evolved outwe have of this institution, out of this movement, to help make the world a better place. the one thing we did not do, and we do not understand, poverty. the world from the triple evils of racism and war and poverty. we didn't understand poverty because we don't understand economics. the economics that you all are being taught is probably irrelevant to the future of the world in which we live. get mad if you want to. think about it. [laughter] you are talking about ,ationalist european economist in a global economy where they can transfer more wealth over cell phones than existed at the time your textbooks were written. , take us to the next stage. i challenge you to let the leadership for a global vision of a global economy that feeds the hungry, clothe the naked, feels the sick, sets at liberty those who are oppressed, i hope somehow from some of your minds and souls and spirits, that kind of economy might emerge. god bless you. [applause] u.s.xt, a discussion on diplomacy and the downing of malaysia airlines flight 17. and the 45th anniversary of the moon landing. after that, the weekly addresses. >> for 35 years, c-span brings public affairs events from washington directly to you, putting you in the room at congressional hearings, white house events, briefings, and conferences. gavel-to-gavel coverage of the u.s. house as a public service of private industry. brought to you as a public service by your local cable or satellite provider. watch us in hd. follow us on twitter. diplomacy andn on the role the u.s. may have in response to the downing of malaysia airlines flight 17. from today's washington journal, this is 40 minutes. rd. host: our guest joining us is hannah thoburn. discussiontinue our about the incident in ukraine. what did you make of the white house response yesterday? what they were saying about russia. measured was very compared to the things that samantha power said. i thought he saw a very measured response by president obama. it was wise of him to be slow and pointing fingers. haventelligence reports we coming out of the defense department do really make it clear that we know where this missile came from and we are reasonably sure who shot it. the next best question is try to figure out where and how these separatists. their hands on this kind of equipment. host: what does it mean for the parties involved? guest: it will be interesting to see -- a lot of it will have to do with russia's response to this. you have seen them say, look, this happened over ukrainian territory. it's their fault. if ukraine had not pushed back , thist these separatists would not have happened. you see russia blaming ukraine for the situation. whether they are going to pull back on what most people believe our russian supported separatist groups is another question. that hedimir putin feel is in the corner and will lash out again? bethis situation, we will reasonably action area. -- reasonably reactionary. it's difficult. the best we can do is to work diplomateormal t channels. punishment,eans of what do you think of it? guest: it's a heavy question. what do you think of the sanctions at large? , theanctions in general day before the plane was shot down, the united states enacted saying enough is enough. this is unacceptable. russia havein and .repared themselves big -- theyt been have been slow and piecemeal. it's going to cause pain. whether it's enough pain to actually change vladimir putin's calculations about his support of these separatists in eastern ukraine is very much in question. does anything suggest vladimir putin will pull back from the current actions he is taking? guest: that's a question that is up to him. we would like to think so. we would like to see him respond to the punishments. he has a general goal in mind. to return russia to the kind of international position that he thinks it should hold. to return russia to being a great power. to a place where russia is respected and perhaps even feared. if he thinks what he is doing leads profitable and helps him on the path to achieving that goal, he will continue. if it becomes clear that he needs to take another path, he is a malleable guy. he is happy and willing to read find another way. host: our guest joining us until 8:30. (202) 585-3880 for democrats. (202) 585-3881 for republicans. (202) 585-3882 for independents. you can tweet questions. you can e-mail them as well . how much support we get from our european partners on this? guest: you have seen the europeans have really been reticent to jump in with the u.s. on harsher sanctions. that is because the europeans have a greater amount of trade with russia. this is a globalized world we live in. many of the european countries get almost 100% of their natural gas from russia. is interesting thing now that their inactivity is now affecting them. 189 dutch citizens killed in this tragedy. what you are starting to see in these countries is a public backlash. we will see how that plays out. it could be a bit of a game changer for european action. host: the new york times highlighting that it's a tug-of-war for the netherlands. while the disaster has touched so many comets mindful that --sia must trad guest: france is one of the few countries that is very much tied to russia for its energy needs. it's exactly that problem. europeans have felt pulled between necessity to do something to stop the bloodshed in eastern ukraine while at the same thing d time, doing somethg economicwould have impact. politicians are understandably to not punish their citizenry. prayer our fro guest. barbara from bridgeport, connecticut. democrats line. guest.s for our caller: i listened to one of the callers earlier. i would like to know why every time there is a problem, the republicans feel we have to get involved. this is a situation where the europeans need to get involved first. not us. our president has done a good job. he has