it would be good to have some sort of transparency into how that process will proceed. I think those are the three things that the russians need stability on. Very briefly on the crisis question, i think you talked about the cuban missile crisis rachel ryan cuban missile crisis, dont get your crises confused because its important in the russian debate, the russians think they are back in the euro missile crisis. They do. They already know that epa launchers are half technical capability, they think this is vastly part of the discussion but if you read some of the things that bacchus is written for domestic consumption, theres a lot of concern there will be a armscontrol class that will be different so lets start with inf, and also cdt and it would go to the mvp so i think the russians you the class much more dramatic and much more potentially. [laughter] i want to thank both of our talented panelists for an excellent set of remarks and thoughtful responses to your question. We are going to transition very quickly to our final keynote speaker and im going to turn it over to zero. [applause]. Click you very much kingston, on you for a great discussion. And as they department me begin the introduction of our next and final keynote speaker for the day. Whos going to provide another perspective on the challenges posed by nuclear and other mass casualty weapons. We are honored to have witnessed the new un undersecretary general and high representative , secretarygeneral of affairs not to meet so. She comes tothis position with many years of experience at un headquarters. And the skill that headquarters, one refugee issues, un reform, development, peace speaking. She also before that was the professor of International Relationships at the local body, i think im saying that right, the university in tokyo. Theres not going to be a suit likethis , she has a job. Case, secretarygeneral and un member state and the office list of questions of how to Work Together to reduce Nuclear Dangers and how to enforce forces that prohibit other weapons of mass destruction. In particular right now the difficult. In the first few weeks, its very active monitoring the recent secretary for the 20 20 nonproliferation treaty, with writing negotiations on the new Nuclear Weapons prohibition treaty. And shes working a build support for un and the organization for the provision of weapons investigation into the recent and terrible seven gas attack in north korea so matter representative, thank you for joining us here from new york to be with us and to have joined us for our previous sessions today. Were honored to have you and we look forward to your perspective, thank you. Thank you very much. I wanted to start off by saying how nice it is for me to be back in washington dc. Share a secret, i am very much a proponent of washington dc. Is where i learned basically International Politics at georgetown and i felt very comfortable here in this town. This is also where i learned the importance, the value of equality, open and honest discussions like the one that we are having today. Without such discussions i would say the World Community is not going to be challenges when we have today. So you and your colleagues at the Barnes Association have already been very generous, very kind and helping me come to grips with some of the if you will more arcane elements of my portfolio. Ive been on the post exactly for one month now and those include introducing me to many of you here in this room. I am obviously very humbled to such a prominent and Eminent Group of people and id like to emphasize how much im looking forward to working very closely with all of you in the years to come, especially in this area challenging environment. So we have heard much already today and i already learned a lot about the serious armscontrol related challenges facing the community. These are not only some of the most important positions to the government in nonproliferation but i should say they are in Fact International security more broadly. But this is where i wanted to start off area the fragile and increasingly volatile International Security environment and these are obviously the result of tensions emergent of state actors with global regional and resurgence if you will of some of the historical and animosity so the environment is further undermined by challenges and provocative dvr k, in terms of the repeated use of missile and nuclear tests. Use of chemical weapons in the middle east and apparent perhaps backwards into cold war positions including some of the warring rhetoric we hear about the proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. It is often argued in this kind of environment that the government and armscontrol must it sell be changed until the climate improves and they are having humanitarian diplomacy to try and offset the hardline of politics so of course its enormously important including those in humanitarian law but i think this fails to take into account the historic role of arms control and nonproliferation in the maintenance of International Peace and security. As the armscontrol has endeavored to demonstrate, this is always been a critical component in preventing and resolving conflicts including during the tensions of the war. We saw that its integral to any position in this conflict. Disarmament, arms control and nonproliferation