Transcripts For CSPAN Living On The Moon And Mars 20170824

Thanks for being here and being interested in living in race. It is not what i do for my day job, but it is what i used to format earlier day job and it is why i got into this. This is why elect to talk and argue about it, and hopefully we will do a little bit of that in the gym russian. I am here to talk to you today about the man and what humanity could and perhaps should do on the moon. Normally, we hear about mars. I will not talk very much about mars. I find it uninteresting. You can ask me about that in q a. On the first chart let me see if i can get the laser going. Maybe this is off. There we go. This is the earthmoon system to scale. For those of you who might want to go to a planet someday, the planet you could go to. It takes three days, and 12 people have been there and there will be more in the future and they will not english. In fact, they probably speak a language extremely hard for us and very few people learn it because it is spoken on the other side of the world. This is a remarkable thing in the solar system, which is a double planet system. Our moon is far, far larger compared to earth than most moons are compared to their host planet. There is a whole set of hypotheses about why the moon is there. There is another set of about what it consists of, how it operates and functions of the planet. Many years ago, there was an author and visionary who publish about the Human Development of space. Some of you may have read his work. He was fond of saying if god intended man to explore space, he would have given him a moon. In fact, we have one. My purpose tonight is to give you a sense of the kind of things that could happen. What i want to argue is the reason it is relevant for you is not only could happen but they could happen in our lifetime, even in my lifetime. That is exciting to think about. What is moon village . Here is the head of the European Space agency. He had an amazing vision a couple years ago, which he called moon village a doesnt mean a place with a church and a townhall and so forth great what it is is what you see here. It is the notion that multiple actors by which he means governments, companies, investors, and so forth can all come together but do their own thing in a place where they share resources and capabilities, which gives them safety and critical math. In my analysis, i conclude it is not really a single location, there are probably a network of locations linked through transportation systems. This is a very compelling vision, not just technically but for the reason he is promoting it, which is it is more practical for the global space bearing community than a human to mars vision. The reason for that is virtually every player in space today can participate in a moon village. That is kind of a modern western concept. This is not a nation beating their chests and trying to outcompete each other for flags and footprints and headlines, this is a community of nations and commercial players operating together, supporting each other, providing each other services in a community, which sounds a lot like what we do on earth. What a weird place for a village. However you define a village. It is a pretty desolate place. Im sure it is even more magnificent when you are standing there, and i hope you so someday written as an architect, i want to talk about some of the strange places where we build cities. The first thing i want to say about this is, as you heard a little for my bio, i thought about this and written about this for a lot of years if your interest in, there are a lot of papers going back many years that we can hook you up with where you can learn more about this. Let us talk about where cities happen. Here is one on the Arabian Peninsula that was lost for many years. It was a city of legend until it was discovered by imagery from space at an intersection of trade routes in what is now the desert what was once a limestone environment full of water. And had the unfortunate attribute that they built the fortress over top of this. It is hollow, it is limestone caverns. That is what makes the shape or the radar dish is. A collapsed into the underground caverns oneday and then spawned the legend of ubar. Here is machu picchu. The captives or the offspring of captors were sent to be indoctrinated into ink and philosophy. It is a very strange place because it is built on the top of the mountain in a valley next to the sacred valley of the incas on purpose to be an accessible. The location was hidden so well that the discoverers never found it. Why would you build a city there . A settlment 1000 years before the greeks it was built on a volcano, which then blew up, perhaps leading to the legend of atlantis. We are building a new settlement there on the edge. This is santorini. I have lived in both of these places. Houston and washington, d. C. Sometimes rebuild cities under sea level. This is new orleans. You can say the same about a lot of holland. Here is where we are today. Pasadena is right about there this is a seismically active. Region that needs water from other parts of the state in order to support our lifestyle. This was the station fire in 2009. Here is one, a city of about 2000 people that happens to be on the north slope of alaska. You all know why this city is here. The point is cities occurred where there is economic activity. That is why they grow where they grow. If we are going to contemplate any kind of edelmans on another planet, any planet, even a very close planet like the moon, you have to ask a fundamental question of who is going to pay to stick a city on another planet. If you cannot answer this question, it is not going to happen. That is just a harsh fact of life. It is not the laws of physics. Heres what is interesting about a man village or a settlement on the moon. There are four types of things you can use people for in space. Here they are. There is the one that the u. S. Government has only ever been interested in, which is exploring. There is the one that most people who are enthusiasts actually mean when they are enthusiastic about space, which is getting the chance to go and experience it, feel it, see it, witness it, participate in it, and write about it. There is an activity that if you enthusiasts are interested in, which is extracting