a cool about himself. he does not rush to jump into every single situation. i am sick and tired of john mccain. one man said it correctly. and he got shot down and he has been whining about that ever since. my grandfather was in world war -- my father was in world war ii. that was the greatest generation. whiningt hear those men and crying. what do you think and how much involvement you think we need to get into this? this was not on our territory. we have nothing to do with this. why do we have to lead first all the time? we don't. it does not mean that because you flex your muscles that you're a big man. everybody is so enthralled with gputin. there was an american on board the airline. does that change anything in your mind? caller: there was one american on third there were a lot of people on that plane. just because there was one american, we are going to put a bunch of other americans fighting. your: thanks foryou question. it gets at a larger debate we have had within our american society for a while now. what we want the position of america in the world to be? when you talk to people in foreign policy or who work in the government, there is a certain frustration that the europeans are too slow to move or they don't have the kind of resources they need to actually move. you see people say, look, the europeans want to it. maybe we need to step up and do something about it. guest: that is off the table. we're not talking about getting involved a militarily in eastern ukraine. as far as what the united states what you sawthink yesterday is a very positive step in the right direction. it is standing there and saying we to make sure that this is investigated in an international manner. this was a plane that originated in the netherlands and was from 100 89 dutch citizens on board. it is a malaysian plane and crashed in ukrainian airspace. by russiann down funded rebels. it needs to be dealt with in an international way. investigators are some of the best of the world. if their expertise is called on then we should provided. i don't think anybody is talking about getting involved in a war in eastern ukraine or fighting with russia. that is off the table. there is a concern that the united states does need to take a leadership role. europe seems to be fractured. >> this is ricky from north carolina on the republican line. good morning. we are not friends with russia. we need to protect the united states. have.'t host: we are not friends with russia. rough we have had a relationship with russia over the past couple of years. i think it is going to be difficult from now on. particularly when vladimir putin is making the kinds of moves to we've seen him make lately. crimea istion of something we have not seen in europe since world war ii. it is a big deal. onis right for us to be cautious footing when it comes to our relationship with russia. host: a viewer asks on twitter. that is a very interesting question. i think you can read a book about that question. it is a strange sort of situation where russia and china have been very friendly with each other. both of their interests are aligning. the two of them realize they have some certain things in common. i think one of the things they have in common is making sure that they make themselves felt and heard in the international sphere. one of the things you have seen theimir putin talk about is age is over. this age of the united states being the superpower is over. we are moving to an age of multi-pole a rarity. he wants to ensure that russia is included. they do have several things in common. i think what is forgotten is they have never been friends, even during the soviet era. there were not friendly to each other. they went through a big split. they did not talk with each other. they almost fought a border war in the 1960's. this is based on a shared current values, but not shared overall values. seen china support russia in some of these u.n. decisions, it is based largely on that. mike is in georgia. hello. forer: i think it is time the united states to stand up and put their big boy pants on. punk.ir putin is a things are not going to change. he has pushed and shoved. if this was going to get better it would have gotten better by now. why isn the ground, everybody so afraid of that? then he will back down. that is what he is afraid of. as long as he can get away with it he is going to do it. i think it is time for the united states to step up. street journal says this. guest: thank you for the question. think i come of that question from a position of someone who spent a lot of time studying running putin and through his speeches and seen what he is all about. shovel push and he will and see what he can take. you have to point, push back. the question is how you push back. we have set out loud that boots on the ground is not an option for us. whether or not you think that i think that is a question people have to decide for themselves. utin, they dody p respect our and someone who keeps their word and does what they said they will. behink the world could better in doing what they say they are going to do. he is someone who respects strength and power. people who do it they say they're going to do. i think it has been difficult for americans and europeans where we want to talk about. -- talk it out. ongoingit is an problem for us. we are coming around to it and working through it. what kind of move do we make? that has not yet been decided. this is her but on the democrats line. caller: you said you were convinced that 97% convinced it was the separatists. that reminds me of the american media when we heard that there that iraq% convinced had weapons of mass destruction and we know how that went out. let's talk about the facts for a moment. theukrainian government has sophisticated missile systems to bring that plane down. so does russia. and i wouldrecord, ask you to submit any