Time is not a luxury for state and local law enforcement. Crime victims or communities cant afford it. Our laws require speedy trials. Criminals have to be held accountable, but victims are as we speak and we know in this audience asking for justice. Rep. Goodlatte thank you, mr. Vance. We will now proceed with questioning of the witnesses under the five minute rule. I will begin by recognizing myself. Director komi created a dichotomy between this being a Technology Problem or a Business Model problem and said that apple was addressing this as a Business Model problem. Is that a fair contrast or is this Something Else . Mr. Sewell it is by no means a fair contrast, mr. Chairman. Ive heard this phrase before. In sanbeen raised bernardino and every time i hear this, my blood boils. This is not a marketing issue. That is a way of demeaning the other side of the argument. We dont put up billboards that market our security. We are doing this because we think protecting the security and the privacy of hundreds of millions of iphone users is the right thing to do. That is the reason we are doing this. To say that its a marketing ploy or somehow about pr really diminishes what should be a very serious conversation involving this congress, stakeholders, the American People. With respect to the new york case, judge orenstein last night took on this issue head on and 40 that i reject the governments claim. And that i find that the activities they are taking conscientious and not with respect to pr or marketing. Rep. Goodlatte director comey and mr. Vance seemed to suggest that the security provided on prior devices is fine. But advancing Encryption Technology is a problem. What do you think about that . Mr. Sewell its important to understand that we have not started on a path of changing our technology. We have suddenly come to the notion that security encryption and privacy are important. Apple began back in 2009 with our encryption of face time and i message. We have been on a path of generation to generation as the software and the hardware allow us to provide greater security and greater safety and privacy to our customers. What happened between ios seven and ios eight is that we were able to transform the encryption outgrowth of is used within the software and the hardware the phone to provide a more secure solution. Rep. Goodlatte we are moving to end to endtoend encryption on many devices and apps, not just apple iphones. Why is that happening . Mr. Sewell i think its a combination of things. From our perspective at apple, its because we see ourselves as , ing in an arms race an arms race with criminals, cyber terrorists, hackers. We tried to provide a safe and secure place for users of our devices to be assured that their information cannot be accessed, cannot be hacked or stolen. From our perspective, that endtoend encryption move is no effort to improve safety and security of our friends. From the terrorist perspective, i think its an effort to communicate in ways that cannot be detected. Cannot be detected. But the terrorists are doing this independently of the issues we are discussing here today. Fbi succeeds in getting the order, that is in dispute, that apple has appealed to a final resolution, however long that takes, and they then get apple to develop this 10 timeshat will allow all of us here, we cannot turn that off. Inside our firewall, we cannot do that. The reason but that creates a separate vulnerability for people whose device falls into othershands, they could try 10 times. But be that as it may, if they were to get you to develop that code, and apply it and then to crack and get into the device, once they get in there, they could find all kinds of encryptions apple could have no control over, with regard to various other Communications Features that the consumer may have chosen to put on there is that correct . That is absolutely right. Telegraph can be on any phone, nothing to do with apple. It could be loaded either on the internet or outside of the country. This is a method of providing uncrackable communications. If what happens here is apple is forced to write a new operating system to degrade the security to phones belonging to tens of hundreds of millions of people, it will weaken our safety and security but not affect terrorists in the least. Former first Lady Nancy Reagan has died. She died in her home in los angeles this morning. The cause of death listed as congestive heart failure. As first known project lady was the just say no campaign to help kids stay off of drugs. The former whoto died in 2004. Nancy reagan was 94. Cspan, mrs. Reagan gave a tour of the Reagan Library in california. This is about one hour. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2016] for somebody who has not been to this library, how do you get hair, where is it . It sits high on 100 acres. It is not too far from los angeles. We can leave our house and the be here in 45 minutes. It is beautiful. Everybody should come to see it. One of the things that struck me after being at the ranch was the winding roads, the hills. Did you think about that . Mrs. Reagan ronnie always liked to be high. Shining city on the hill. Our house in bellaire is high. The ranch is high. This is high. That always appealed to him. He could never live in the valley. When you thought about this library, what was your objective . Mrs. Reagan our objective was to have his legacy here. He wanted very much to have everything here so that people could see and read all of his papers and see the history of him and me, but mostly him. It is here for everybody. When you see the early years, what comes to mind . This is where ronnie was born. He was born above the store. A small little room. He and his brother, there were very close in age, two years apart. And his mother and father. Two years apart. And his mother and father. Have you been there . Yes. And over here . The eureka sweater. His mother and father, his brother. That is at school. Grade school . Yes. There is ronnie putting his hand up to his chin. That little girl down there, he had a crush on that little girl. He asked me, which girl do you think i had a crush on . I said that one. He could not remember her name. When he was growing up in illinois, you grew up how far from the dictionary of . Dixon area . I grew up in chicago. He loved those summers when he life guarded. He always said that he did not have to worry about money because he could not spend the money. He would go into the earlymorning and work until late at night. He never had a chance to spend the money. Did you know his parents . I knew his mother. His father died very young, 58. It was before i knew ronnie. Anything you see here from these early years, just holler. Were going over to the hollywood years. There has been so much talk about this movie. I thought the movie was funny. I thought it was cute. Bedtime for bonzo. What year was it . I do not know. What was his first year for acting . What was your first year . To ask me years is fatal. My first year was, had to be 49. I had been in theater before in new york. What was it that got you interested in movies and acting . My mother was an actress. I had gone to college and graduated and had not found the man i wanted to marry. I did not want to sit in chicago and do nothing. I became an actress. Any picture your favorite . This is our first visit to new york after we were married. I was so excited. Did he change from that day as he got older . Never. Ronnie stayed the same all the time. He never changed. How many movies . 11. Did you act together . Once. It was fun except there was a scene, he played a man in service and i played a navy nurse. There was a scene where he was supposed to be telling me goodbye. We had not been married too long. I took it all very seriously. I started to cry. They had to keep reshooting it. There is a picture want to ask you about. Youve got to president reagan here, jack benny, george burns did you know all these folks . I did not know al jolson. I knew jack benny, george burns, and Ronald Reagan. I did not know what this was. Right over here this was a favorite picture of mine. Clover cleveland. I love that picture. I want to ask you about this picture with president truman. He was a big fan of truman. Are people surprised when they find out . Yes. What did he like about him . He thought he was strong and direct. He just liked him. Were you interested in politics . I was not. I knew nothing about politics. Or your mother and father political . Not really. Do you remember the first time you got interested . After i married ronnie. He was always involved in politics. He would always go out and campaigned for whoever. In those days, he would get in a car and drive to wherever the event was. Never occurred to him to ask for gasoline money. Right behind you, pictures of your husband with a lot of leading ladies. Is it hard to watch your spouse in some of these scenes . No. Yes and no. No. He always talked about the actress who would get leading ladyitis. This is taking out our marriage license. How many years ago . 47. It will be 48 in march. Lets move over to the inauguration years. Before we get there, lets go to the governors time. The years youre in sacramento, what were they . Eight years. They were wonderful years. They were wonderful and they were difficult because that was during the 1960s and berkeley and there were difficult years. Pat brown wanted ronnie to win the primary because he thought he would be easiest to defeat. It turned out to not be so. These are the p. O. W. Bracelets. That is Lieutenant Commander john mccain. When they first came back, we had dinners for the first ones to arrive back. I had some wonderful presence they would give me. Some brought me the tin cups they ate from or a package of cigarettes. To hear their stories, you cannot believe what they went through. Unbelievable. He thought to yourself, you wondered if you would be in the same spot, if you could withstand that. I do not know. Lets go on to the inauguration. 1981, you remember what you felt like standing there . An emotional moment for me. It was like we got married. I remember very little. I did not even remember when the man said i pronounced him man and wife. I wish we could run it all over again. Can we do it all over again . Do you feel the sense of the reins being passed on when you are standing there . I do not think it hits you until after the parade and you walked into the white house for the first time and then it hits you. What kind of things would he talk about . At the beginning of all of this. Was he excited about it . He was excited, yes, of course. The parade and seeing people, the groups that were in the parade. Our friends all being there. Theyre only 39 people who had never done that. There is a button right over here that has to do with the hostages that day. Yes. The hostages were released. He did not announce it until we went in for lunch because he wanted them to get out of the iranian airspace. When did you know that was going to happen . We did not know until it was after the swearingin. He could not announce it, did not want to announce it until they were out of iranian airspace. When people come to the library, is there one or two things they find to be their favorite . You would have to ask them. I think they are always curious about the berlin wall. The whole thing is so it is all here. Everything in his life is here. It would be hard for me to say which one they would choose. Right over here is march 30, 1981. Where were you when you heard the president was shot . I was at a luncheon, at an art gallery luncheon. For some reason, this never has happened to me before, and god willing will not happen to me again, i suddenly had the feeling i had to go. I do not know what it was. I had the feeling i had to get back to the white house. And i did. I went up to the solarium. The head of my detail there was a ramp up to the solarium and he came to me and he beckoned to me to come down. He said there has been a shooting. By that time, i am on my way to the elevator. We went down, he has not been hurt. We got downstairs. I am going to the hospital and he said, it is not necessary. He has not been hurt. I said, george, either get the car or im going to walk. We got to the hospital. There were police all around and a lot of noise and they put me in a small room. There was one desk and one chair. They kept saying, he is all right, but you cannot see him. If he is all right, why cant i see him . Finally, they let me see him. He was lying there with a thing on his face to help him