Watching us. To the fifth humans to mars summit. Not the center of the universe. Lease life this known fact is only been known and established 400 years every since because can person proved it mathematically. Humans can fly. Thats only uth with us for over a century. Humans can walk on the moon. A century than half of truth to us. Considering our times a human pecies on the planet those are all really short times to know these things. Now what i expect that in 16 small crew of 6 women and men will be on route mars. Think about it. Now. 16 years from that can be true too. Ut if we want that math to happen, we today, will have to we keep track with our human and mars program. Looking at you, my audience i know that im looking at the can make this happen. As you truly are the best and fields we st in all need to send humans to mars. Lets show our resolve and keep needed infrastructure and keep testing and improving. Humans on mars get us fact too and underway now. Pleasure tohe great introduce two people that have in gettinggently and humans off the planet and to years. For many first drake. Space architect with the space a space corporations. Brett has over 32 years of systems e of engineering and space flight both n design experience with nasa and industry. Nasa, he years with helped lead the agency into and analysis of human as i saidht and works for the Aerospace Corporation planet and on of to mars. He other speaker i would like to introduce is mike. Of ourone of the leaders last great space project and if of y great space project i course am mentioning the nterNational Space station and i think that being that so that makes him wellsuited for our space project putting blue humans on mars as e brings experience of large scale System Integration and International Corporation to our eam and both will be necessary for Human Missions to mars. 33 years as part f boeing company contributing to human space flight. Plenty of experience and explore is proud and happy to have him also on our directors. At present mike is president of corporation thats a texas based business dedicated o Planetary Science and education. Please come out. You. Ank good morning everybody. Im standing in for joe. Good morning. Everyone were here to talk this morning about the mars report just finished publishing and it came out this pressrelease and is available online. All of you that are here at the report in got this your packet so id encourage you to check it out and read it. Its an excellent report. Brett and i will spend a few minutes talking about whats in report and give you a high level over view. Years ago to try to pull together reliable information use the community could about the progress towards mars happen. G mars mission one of the really interesting and nice things about this is overtime these reports will chronicle the progress that and well be able to look back at them and see how we did. Lot of r weve made a Good Progress so based on that of e going for each section the report quickly. Should take about ten minutes or that, and o do going on we will get that now. The first section and critical mares t of the mission to is the science Precursor Mission to the human ior ones. They allow us to get all the nformation we need about mars thats critical to make the Later Mission happen. Big year een a very for the science program. Eve had a lot of great progress from msl curiosity rove. Ts been working its way up mount sharp and this year its been working its way through buttes formation area and got some of the most pictures that have ever been taken on the surface not seen if you have them go online and find them. But it makes it really clear this was a wet environment. Formation area had water in years and the ny sedimentation layers are visible just fantastic. Orbiters rting is the in orbit around mars, so the orbiter and odyssey and of n and exo mares is there course now as well. Hese have been finding subsurface ice and this is a lot estimates initially are several areas that look to be on of Lake Superior. Hese are quite large subsurface. Of the science programs is very busy. Theres a lot of activities planned and you can see those on charts here. A lot of International Businesses are coming forward now. Announced a mission Robotic Mission to mars. Nasa rse we have got several missions in the plans. Has another mission thats coming also and of course india and united emirates and there and the united emirates has one on the very its become a International Program and their commercial efforts as well. Can see spacex has a mission they hope to do up there as well the team looks forward to the things they really need to get done they have some and one of the first is, we need to replacement for the m r o that has yearsn orbit for ten plus now and so its been doing a marvelous job but its been and its time to get ready for a new one that ill take up that mission and provide the communications necessary. Also the mars simple return high priority for the team and this will start to work aspects that her well need for the human mission. Robotic lot of missions to mars but nothing has ver come back so the a scent portion is critical and the return will work that. You mike. So next section is a discussion architectures and systems ecessary for habitation of mars. 2016 and 2017 theres been advancements from a lot of the organizations looking at Human Mars Missions and what it would take. Examples shown here. Strategy which is starting off Orbital Missions systems on the surface and exploring and then leads a human reusable n mars and single stage lunch vehicle. Using liquid oxygen and hydrogen. Improving on pany the lou nor outpost leading to system. And then conduct Orbital Missions and then followed by Landing Missions so theyve improved their thinking. Spacex elon musk humanced this thoughts on exploration of mars a he