evidence, that the separatists had this missile system. i know there are allegations that russia sent one in and now they are sneaking it back. i don't think you have any evidence. know the separatists shot down three planes in the last year. planeswith a low flying shot down with shoulder fired stinger missiles. takese at 33,000 feet that sophisticated system. i would suggest that you and the rest of the american people listening take a deep breath and wait until we get international neutral experts in their to do a thorough investigation before we arrive at any conclusions on who was responsible. thank you for your remarks. i do think you're very right to say that we should step back and make sure that we have all the details. onm basing my comment research that i have done. i am a fluent russian speaker rowing through russian language social media sites. on that website the separatist leaders have sent out missives. some of the missives that were up on this website early on thursday morning were very indicative of the fact that they shot it down. they were boasting on this .ebsite on having shot down the details that they give in this missive are nearly identical to the details about this line that was crashed. ityou look at those details, is nearly identical to exactly where this airline flight fell. there are things that were published in the russian media very publicly. they said the separatist rebels had gotten their hands on advanced surface-to-air missile systems. this was bandied about in the russian media. the separatist themselves were bragging about on social media sites. this is largely what i base my conclusion off of. we do have evidence. whether or not you want to believe the phone calls that the special services have released between the rebels saying they , ie shot something down think the evidence is out there and the things that we have seen the separatist say indicate they did have that capability and that they were perfectly happy to use it. the evidence to me points very much toward them having committed this crime. host: joyce is on the republican line in ohio. about thewant to know weapons we are sending to the ukraine. we are sending to ukraine. how is that going to help with our relations with russia? if that is not asking for a war i don't know what else is. i will wait for you to tell it what you know about that. thank you. guest: we are not sending weapons. nonlethale sending is aid. we are sending bullet-proof vest. we are sending night vision goggles. we are sending meals ready-to-eat. tanks ort sent over fighter aircraft. we are very conscious of the couldhat weapons instigate a much worse situation with russia. that is something we want to avoid. we do have obligations to ukraine under a pact that we signed with them in 1994. this is a document signed by the netted states and europe that recognize thell sovereignty of ukraine and if ukraine is attacked the united states and europe will come to its defense. that is not a legal treaty. it is a memorandum and an agreement. there is a feeling that the event states needs to live up to that. that is why we have been sending the nonlethal aid. we are waiting to see what comes out of the investigation. what about the credibility of that investigation? guest: that is a difficult question. you see reporters on the scene. they are right there up against the crash material. they are right up against the fuselage of the plane. that is not something you see with other crash investigations. we don't have teams of and international investigators going in and coming through what is a toxic wreckage. there ares crash, chemicals and jet fuel and things that could be poisonous to humans. that is line out there. there are bodies in the sun in the middle of the summer for two days. we are not seen international investigative teams being able to come in with refrigeration units and body bags to be able to take these people back to a city with a can be read in with their relatives. questionery serious about the integrity of the investigation. we are not sure who has the black boxes. this makes it unclear as to whether or not we will ever get a definitive answer as to what happened. host: ken russian influence the investigation? a very good question. russia has been supportive of the rebels. will gets of said they the black boxes and send them back to moscow. if the rebels themselves have the black boxes it is in their m.terest to tamper with the the lack of having people on the scene is going to be detrimental at this point. i don't think it is too late to save. we do get investigators there very quickly. a i think russia should bring its influence to bear with the separatists and say back off. let people have access to this area. they went to the site yesterday and they were only allowed around for about an hour and 15 minutes. that is all they have been allowed. there were guns being fired off an ear. it is still a war zone. you can hear mortars going off in the distance. this is a very tenuous situation. time is of the essence here. is al on the independent line in oklahoma. caller: i don't necessarily agree with the characteristics of vladimir putin as someone who has lashed out to provide weapons so they could shoot down civilians. wasn't it couldn't who instigated glasnost with gorbachev? at the time of glasnost he was living in east germany. he was a kgb spy. heated not have much to do with the ideas of last not an perestroika. whether or not they supplied that isto these rebels, still an open question. we don't know what has been provided. things are very secretive. some of the evidence that we there were russian military advisers on the ground the. we know that one of the leaders is a member of the russian military intelligence unit. we know some of these facts. it is relatively easy to piece together. there are some serious involvements from the russians. even if