provide a mechanism for transparency and to build trust. A present useful dialogue and seek to find Common Ground, very important. In this way disarmament and arms control nonproliferation is instrumental to security for all of us. In todays complex environments, there is something i think we will do well to remember. And if i may add, the community benefited from an important leadership role the United States of america demonstrated in this area. A critical moment in the past. We all hope it will continue this way. The un has publicly a long history in disarmament armscontrol and nonproliferation. Here is one of the pillars on which it rests. The first General Assembly resolution that calls for the elimination of Nuclear Weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction, and the bylaws of mechanical weapons, the Nuclear Nonproliferation treaty, the un has been a venue for dialogue and for successful knowledge and if you will, and honest rotor. Multinational disarmament and nonproliferation is a web of interlocking agreements and instruments. The wellfunctioning of each matters greatly through the overall credit credibility of the International Disarmament and nonproliferation regime. Each of these instruments is a brick in the wall of our collective security. Allow one to crumble and it will damage the entire operation. In this relation. We are witnessing some warring trends. Take for example the organization of chemical weapons factfinding missions in the republic and the un obviously doesnt jointly do this mechanism, both have been a objective independent and technical professionalism. Of the many allegations dislodging the use of chemical weapons, the technical experts and its fsm have been able to independently confirm 30 such instances. The gym has been able to identify three instances of chemicals and weapons by the government of syria, one instance both of chemical weapons by the islamic state. This work is crucial in reinforcing the taboo against the use of chemical weapons and bringing justice to perpetrators of the horrific crime against humanity. Is work that must be safeguarded and vocally supported. It should not be held hostage to any political motivation. And this conflict. Environment we must be able to rely on the advice of scientific and technical professionals and this is in fact a critical part of the overall credibility of the government regime. That we have built over many years. As an important example of warring trends. Part of the multinational regime near two decades stalemate inthe conference on disarmament , stands for precariousness of the important disarmament instruments and perhaps more worryingly, the erosion of consensus of the past two World Without Nuclear Weapons or on which our multinational disarmament relies on peace. Against this broader context, let me touch on legalization of the proliferation of Nuclear Weapons or the band treaty. I appreciate the there are different positions on that but the legalizations do reflect the overwhelming interest of the International Community or the 130 countries. In incriminating Nuclear Disarmament. Is a Historic Development as it represents the most significant multinational Nuclear Disarmament mobilization in over 20 years. The brand treaty is also a product of a frustration many states feel the slow pace of Nuclear Disarmament. It is the frustration that has been simmering for years as positions have widened overhow best to achieve the elimination of what Nuclear Weapons. This rhetoric, accusations of armscontrol treaty noncompliance and expensive modernization campaigns combined with an absence on longoverdue measures for the peaceful terracotta treaty and a complete lack of urgency in implementing successive and ptr documents have all fueled this frustration. A world free of Nuclear Weapons is a vision that has been subscribed to by the United States for several decades. It has been also abrogated by some of the most prominent american statesmen and women in order to enhance international and us security. If you support everyones responsibility, however, if we are to find our way back to Common Ground, the Nuclear Weapon states must show the way. Its changed the commitment to the university shared goal has undergone much of the success over the last seven decades. The United States as owners of the two Largest Nuclear arsenals has a special responsibility. Strategic dialogue we heard quite a lot about that today. On further bilateral reductions. Weapons could be a stabilizing factor between the two countries. It would also have positive impact on the Overall International treaty. This is particularly important for the Nuclear Nonproliferation treaty. The npt is the strongest one of the international Nuclear Nonproliferation regimes and an essential foundation for the pursuit of Nuclear Disarmament. It must remain so. It represents near universal Common Ground continues to reinforce our collective security. I am pleased to see the draft band treaty explicitly recognizes these facts and i really hope that this will be maintained through the forthcoming legalization. But if a band treaty is to become a reality, the future health of the npt and of the overall Nuclear Nonproliferation disarmament regime will require urgent steps towards the implementation of article 6 commitments. It is also critical to keep