Over time harry told me. For four years we talked over lunch when we come to japan from his home in california. And finally one day i turned to him and said harry, this is an important story on so many levels. It is an important story for your family. For your generation, for the japaneseamerican community, for usjapan relations. And i dont know if im the right person but if you would consider having a book written i would be happy to try. Only kentucky find someone. But i think you should seriously consider leaving a written record. And by this point i thought that i could document it and he turned to me and he arranged for me to meet his brothers the next day. His brothers who had been conscripted into the Japanese Imperial army. Harry became one of the first japaneseamerican colonels in the us army. He became distinguished member of the military intelligence hall of fame. The 500 military intelligence brigade which is the Pacific Vanguard for intelligence is located in hawaii on awahu. They have a prolific the they named this every young manhood been interned and given such valuable service to his country. All of that would be coming over time so we talked for many years and when harry was back in california where he was retired, by his brother frank, his baby brother who had been inducted into the Japanese Army had been based they are waiting for the americans and trained in a suicide squad. Became a partner in crime. We traveled all over through japan and hiroshima. Sometimes i went alone also. And we interviewed people as i wrestled with how to tell this story, and an accurate and authentic fashion, i decided that it had to be narrative nonfiction. I did not want to be conventional history. And i wanted to tell both sides. So it is very much a family story. In a dual narrative in which i go back and forth from the American Perspective through harry, wherever he was at the time. Whether he was stateside or in the southwest pacific. And i alternate and with his brother and mother and his sister who is also interned at the river with her daughter and ultimately went to chicago and beyond. It has been an enormous journey for me. I started working on it really religiously late 1998, it was published in january 2016 by harpercollins. You have a sense of how long some of that is because of the sheer amount of research that was involved on both sides. Some of that is because i was learning how to write narrative nonfiction. Time to go from an academic background and some of that is because i couldnt convince publishers that this was an american story. People thought that it was a minority. Japaneseamerican story. But to me it is the american immigrant experience and it is timeless. And now it is very much a cautionary tale. After 9 11 that it could happen again. And never more so than now. Thank you very much. [applause] thank you pam. I would like to add a sentence to her both. Harry fukuhara, who appears in a passing sense in my book. Was one of 6000 japanese americans in the military intelligence service. They are the most dangerous jobs in the war. Basically to flush Japanese Imperial soldiers out of caves in okinawa and iwo jima. And the important part about the United States never acknowledged those 6000 men existed. Many of home were killed by friendly fire. Right. We will have time to discuss that more. I want to move on to richard now. The other richard. Richard cahan who has a magnificent book of photographs that have never been before in one place. Richard is an author of 12 books. He served the ahe founded and directed the senate 2000, documentation of all events of the year 2000 in chicago. For this book, is a beautiful book. It is called unamerican. He and his coauthor Michael Williams have 7000 photographs in the archives. This images in context. And amazingly they found many of the youngest subjects and collected oral histories from them and got names for many of the people. It is a remarkable book. And im going to turn it over to richard. Thank you susan. Im supposed to show a slideshow here. So if you like my pants are down. I dont have my slides. But the reality is i am really a writer. I have always hope that slideshow wouldnt work so i could talk for 10 minutes. I dont believe you. This will be really fun. It is a pleasure to be here. This is a beautiful place. I am an amazed at 130,000 people that come to the festival. I did not know we had 130,000 people that read books. [laughter] cell is a wonderful experience. I am glad im in this profession. How to tell a story . So many ways. Words, videos, pictures i wrote this book in the exact opposite reason that people usually write books. If you have ever thought about writing books people will always say write about the things you know. I wrote this book because i did not know much about this. I live in chicago. I think when youre in california the less you know about this story. Like most people in high school we talked about world war ii and we talked about the battles. And the issue of the incarceration of japanese americans never came up. I mentioned the word incarceration and i want to tell you why. The book is unamerican incarceration of japanese americans in world war ii. And i was told by many people who i found were in these photographs that internment is the wrong word to use. Why we us citizens cannot be interned. 