there is plausible deniability, you will see him deny that he has any control over the separatist. if russia wanted to stop what is going on, they can pull back all support and their money and shut down access to bank accounts. they could stop the flow of weapons going across the russian border into ukraine. that would dry up very quickly. host: tom is from pennsylvania. caller: i just wanted to follow-up. this is a situation where he is a rogue leader and vladimir putin can't control them. it is almost like john boehner and the tea party here. this guy even made a comment that vladimir putin could wind up like most of its. that is a very complicated question. we really don't know. there is a lot of behind the scenes workings. it is difficult to tell the extent to which the russian government has control over the separatist. it is very difficult to control. that the russians do have very sophisticated means of control that we may not as americans understand. by that i mean financial mechanisms, they work with mafias to make sure that people are under control. it is interesting and difficult in. mr. put this separatist movement in eastern ukraine was largely created to put pressure on the government of ukraine. to make sure that they don't do anything you that russia disapproves of. there is a way of exerting leverage and pressure on russia. there is a possibility that puti n has created a monster that he can no longer control. i think people are concerned about that. is ifestion for him now he wants to exert that pressure? that is something he needs in his mind. what do you do about this monster? he is confronted with two bad choices. either let them be or pull them back. if you pull them back the new lose leverage over the ukrainian government. if you leave them there than things like the having of this airplane will happen. it is a complex situation that we here in the states don't really understand. tense behind the scenes situation in russia. host: that is the thoughts of the financial times. guest: a lot of it depends on things we don't see that a behind the scenes in the government. he is running out of time. he has put himself in a corner. his created this monster that he may not be able to control. whether or not he can pull them back reasonably quickly is going to be important for him. he has the world turn against him and his henchmen. it is a big problem for him. we have the republican line from new york. that obama'sl policies have encouraged putin. sending hillary clinton to plus reset buttons. taking photo ops and having little consequences for his behavior. he is not going to de-cyst unless there are serious consequences. editorials won't do it. i also think that the investigation will be biased. russia will control the crime scene. if there is any information on , they alreadys know where the missile came from. we have satellite images and other types of information to show exactly where it was shot from. guest: i think you make a good point. have a lot of satellite and intelligence operated in that area. they have already said we can tell the heat signature of these muscles. we can tell it came from. thenow they came from ukrainian side of the border and not the russian side. it is reasonably easy for us to tell. interesting to look at exactly what is going to happen with that investigation. a lot of people have brought up a plane carrying most of the members of the polish government including the president of: crashed. there was lot anxiety in polish society. they could not get control of the black boxes. it happened in russia. the russians controlled. out ofthe things coming the polish media is a concern that this will happen again. they won't ever be able to get full answers. i think it is something that we should be concerned about. host: mike from iowa. it good morning. believe obamat regrets. said, theentleman only regret he has about whispering in putin's inner was that there was an open mic. presidento think the cares. it doesn't matter that there were only one american on board. at the end of the day we are all human and we all can't help but feel empathy and sadness about what happened. is he the kinds of people that were killed on this flight. some of the world's top aides researchers and made great contributions to humanity. the president is only human. it is a major tragedy. we should endeavor to make sure it does not happen again. we need to get an international investigation going. i was glad to hear him say that the other day. the whoever did this should be brought to justice. you will see the dutch be very active. they are very big in the netherlands on courts of international human rights. you may see some these culprits brought to justice through those means. host: archie is in kentucky on the democrat line. know ifi would like to anybody remembers vic torilla standing in front of a chevron signed saying we spent $5 billion. isould also like to know there a conflict around the world that we don't have our nose stuck in or didn't start? thank you. i think people do have long memories. there is plenty of conflict around the world we don't have our fingers and. these are the ones we don't hear about on the news. there are small conflicts all around the world. in smallear about them parts of china or arts of central asia. there are plenty of places where we don't have any interest and we tend to not get involved. global leaderhe for a long time. us tois a reason for concern. isolationism is not the answer. it sounds easy. this plane crash has shown that if you don't take action and this is a lesson the europeans have learned, there can be terrible consequences. the deaths of 297 people. host: this is the last call from nevada. this is donna. . guest: good morning. i am appalled at the people calling in and tearing down john mccain who was shot down by a russian missile in vietnam. he is an american hero. is