envisionedhich reducing transport drastically any citizen to try to go to mars. Hes improving his thinking there. Things like Raptor Engine and large oxygen on the he has initial thoughts of wouldhe Early Exploration look like. Electrical ments in propulsion and recently nasa released thoughts on what to call deep space gateway. Outpost ing a small near the moon that would be critical in understanding and ms operations understanding some of the key technologies and a lot of the aspects that and well talk about in a little bit. Deepgateway can serve as a space important f you will for the assembly of the mars that return cles back to lunar space for the next mission so reasonable transportation is what nasa is thinking about right now. In terms of some of the key up ings that team has come with looking at things. We feel that affordability is of the key aspects. When all these teams look at concepts as you saw in the earlier discussion theres a ide range of system capabilities and concepts for Architectural Development but healthy thing getting alternative viewpoints table and n to the helps a community understand what makes sense and doesnt. Healthy dialogue among the Space Community. Is mentioned affordability one of the keys and we have to downsure we drive the cost and affordability is the key aspect that explore mares is at trying to Development Architecture if it doesnt have ufficient return for the stakeholders theyre not going to fund it. Ustainability is another key aspect the team has been looking on. In a lot of the aspects an architecture sustainable and one thats not ust a flash in the pan that would be a short duration but over at can be conducted many years. Theres a strong belief that a science objective and strategy can help bring the exploration uman communities together. Continuing that effort is very and bottom line from all of achievable. Is theres been a lot of discussion architecture s discussions in thinking mares is key and theres all these impediments keeping us from going to mars. Held ere was a workshop with explore mars in the air call society where we brought experts to look at what are the key long polls of us from getting from where we are today to mars. Ooking at the systems and technologies and all those teams looked at whats required to get are today to there and the common consensus is its hard but its not unobtainable. Impossible dream so that was good news from a lot of these aspects. Just lost it. Oh. So go forward, there we go. In terms of the systems for the are tecture a lot of them making progress. Rion are in production right now. Orion crew module undergoing tests and the Service Module is in part uction in germany as of a contribution from the lot of production is going on at marshal and at the theresspace center and a lot of assembly getting ready for exploration one. In terms of habitation. Eep space habitat nasa is following the next step broad area announcement and we have everal different Organizations Companies looking at habitation oncepts and thats driving towards this deep space gateway of something we can use to prove he systems and the technologies. Advancement continuing in event propulsion. Jet was award and contract for a thruster so well. S advancing really in terms of decent and as scent. Corral decisions to advance those systems. Expiration goals and are we going to use resources it with us . Because those all drive the izes of the vehicle that eventually drives the size of the descending vehicle. We need the land larger with can only land one metric concept is being exploreed for that and its making progress as well and then systems. Ce what were doing on the surface and such are oves in early conceptual phase right now. Report to Human Factors we have a special section on that this year where try to go into more depth on the Human Factors. Last year in ings 2015, 2016 the year long mission by scott kelly. Wealth of data showing humans space for long periods of time and theres such aswe need to solve decalcification but were etting good data and well continue to understand how human beings live and work in space and it periods of time will volume of the the gateway. Etting humans out beyond the magnet sphere and how humans and operate. Confined space for us long time. His will help provide us information we need on the drive towards mars and not just human human but the whole health and Research Program is aspects t 31 critical of human health. Im trying to drive those down a Research Program advancing that as well. Also a really report t part of this and we have looks like i went a farther. Oo there we go. And we have focused on it again year in this report. Normally its international and year ic policy and this tends to be more domestic. Were centered on the domestic part. Not that there isnt anything happening but a lot of things thats what we focused on this year and of course one big events it was passing of the nasa transition authorization act. Remind folks the last time that we had an authorization that passed was in 2010 so this was a really big deal that we had an and yet weion change still had strong bipartisan nasa and got this act passed and into law. Also in the sakt some of the strongest language weve seen a ociated with endorsing mission to mars so this is a harbinger for the Mars Community and people working on missions to mars. Proud to say that our report was act lly referenced in the so thats good. That means that people are makeng it and its helping a difference. The other big event thats is administration is announced the formation of the National Space council. Seen this actually happen yet but its planned so ell be watching that with great interest and talking about that next year in the report. To be final section of the report has to do with public engagement. This has been in the report from beginning as well. Its a