70,000 110,000 japanese americans were picked up and sent to camps for us citizens. So that word is a lie. It is not telling the truth. Well talk about how history belongs to a people who are victorious. But i found out that the language is the same way. The book actually, even though it is a picture book it starts out by talking about words. We have heard the words assembly camp. These were the temporary camps that were created to bring japanese americans to permanent camps. About the Word Assembly center. Doesnt it sound like a Parade Ground . Doesnt sound like a good time . Lets go up to the Assembly Center so we can get picked up. So i did not use that word. Obviously the word even evacuation. Doesnt it have a way of saying i thank you for taking us away . I did not use that word. And another word used over the years is thank you, government for taking us away. The other word that is used most over the years is relocation. Think about that. Who do you know that has relocated . Usually they get a new job and they are relocating on their own. It was very hard not to use the word determined in the title. As you know keywords are very important today and people look at my book and they put in the word internment they dont find it. One of the women pictured in the story said to me why start your book with a lyme . Thats where we went. I am called the photo historian. Its a term that i never knew existed. If my College Teachers knew the word historian was used after my name they would have sleepless nights. I am a journalist and i tell stories through pictures and what i try to do is i try to understand the context of the pictures. This project started in 2015. I was at the National Archives in college park maryland. You have probably heard of this. Its the grand canyon of the lines. Most government records, photos in the interNational Archives. I was there in 2015 and i said what collection of pictures should we all see . What is kind of ignored . They brought out a box of 15,000 pictures. I frankly think they brought out 7000. They told the whole story. So, the government hired photographers. I know what you are thinking. Why would the government hire photographers to document it . Theres no document that tells us this but i believe i understand the story. Dorothea lange who i think you are all familiar with the photographer who took the famous photograph, she had been working for the government in the 1930s and she was convinced it was important that this process is documented because she started work before this war relocation authority. People that had overseen the internment was established. She started by showing what japanese, the life of japanese americans were like before. I wish i could show you some pictures. You have to buy the book. 39. 95. Dorothea lange had a unique ability to think about the migrant picture. People were attracted to her almost like moths attracted to lights. I did chance to talk to her great grand god daughter. I said will so special about her . She had polio. She walked with a limp. She cared about people. She was sympathetic. She wanted to know people story and she wanted to take their photographs. I think the sweetest part of the book was the picture of Dorothea Lange before the pickups began. She also documented the pickups and another photographer did too. Prathea lang lasted three months on the job. She became, she had apoplexy. One day she literally had to nervous break down. It was the day before she took this photo, the day of this photograph. She couldnt stand it anymore. The government soon realized she was not the woman that they should have hired because she was so empathetic. She was showing what really happened. Six photographers were hired by the government and then theres another photographer that was very involved. You are all wondering. Ansell adams the director of mans omar, they were both Sierra Club Members and he said and so when i get come and photograph the people there. Ansell adams, this was a year after the whole process had started. I shall pictures. They are so beautiful. Do you see this everyone . He took heroic, beautiful portraits of japanese americans who were in the camp. He arranged for the museum of metropolitan arts in 1944 because the war was over to show these pictures. When they realized what it was all about to put the exhibits in basements with the idea of showing these close enemies as real people as to rope people they were very worried about it. Ansell adams later said this was the most important work of his life. There are many people now who believe that because he showed this how do i say it, sunnyside of life in the camps of the pictures are very suspect. Ansell adams later wrote that he wanted to find it obeys in the camp but at this time peoples lives had adjusted quite a bit. What made this book so special to me was this remarkable opportunity to find the people who were in the photographs. There is our 170 photographs of the book and 30 of them are individual people or small groups of people. Dorothea lange and the other photographers generally didnt write their names down but we had a chance to use camp documents to figure out who 25 of these 30 people were. They were wearing tags and one guy knew the tag number. I was in great shape family i co a Family Member who was still alive and that Family Member would lead me to the person in the picture. The first picture is of a little girl, holding her oneyearold baby sister and i called the first person i called, remember the day dorothy laying came to take your picture, 75 years later, this wasnt in her memory. I remember the day well. She told me the entire story of what happened, my oneyearold baby sister couldnt find her shoes and her father, was quite upset, hidden want to look like hillbillies. Looked at the picture and the oneyearold had no shoes on. Tracking these picture down was the highlight of my life, you shouldnt call people during the california primary season because they will pick up the phone. Generally i left messages on their machines and when i called them back, dorothy laying took one picture of a woman named rachel. I think she is the migrant mother, can you see her . She is 11 years old. Dorothy laying got her name wrong but i found out who she was. I called her up, she hung up the phone. I went to visit her near Golden Gate Park and i asked if she remembered the picture, she had no memory of the picture at all. She looked at the picture and said i was quite presentable