iirst question i have was wondering if she has ever ry ona documenta amazon.com. history as tohole why ukrainians are peaceloving and they want to be left alone by russia. do yound question is think that nato is going to take russia andnst tougher sanctions at least supply some arms to the ukrainian army so they can defend themselves as a sovereign nation? guest: thanks. the documentary. i will look it up. i will say that i lived in ukraine for two years. i know the history of ukrainian people and why they have the inclination to move westward where russia does not. i think it is important to remember that nato is not the ones who have the ability to place sanctions on russia. that is individual european countries. where and when it nato would get involved would be if any of the members invoked article five. data needs to come to our defense. that has not yet happened. ukraine is not a member of nato. i think as to sending weapons to ukraine, that is a question that comes up over and over. it has largely been stopped. stopped by the fear that russia would interpret that as the beginning of a proxy war. they might retaliate in ways that we are not ready or willing or able to react to. we don't want a war in ukraine. we don't want to put boots on the ground. even john mccain has said that. that is something the united states and the west is going to try to stick to to make sure it doesn't happen. host: >> tomorrow is the 45th anniversary of the apollo landing on the moon. about theowden talks future of space exploration. so good to be with you. host: as you look back on this iconic moment in american history, what is your reflection? guest: my reflection is one of pride. i did not think i would ever be associated with the space program as i watched it from the officers quarters at the meridian naval air station. but i was thrilled, i was excited, motivated, and inspired. and i feel the same way today as the agency is turning toward moving beyond the steps on the moon to putting humans on mars. i feel really excited about that mission as an agency. host: that leads to my next question. how likely is that and when? guest: it is very likely. we need the national will, and we are working on trying to inspire that. we have a president who has told us to do that, so that is really good. on tax day, april 15, 2010. and we have a congress that is also in agreement with that horizon destination. the 20 30's seem like the time we will do it. we still have some challenges, but i think we will make it. host: do you have the support of congress and this administration to move ahead on these projects? guest: we actually do. the goal of putting humans on mars -- i will have to take people back. on april 15, 2010, at the kennedy space center, the president made what i consider to be a major pays -- spacex polity -- space policy speech. wantsd by the 20 30's, he us to have humans on mars, with the intent of landing and staying there. the congress has adopted that same thing. it was reinforced in the appropriate -- the authorization act of 2010. we are following the joint will of the congress and the administration, the president. ont: i want you to reflect what john f. kennedy said in september, 1962 at rice university as he set forth the agenda that culminated in the landing on the moon in july, 1969. [video clip] say, the moon? why choose this as our goalie echo they may well ask, why climb the highest mountain? why, 35 years ago, fly the atlantic? we choose to go to the moon. [applause] we choose to go to the moon. [applause] we choose to go to the moon and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard. goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one that we are unwilling to postpone, and one that we can win, and the others, too. bolden, 1962, i know you are familiar with that speech. guest: very familiar. host: from the mercury program to the space shuttle program, really specific goals put forward by the president. do we have that now, that sense of enthusiasm for the space program? guest: i think we do from the president and from the congress, and a large portion of the merit in public. listening, i was envisioning john kennedy coming back to earth and delivering that speech from the lincoln memorial, or even the naval academy -- since i'm associated with the naval academy -- and give a similar speech today. people say that about the moon and i would say that about mars. thing,d say the same because it is hard, and because we know we can do it. were able to if we transport him here somehow, he would make a similar speech, but the destinations would be asteroids on the way to mars, with the ultimate verizon destination being mars. this week,ars ago the apollo 11 launch took place, july, 1960 nine, and of course, with the landing on the moon on july 20, and returning to earth on july 24. the total mission lasted 195 hours 18 minutes. the total time on the lunar surface, 21 hours, 38 minutes. let me turn to miles o'brien with a question for charles bolden. guest: good to have you here on this important anniversary. we often talk about nasa, about we need to have these concrete goals and deadlines that were set by president kennedy. i often think in the context of the times, obviously the cold war and this was a proxy cold war effort, and frankly, in the context that you had a martyred all of thethat sequences lined up to make that link -- to make that move landing happened within the decade, as he predicted. that imperative does not exist, that kind of time imperative. how much does that hinder the effort to focus energies, as kennedy said in that speech? guest: i would push back a little bit. i think the time imperative does exist. we are not in a cold war, but nations do not want to go to -- go back to the moon. they want to go to the moon, because no one else has ever done that except for the united states of america. our