constructive dialogue between those who decided not to be part of negotiations and those who decide to bepart of the negotiations. After the 50th anniversary of the npt entry in 20 20 approaches, each party has the opportunity to find Common Ground on away forward and make the anniversary want to celebrate. Ladies and gentlemen, earlier i mentioned the uns war of the avenue for dialogue, Technical Knowledge and is broken in the fields of disarmament, arms control and nonproliferation. Let me briefly explain how the un is critical to this view. First of all, the un is a forum for united action. The role of the Un Security Council in unanimously condemning and sanctioning these acts the illegal missile and Nuclear Programs of gr today is a prime example. The differences process of course over specific measures but unequivocal condemnation of these brazen acts is a clear signal of the unity in the belief that mass destruction poses a threat to regional and global security. With this in mind, the un should be the venue for efforts to bring about other measures to achieve and maintain a Nuclear Weapons free world as this includes negotiations on the f in ct and bringing the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban treaty into force. First, the un is a useful forum on new issues of critical importance, the enduring concerns related to conventional weapons have been exacerbated by Rapid Advances in technology. New issues have emerged that threaten international stability, and cybersecurity are valuable to humanitys future prosperity, if used for malicious purposes produce Global Programs that require global solutions. Likewise, conversations among all stakeholders are required if we are to grapple with Game Changing dual use Technology Like it printing in ways that minimize risk while not impeding development. My final point remains to the un as an honest broker and custodian to protect safeguard and implement the most fundamental values, and nonproliferation, goes beyond simply reminding ourselves of the norms. We have played a Critical Role as impartial referee on implementation of treaties like chemical weapons conventions, it is a critical one in actually making the world a safer place and a roll that has always enjoyed full support of the United States. Ladies and gentlemen, to conclude, let me go back to where i started. Disarmament reads security. It is not a vague hope or aspiration but must be a concrete contribution to a safer and more secure world as we must remember a core component of the mechanism established with the creation of the United Nations, and it was a course to which we must rededicate all our efforts. The United Nations looks forward to the continuous us leadership and working very closely with all of you towards our shared goal. Thank you very much. [applause] we have ample time for questions from the audience, raise your hand, identify your self and ask your questions. Yes . Larry weiler. I would like to raise a peripheral issue. I appreciate what the un assessed because i spent many years in new york and particularly the nonproliferation treaty, there is now a conference that goes to geneva. The un conference which i think is an eyesore. I am referring to a conference but cannot succeed because as a voting arrangement that prevents dealing with the one subject to deal with. I should have asked this, the new american representative, and coming on board, and exercise this is a snide way to put this, you would use your exercise and influence to have some change made in the system we have air because it is a travesty there is no plausibility because of the rules of moving forward on the cutoff. I know the line is pretty good in geneva. It is a waste of everybodys taxes to send people there. I would like to ask your advice on what to do. Having been to geneva i am going there next weekend will be talking to many of the ambassadors, asking your advice, it would not be easy to change. Some people suggested we need to come out and think in interesting ways forward, there seemed to be no quick fixes, we need to put our Heads Together and what we can do. It is true more than two decades, cannot generally agree on the agenda but they are with dialogue and informal discussions. Do we find that useful . Probably. In my message to the nato conference, a tiny bit of in our view positive development that happened a few months ago, breaking the disarmament commission. I think it was in march. We dont think it is an insignificant achievement. It demonstrated because there are problems in other kind of disarmament instruments. There are extra efforts to demonstrate they are willing to compromise on substantive issues. Maybe there is hope. I would like to hear from you, one of the things we could think about doing because i am a newcomer into this community. Without the fear that the more experts might have. Please help us think through what we might be able to do. Being the new kid in town can be liberating in some ways. One thing i would note, i need one of the mikes. Today is the day of the microphone. All right. Is that better . Being the new kid on the block can be liberating. There have been creative initiatives that have and taken by likeminded governments on important issues over the last couple decades because of the conference on disarmament that has been unable to reach an