then. Thank you, thank you. [applause] so much to talk about and i wonder, lets just start, open up for questions or do you have anything to say to each other before we do that . I must say all three of you, i feel honored to be part of it. Adams was incredibly famous and did this book and it didnt sell but what really frustrated him was the pride of the people, people who did not want to be seen with their children without fit and made him crazy because they would get dressed up and sit as a family and the government called it, and could not get laying, who is better at getting at what is happening which adams codified criticized. He could make a rocket fly. I would love to open it up and hear what people have to ask. Thank you. Saying thank you with tears. I am going to repeat the question. Go to the microphone. Please go to the microphone, line up, you mentioned the military zones in california and much of the west coast. I dont know how many people here know that 100 miles within the us border is where the Border Patrol can offer with impunity and that covers two thirds of the population. How would you have carried those situations with the Border Patrol and the military zone . s the word is hysteria. Is hysteria. We have again and again in hard times tried to find scapegoats, people to blame. Whether it was jews in new york or irish need not apply, black people, all those people were treated as the other, and we didnt accept until they were us. Yes. Next question . During your presentation we had the amazing opportunity to sit next to a woman who spent part of her youth in one of those camps. Take a moment to recognize anyone in the audience who might have a direct connection. A wonderful suggestion. Please stand. If you were part of this. Yes. Yes. Could you allow that gentleman to come to the front, could you come to the front, yes, please. You were going to Say Something to the microphone . That is all right, go ahead. You probably experienced this but my parents were in the camp and you probably experienced my parents never talked about their experience in camp. I didnt even know about it until high school. The thing i found out is there was a lot of you probably experienced it when they went to the camp, they were broken. My grandfather owns property and everything and was proud and so in camp he got drunk shortly thereafter. Anyway, i could go on and on. Thank you for standing up. One of the reasons i wrote this book is because harry did decide in his mid70s that he wanted to talk about what happens, he moved on with his life during his life and much like Holocaust Survivors who i interviewed at length for my work and at the end of his life was ready to come to terms with it and one point the conservative is so few people had talked about it and he hoped by his talking about it would open a conversation. Unfortunately he died before this book was published. He knew it was coming, he was about to see the cover when it passed away but he would be hard and because i have received hundreds of letters from people with Family Members who have been interned in canada and the United States who have written me and said you have told my family story. Not just divided across continents but families holy in the United States and interned as well. It is amazing. It has become a conversation opportunity to talk to Family Members and start to probe the most intimate aspects of their life. Most of the attorneys incarcerated never told anybody about that life unless they met another member and particularly didnt tell the family says men who had been in combat tell their families what they saw. What triggered it . The thirdgeneration sent saw on television in the 60s, asking where were you during the war, and now japanese americans are very active in many ways on this particularly in joining with muslim organizations. I just want to say one thing. Harry, who is the protagonist of the story, who lived in the us and japan and is the person who holds it all together, his daughter pam is here today. Pam, could you stand . There you are. [applause] please go ahead. My question has to do with the site of the incarceration. This fall, the japanese Cultural Museum in honolulu, had a display of the Incarceration Centers and i understood i was looking at territory in hawaii that had been used as an Incarceration Center so i was confused when Richard Reeves said no japanese american to the territory of hawaii were incarcerated because i understood president obama had before his leaving office designated these as Historic Sites on oahu and perhaps the big island as well because people were removed from the towns of the big island to these Incarceration Centers. I wanted to straighten that out. They were mostly in the first wave, the fbi wave of people being rounded up and community leaders, teachers, doctors and businessmen, large farmers, there were hawaiians but very few. Ironically they were interned alongside italian and german pows as well. Just as the National ParkService Monument is not open to the public the Japanese Cultural Center of hawaii has that exhibition up now. It takes some time to uncover the story and there are teams working on it. There is more history to be told. I am a journalist in arizona and the opportunity to interview a gentleman who was interned as a child, something that surprised me in my interview with him was his attitude about being incarcerated. He wasnt so much angry about it, he almost felt like being interned at the camp protected him and his family from a very angry public. I was wondering if you in your own research have come across the japanese individuals with similar mindset that this was something that almost protected them in a way. In a way we made it seem a little more pleasant than it was. There was some publicity about it, as if they were summer camps but they werent summer camps. First thing the japanese american noticed, they cam