international partners are telling us they want to go to mars also, and they want to go with us. the time is now, or we will miss the opportunity to lead the nations of the world on a venture that is unprecedented, that is challenging, and very difficult to do, for which we are not fully prepared yet. that is what the president has told us to do, develop the technologies to go there, figure out how to make humans survive the eight-month trip to mars, and a three-year round-trip. significantly more than going to the moon. i think we could go to the moon today if we wanted to. that is not hard. that is not a challenge for us. this nation is a great nation, and we need to be off to do what the president and congress have told us to do, which is get humans to mars in the 20 30's. you've been told to do is good. and those of us who love space, we want to be on mars yesterday. we know that. and i've seen you and some of your senior people lay out the plan, which i think makes a lot of good sense. because it's not just about us print and putting footprints down and flags, but about building an architecture. the thomas like building an interstate instant -- in space, if you will. -- it is almost like building an interstate in space, if you will. is arankly, what i see lack of driving with the ongoing budget commitments. the river has got to hit the road. i see what you're saying, but i am an internal optimist, and i look for little steps. if you look at the proposed appropriations in the congress for 2015, which they were ready to pass, and then we reached an impasse in the senate and it did not come up for a vote. but at that time, it had reached the president -- reached and exceeded the president's request by almost a billion dollars. i tell our nasa employees we've got to be able to tell people what we are going to do, do it, and then go back in and tell people, ok, the next at this this. is what we are trying to do. we are trying to take incremental steps to mars, and we can do it. this is part of our real america program, the chance to watch a nasa documentary on the moon landing 45 years ago on american history tv. before we go, i want to show you a preview. [video clip] ex 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 -- >> 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, zero, all engines running. we have liftoff. light --e drifting to write a little. -- drifting to the right a little. ok, engine stopped. xd glad landed. >> we copy you on the ground. -- >> the eagle has landed. >> we copy you on the ground. >> [laughter] moon.ong is on the a 38-year-old american standing on the surface of the moon on this july 20, 1969. ,> it's one small step for man one giant leap for mankind. >> that looks beautiful. charles bolden, as you look back on that moment, where were you 45 years ago? guest: my wife and i had just come back from a weekend of revelry in new orleans. i was a student at basic jet training in a radiant, mississippi, and we were gathered around a black-and-white tv with some other students and their spouses watching. listen to that recording, we have had another apollo 11 moment in this nation to august ago when curiosity landed on mars. people around the world were glued to tv. people in time square by the thousands watching on the big screen as we got the reports of curiosity landing on mars. that was a precursor to humans landing on the planet. to trivialize neil armstrong's a compliment, but i think neil would have been proud of us to see that we had taken another small step beyond what he did on the moon in putting a vehicle, a car sized vehicle, on the surface of mars in the way that we did so precisely and successfully. the next big thing for us is another bar -- another mars rover in 2020, a precursor robotic missions that will lead to humans eventually stepping foot on mars. host: a veteran of the space shuttle program and a former marine corps lieutenant >> tomorrow, marking the 45th anniversary of the moon landing. reporter with recent films of the possible presidentialic candidates including vice president joe biden and elizabeth warren and hillary clinton. aboutk clawson talks program.clear we will take your calls and you can join the conversation. atshington journal" live 7:00 a.m. on c-span. >> during his weekly address, president obama talked about jobs and economy. gave thelican whip republican response and talked about jobs and energy policy. >> hi, everybody. over the past 52 months, our businesses have created nearly 10 million new jobs. the unemployment rate has fallen to its lowest point since 2008. across lots of areas -- energy, manufacturing, technology -- our businesses and workers are leading again. in fact, for the first time in over a decade, business leaders worldwide have declared that china is no longer the world's best place to invest -- america is. none of this is an accident. it's thanks to your resilience, resolve, and hard work that america has recovered faster and come farther than almost any other advanced country on earth. now we have the opportunity to ensure that this growth is broadly shared. our economy grows best not from the top-down, but from the middle-out. we do better when the middle class does better. so we have to make sure that we're not just creating more jobs, but raising middle-class wages and incomes. we have to make sure our economy works for every working american. my opportunity agenda does that. it's built on creating more jobs, training more workers, educating all our kids, and making sure your hard work pays off with higher wages and better benefits. on thursday, i traveled to delaware to highlight how we're trying to create more good, middle-class jobs rebuilding america -- rebuilding roads and bridges, ports and airports, high-speed rail and internet. this week, vice president biden will release a report he's been working on to reform our job training