agenda. One such example was president obamas initiative to host a Nuclear Security summit in 2010. That kind of Initiative Takes a great deal of courage, diplomatic energy, there have to be enough countries interested in that, that might be another option, the negotiation on the prohibition, treaty is another example of states taking the initiative using General Assembly to lunch negotiation, there are creative approaches that might be applied to some of the issues behind the beautiful bars of the cd locked away in that body. Other questions from the floor. We have jonathan brannoff. Thank you, jonathan. Thank you so much for your comments. One thing that commends your background in dealing with human catastrophe, one of the key agendas for the next several decades of the un will be the Sustainable Development goals, addressing what appears to be real human security, addressing poverty, protecting the climate, protecting the ocean, the very lungs of the planet. To a large extent the disarmament nonproliferation armscontrol agenda is sideload from the dynamic that appears to me that the stand off of Nuclear Weapons is an impediment to achieving it. Can you comment on the relationship between the development and disarmament so we can bring the two together, there will be a lot more momentum in the field of arms control, disarmament. Not sure if i would link to the nuclear and weapons issues. We have been working on linkage between disarmament and general, the g 16. 4, there was a farewell reception and i joked, never had to deal with issues, they were 16. 4, so we have a work plan, a strategy to make progress in fat. Hiroshima and nagasaki, not a Single Person has died from Nuclear Weapons but there have been lots of casualties. They were conventional weapons disarmament, and we actually advertise if we put our Heads Together and Work Together, and make progress and achieve wonderful things. A positive message, it can be linked to the agenda 2020. Referred to as human security. Other questions here . The Arms Control Association. I was going to ask the question that was framed well. And to ask a question of how you might push the disarmament i very much agree having worked at the un, it is a very sideload in some ways it is. Can we think of it the other way around. The humanitarian consequences drove the nuclear ban treaty, very outside the box human side. If you have experience to bring to that, in the process of what you talked about. Chemical weapons. I see that country is a Sticking Point for people who criticize the Security Council for not being able to undertake, people criticized the un and making it possible for russia to potentially cooperate. If you have been thinking on that, the idea of refugees that came out of syria at times could drive countries to think of that. Other outside the box thinking. The more immediate acute priority agenda at the moment, and was we have been emphasizing already is this is actually about syria, not just about syria, if this file is politicized and seeing from different provisions with the Security Council syrian conflict, we might in fact start to lose part of an important disarmament regime, there is a reason the International Community of those entities are politicized, we will really the nonproliferation regime worked full well over the years and we want to prevent that. I have been already messaging this with all the relevant parties. I wont share the details, this is a line we must continue together with the head of jim as well. Jim is in independent creation by the Security Council, respecting independence, jim and i fully coordinate the situation very much in the same way. We tried to the preparation regime as it is designed intentionally. It actually goes beyond syria and countries, sufficient number of countries, sufficient number of countries who understand this point, medium to longer term, not just the first question to emphasize that point i made in my remark, integral part of any solution to the political conflict. If you study all peace agreements, i worked in many parts of the world in peacekeeping in particular, there is always some element of disarmament involved in the peace treaty package. So clearly linked in the un, this issue, important priority of coming out of the un system is a priority of the secretarygeneral. He sees the un as the organization that will tackle those problems much more holistically with necessary linkages, i would like to make sure disarmament, more part of those peaceful resolutions. Very good. Ambassador kennedy. I want to ask about biological weapons, you talked about the opc w. What was described the wmd treaty, a disastrous review, despite the efforts of many Common Ground was stymied to a degree largely iran though i was not there. I cannot even agree the schedule of activities which are vitally valued by many government officials, folks around the world, any thoughts about moving this Important Convention forward. When i was going through the initial briefing, this area really scared me. I am a born optimist that the optimism keep it up. I understand the un has always been trying to argue that there will have to be some sort of implementation capacity that is created but we dont have to support the Financial Support but also the Political Support to create such an independent capacity. The convention itself is an