breathe. He said, honey, i forgot to duck. Did you talk about the danger that you face . We never thought about it. You do not think about that. Maybe your husband might get sick, but you never think he will be shot. Ever. You have the actual xray. What was the decision . The bullet ended up an inch or two from his heart. They could not find it. They would think they had it and it would slip away from them. By that time, they moved me up to a room of the above. They kept telling me what was happening and the progress. We cannot seem to get it we might have to leave it in there. Finally, this wonderful doctor who had been up all night found it and got it out. We almost lost him. We were at the ranch yesterday. One of the things that hit me comment talking to the secret service, any time you are at a little house, there were 54 secret service members. It seems to me you would feel very funny. You were not aware of it at all. The house did not seem so little to us. It seemed wonderful to us. We did not want a great big house. We wanted to vacation, ronnie always liked to be outdoors. We made a lot of changes in the house. We replaced the porch. It was heaven for us. It can be very cold in that house and hot. How did you deal with it . I love it. I miss it. I cannot go there without ronnie. I do not know why it was taken. When did you first notice the president was having a memory problem . I forget, you forget. Dont you . He might not be able to remember the egg is from king five. It is a beautiful egg. What did you think of the practice of giving gifts between heads of state . It was very nice but for us, it was embarrassing. Ecause you were limited i think it was 100. Thingsve us beautiful and he felt a little selfconscious. Quite did you get involved in giving the gifts yourself . Yes. I dont remember. I just remember it was hard. What is this big photograph . Mrs. Reagan it was an arrival ceremony. There i was. Yes, it was fun. Do your own briefing to get up to speed on who they were . Well, somebody. The maner, normally, would go with ronnie to the oval office and women would go with me upstairs and have some coffee and sit and talk. And wonderful. Mrs. Reagan yes, i do. Yes, i do. I did it because it was the first time there had been a meeting between us. There,n when we got over and the meeting started, the press could not get into the meeting, could not talk to my husband, and so they on the more than i thought was necessary. It was not really final what i had on or what she had on. Important decisions to make there. Back on theseok momentsat are positive you remember . What kinds of days are the most fun for you . When you are in the white house, there are so many highs and lows. The lowest day was when ronnie was shot. That is an easy one. But it is hard to pick a day. You get tired . Mrs. Reagan sure. I was doing the just say no program. You get tired. Diaries and imy thought, how did i ever do all of this . I do not know how i did all that. Did you write a diary every day . Mrs. Reagan nighttime. Sometimes, we would be so tired that we would put it off until the next morning and rely on our memory. Will that be public someday . Did you write it as if the whole thing would be public . When you write it, i am not thinking about it being public. Available for anyone to look at. We go from the gift area appeared any other gifts you want to mention . Mrs. Reagan cincinnati, wonderful set. They are all you have more stored somewhere else . Mrs. Reagan 100,000. Can you imagine . You want everybody to see them all. Beautiful. When someone gives you a gift, is it yours or the peoples gift . Mrs. Reagan unless you want to buy it. There were a couple of things we bought. A cigarette box the queen and when wehilip gave us celebrated our 30th wedding anniversary with them. On the top it says to mrs. Reagan, on their anniversary, from Queen Elizabeth and prince , theips, it gives a date whole thing to you think, what would that mean to anyone but us . I do not remember. I dont. We will go from peace to war. You have got a big missile here. I walk over this way. What is this doing here . Mrs. Reagan this is the missile ronnie was so proud of. That he got rid of. When you are in the white house, did you all talk much about the military side of things . Mrs. Reagan he did. I was aware of it, certainly. When he signed the treaty, i was very proud of him and he was very proud of it. We will go next to the first lady. This is your area. The first lady area. Mrs. Reagan these had heart problems and they could not operate on them in korea. I put them on the plane and brought them here. On and theyerating recovered. There was a problem about, should they go back to korea or should they not . Families wanted them to stay here because they could not support them. And and iany children have the money to support them. They are very happy. Collect how old are they now . How old are they now . At least 16. Mrs. Reagan i saw them after the operation. They created quite a stir on the plane coming back here. Adopted by american citizens . Mrs. Reagan i imagine so. Thisen you put together area, what was your mission . Mrs. Reagan to show what my life was like. This was a big turning point for me. Who have never been at a gridiron dinner, what is it . Mrs. Reagan held yearly in washington. A very select group of journalists and important people in washington. The image that had been created i do not know whether it was helen thomas or sharon that suggested i do this. They wanted me to make fun of the press and i said no, i will not make fun of the press. I will make fun of myself. Which i did. Ronnie did not know i would do this. He thought it was going to the restroom or something. I came out on the stage. He was so surprised. I was so nervous i thought i would die. It all came off well. I saying. When you look back, what is your attitude about the press . They got to i think know me better. It is a learning process that goes on. Are they too rough on people . Mrs. Reagan i do not pretend to know about today. This is part of your life over here . I saved everything. Everybody teased me about that. When it came time for the library, then. That is my wedding suit. Where they your best friend back then . Mrs. Reagan yes. When did he die . Mrs. Reagan oh gosh. A long ti