system into a job-driven training system. and i'll visit a community college in l.a. that's retraining workers for careers in the fast-growing health care sector. because every worker deserves to know that if you lose your job, your country will help you train for an even better one. in recent days, both parties in congress have taken some good steps in these areas. but we can do so much more for the middle class, and for folks working to join the middle class. we should raise the minimum wage so that no one who works full-time has to live in poverty. we should fight for fair pay and paid family leave. we should pass commonsense immigration reform that strengthens our borders and our businesses, and includes a chance for long-time residents to earn their citizenship. i want to work with democrats and republicans on all of these priorities. but i will do whatever i can, whenever i can, to help families like yours. because nothing's more important to me than you -- your hopes, your concerns, and making sure this country remains the place where everyone who works hard can make it if you try. thanks so much, and have a great weekend. >> good morning, i'm steve scalise, representative of louisiana's first congressional district and incoming house majority whip. i'm speaking to you from the old house chamber, the same room where abraham lincoln once served as a member of congress. and i'm just steps from where house republicans are working to build a stronger economy and a better future. this is certainly a long way from jefferson, louisiana -- a town on the banks of the mississippi where my wife jennifer and i are raising our two young children. i'd like to talk to you today about something near and dear to me, and that's hard work. only in america, can a boy born in a single-room cabin in rural kentucky work hard and become the 16th president of the united states. and only in america, can the great-grandson of an italian immigrant who came to the united states as an indentured servant, work hard and be elected by his colleagues to serve as the majority whip of the house of representatives. because of my great-grandparents' sacrifices, i was born into a middle-class family in new orleans. growing up, i was taught the value of hard work. i worked at home depot to help pay my way through lsu, where i became the first in my family to graduate college. from an early age, i was taught that this is just what you do -- work hard, play by the rules and never give up. it's what's made america the greatest country on earth. that's a lesson democrats in washington don't seem to understand. they think every problem can be solved by raising taxes and borrowing money we don't have to grow an already bloated federal government. and where has this gotten us? on the president's watch, the number of americans age 16 and over who are not working has jumped to a record 92 million. that's about 10 million more americans not working than when president obama took the oath of office. hard-working taxpayers know we can do better. because when americans work hard, there's nothing we can't accomplish. here's an example. if you look at the regions in the country with the lowest unemployment rates, many have energy-based economies. i'm proud to represent one of them -- the houma-thibodaux area, which boasts a 3.7 percent unemployment rate. in southeast louisiana, someone can graduate high-school and get an entry-level job making over $60,000 a year producing american energy. american energy brings billions into our economy, increases our nation's energy security, and helps lower gas prices at the pump. the american people know energy is the best way to jumpstart our economy. but democrats running washington don't seem to get it. they block bill after bill that would expand energy production, would lower gas prices, and create jobs. as a matter of fact, there are nearly 300 house-passed bills collecting dust in the senate today and that's more than 40 of them specifically focused on creating jobs. these include popular bipartisan projects like the keystone xl pipeline -- something the president's own administration says will create 40,000 jobs. washington democrats have said no to legislation to rein in the size of government, no to fixing our broken tax code, and no to lower health care costs. every time they say no -- every time they pick their interests over yours -- they hold our economy hostage, and with it, our chance to make sure our kids will have that same shot at the american dream. the president likes to say he can makes things happen with a pen and a phone. well, what will it be, mr. president? will you put down the pen and stop trying to rewrite laws you don't like, and instead pick up the phone and call on senate democrats to get to work passing those good bipartisan jobs bills? will you help us make real progress, or will you sit by and encourage more gridlock and more politics as usual? it's your call. we stand ready to work with you to solve our nation's problems. in the meantime, we'll be here in the house continuing to work hard for the american people. thank you for listening. a conversation with former vice president, did cheney and daughter. general eric holder talks about the civil rights act. and then a talk about american diplomacy in the downing of years ago, the watergate scandal led to the only resignation of an american president. american history tv revisits 1974 and the final weeks of the nixon administration. opening statements from the house judiciary committee as members consider articles of impeachment against nixon. it occupies a unique position in our political system. it is the one act in which the country participates and the result is binding upon all of the states. the outcome is accepted and the occupant of the office stands as a symbol of our commitment. reversed,judgment is it is -- if that symbol is to be replaced, it must