old one but perhaps this is something so scary to think about the actual scenario, the International Community is trying to choose, trying to ignore the possibilities. We are doing what we can through implementation support unit housed in geneva. We are trying to create a network of professionals in the event something happens. The network of professionals could be called on to investigate with a short time frame. Creating a capacity, stand by capacity. We would like to be supported much more in some of those endeavors and i will see what we can do in terms of mobilizing political and Financial Support from Member States or state parties. We have run out of time. I just want to express our appreciation for your work and the work of your team and all the people at the United Nations who provide a vehicle to work on these issues. What you described to us is a reminder that the un helps provide tools for discussion, we have got to use them. There needs to be leadership to take advantage of those opportunities. We have 2 resource the un to do its job particularly the technical organizations like the bwc can support, the organization on chemical weapons and Atomic Energy for organization and others, count on you to provide fresh ideas, working with you, civil society, thank you. [applause] i will remain seated here. I want to say a few words in closing of todays annual meeting. It has been a great discussion. I want to thank the panelists and our moderators. I hope everybody found it thoughtprovoking and not depressing because as larry weiler said earlier, one of the true veterans of these issues these are tough issues that require assistance. You can count on us to continue to persistently provide information and ideas to help guide us forward. We appreciate the support. Beyond making our work possible i want to thank those tuning in on cspan and social media. We will have a transcript of todays discussion and talks available next week on our website, armscontrol. Org. If you are not a member of the Arms Control Association and i cant believe anybody wouldnt be, please consider joining or making a donation. Donations and membership begin a 25 level. If you are not sure of your status, you want to renew, you are eligible for a fantastic coffee travel mug if you do it today. I want to welcome once again, mentioned this earlier, the new members to the board of directors. We have a fantastic Group Augmented with tom countries and leland, and i want to thank my fantastic staff team, they work hard, very professional, very dedicated and i want to thank our associates for all she did for this event, very complex arrangement but she tells me it wasnt as difficult as planning her wedding earlier this year. Congratulations and thank you. [applause] Bonnie Jenkins is another new board member who is here with us today. [applause] national piece for hosting us today. We hope to see many of you at 5 00 for our informal reception. In conjunction with foreignpolicy at the 18th street lounge. Thanks for our panelists and thank you for your support to the Arms Control Association. We are adjourned. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]. [inaudible discussion] the house and senate are back next week after a weeklong memorial day recess, republican senator tim scott tweeting what he has been up. Fun to see the ladies from the Primary School in charleston. And Diane Feinstein sending this message im im so the so proud of ananya vinay. Spelling bee return. And. The house returns a day later on tuesday. The next bill on the agenda in the house is repeal of doddfrank. This weekend, cspan2s cities tour along with the help of off comcast sponsors explores eugene, oregon. An inside look at the life and writings of one flew over the cuckoo nest ken kesey. We travel to the university of oregons library to see letters showing how he researched and approached approached the writing of the book. The public was parked. A psychiatrist read the book and sent ken a fan letter, and there ensued some correspondence between them about mental institutions, psychiatry. And hear become former u. S. Senator from oregon, wayne morris, characterized at fiercely independent, serving from 1945 to 1969, starting as a republican before leaving the party to become an independent 1952 and later join thing democraci caucus. So well known for his integrate and his standing up for principles, particularly his very long and vocal dissent against the vietnam war. Wam the cities tour of eugene, oregon. And sunday at 2 00 p. M. On American History tv on cspan3. Former nebraska director james comey set to testify thursday before the Senate Intelligence committee, investigating russian activities during the last years election. Director comey with testify in an open session, followed by a closed session. You can find it at cspan. Org and listen live on the cspan radio app. The National Constitution center in philadelphia held its third annual freedom day celebration, examining the relationship between the constitution and freedom. This event launches a commission looking at how founding father, James Madison would very the current congress, presidency, courts and the media. [inaudible discussion] ladies and gentlemen, welcome back to freedom day we have yes, a round of applause for the next phase of
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