really important part of sending all effort for humans to mars. Making sure that the public understands what were doing and why were doing it and is able it as well. Te in so we think its very important nd we think that theres signs that this is really starting to catch hold. Ouve seen a lot of media offerings coming out in the last year. Sorries. Books. Mars. Ix series on generation. These are all signs that the starting to lly engage. We always had strong poling mars support with the public and that strength we inues so as a Community Need to continue to support this and support the media when they help. For finally i just want to put up of all the folks that worked on the report. Of etty distinguished group people i think youll agree as you look at that. And work very hard on this did a terrific job. So if you get a chance pull it out of your packet and read it. If you are watching this Conference Online you can go to and youll website be able to download a copy of there. Port from so with that, chris . Done. Nk were yeah. So . Questions . Minute or may have a two. Thank you. Here comes. Much. You very thank you, mike and brett. Pleasure to y ntroduce the present administrator of nasa. Cting administrator but never the less. Obert became the administrator when the new president took office on the 23rd of january 2017. He has like many of us speakers 30 years of experience in space has been with nasa for nearly 30 years. And he started theres a test engines for the shuttle in 1989 serving in many ten years later resented him with a silver award. We love these awards for his ontributions to the success of human space Flight Missions so allinall a good man to have on our conference. To introduce you to t. U robert lightfoo well, good morning. Great to be here. Appreciate you asking me to participate in this gathering he way we talk about mars you would think its something were interesting in doing, huh . I was aeronauticswith the and Space Exploration board at academies last week, and this was a topic that came up in space and the destination for civil space in eneral and its interesting so see the different opinions and thoughts that i think the nice everybodyt it is that believe this our horizon goal as an agency is to get to mars. You think about it. Humans clearly were already on the th the roves surface now and but i think ever viking we said wow we need to get there. And frankfully driven us even ore to think about getting humans there. We have Current Administration supportive of the goal if you look at the bills whether proposed budgets approved or getting to mars 2030s. Ans in of course you can argue that you know were already there. I said a minute ago we have rovers there now. Doing work on the reconnaissance is there bringing all that data back. Wheels on say we have the ground and an eye in the sky around mars and that allows us where we want to go and what might still be there pretty exciting. Especially when you think back first flew by after the moon. You see this what looks like a world like mars and vehiclent change until and the first images that came back made us really want to go we e and understand what needed to do and i think the real goals of humanity have been mares for a while. And while we want to put humans mars that search for life elsewhere is something were doing as well. We ink its important when think about it and frankly thats why youre all here. We want to reach that horizon oal for all the humanity not just the United States or some particular, not just nasa. Do that and were going to do everything in our power to look for other forms of the universe. T just think about the fundamental that would have. Ven thinking of finding microbes or ancient microbes historically would be a complete way we are the thinking grand us, its kind of need until a haystack proposition. And think ig planet about earth. What we still discover when we explore this large planet and none of it was discovered like the first day. Right . Found things every time we moved across this globe. Think physical human presence can accelerate the rate at which we discover and i believe thats about humans to mars to allow that. And intelligence to search mars rapidly and we go forward, but you know, beyond the life find ition of what we can in this universe theres really desire as f innate human beings to extend ourselves as a species. Fornd ourselves further and us thats into space at this point. Deeper and deeper into space. When you think about landing on the moon, the great aber is very or thes that look into the other galaxies and this agency and our Planetary Missions that weve ouched every planet in the solar system. B jupiter and then saturn. That every vities time we answer a question, every it just begs more questions. Right . And we want to continue to nswer those question as we go forward. I dont think any of us is not images touched by the were getting back. I saw some this morning in the one of the most recent of almost eerie was when you see that giant planet sitting there. Its incredible. Just absolutely incredible so back up in time, the first pictures from mars we said that looks more like what we, here than there and we really wanted to go and when you think about moving forward you about humans on the surface of mars and if you just 1969 and the impact surface of the moon and just, i call it a discovery or evel impact when we do that and i dont say that lightly. Deal. A big just driving in this morning i top,ht, i was listening to mostly for traffic reasons like most of us that live in this and they had advertisement on the radio about something said,ly different and they this country is made on great its eries and of course neil armstrong. Making his first comments from surface of the moon. Thats the kind of impact we can have and i think thats what eventually rs will do to us and its