resources from it for the benefit of earth. And then finally, there is an even Smaller Group of people who probably want to actually just go and live in various places. You can explore, experience, exploit, or expand. The fascinating thing about the moon is you can advance all four of these in that one place. It is the only place as a human destination in the solar system where all four can come to play. In the analysis i published last year, there are six principles that i think government village activities. The first is about science. It turns out lunar science is fundamental. You all knew this because in star trek, there are only three colors of shirts. Command, engineering, and science. All the interesting one is in the science color, the blue shirt. That is why it is blue here. That is fundamental because we know basically nothing about 1 6 gravity. You know the hopping gait you see in the video of apollo astronauts . That is not because of 1 6 gravity, that is because their suits were so stiff, they couldnt spend their joints. We dont even know how people walk in 1 6 g, let alone all the other things you have to do to be a person in an environment like that. We just dont know. Next, is what i call the practicum. That is because we know nothing about 1 6 g or operating on the surface in a vacuum. All the Little Things you need to know about how industrial processes work inhouse systems behave and how humans operate and how biology works in that environment is pivotal. You may learn you didnt like the answer but you cannot know that before you go. Experimentation is required. Because the knowledge is pivotal, the fourth principle is if you have that knowledge and Something Else wants it, you can sell it. Right . That is a basic law of economics, and i think that will become an engine of Economic Growth of any type of settlement on the moon. Number five is resources. If you are not producing something you are exporting to somebody who is willing to pay for it, you are not growing. Might be a hobby of the government or a foundation, but you are not going to grow. You cannot grow unless you are extracting wealth from something new and exporting it to somebody else who is interested in. Six is for the divisions we see, to get to that level of sophistication even for a city of 2000 you need a settlement orientation. That governs your choices for lifesupport technologies. Physical chemical or biologicalbased . Which is more scalable and robust . It does govern your choices about Construction Materials and where you get them and what you bring from home. If you dont choose to have a settlement orientation at the beginning, that lowers the bar for all the kinds of things you have to do because you can just bring stuff from home, which is far cheaper than developing it there or expecting to depend on it there. So, those six findings are principles that came from a set of findings in my analysis. I will not bore you with all 12, i will just show you a couple that are particularly provocative. Number one, technically we could do it. We meaning the Global Aerospace enterprise with the capabilities that exist around the world. We could do it. Here is a comparison. The International Space station. An amazing accomplishment. If you reduce it to its essence, its power production, its laboratories, it is a way of getting back and forth. It doesnt have to be a shuttle. It could be a dragon, but it is some kind of shuttle. What is the moon village . It is always think the four things we do not have today. A way to get back and forth between the earth and the moon, a way to get to the surface and and back up from the surface of the moon, a way to build and maintain things, and then a way to extract materials from what we find there. This alone tells you that if this thing costs 100 billion even because we have most of these things, if this only cost 50 billion, then you have to spend a whole other program to get this stuff. It is the reason why humans to mars is unaffordable and will remain so. All these things are necessary for mars as well and mars is really, really far away. But here is finding number two. There are rules for all of these players. Heres what i call the big for government agencies. Nasa, the European Space agency, the Chinese Space agency, and the Russian Space agency. Then there are others and then there is we call industry. Old space and new space. The point is, all the things to do in England Village are so diverse and interlock in such a way that there is room for everybody. There is more than enough work to do for everybody to play. That is an important consideration for building a community, a practice, and a community of progress. Growth requires export. You have to export it to somebody who is willing to pay or else you will never grow. This is what i call the topline Budget Constraint problem. The nasa budget is 20 billion a year and it will not double or go up by a factor of 10. All the other space agencies together are about equal in some to the nasa budget. If you expect to present any kind of city or settlement, you need money from somewhere else. Where do you get money . You get it from other Capital Markets and entrepreneurs. What would they buy . The in space one might want gases and things to breathe and so far. The terrestrial ones might want special elements and things we are much more familiar with in the tourism and entertainment industry. Those are the things to export. I have never yet come up with anything other than this list. What is interesting is the scale. You can probably find a couple hundred Million Dollars worth of science that governments are willing to pay you. You can find an order are magnitude more than that, still constrained by the governments topline budget for what people are willing to buy from you to use in space, and then the real money comes from the terrestrial market. This begins to give you a sense of what it would require if a moon village were to be able to grow. The practical stuff has to come first. Environmental management means learning how to operate in that environment. Industrial operations. How do you do production scale stuff . Build things, fix things. Kitchen science. For years i said, you cannot have a space hotel until you can cook an outlet and make a martini in space cook an omelette and make a martini in space. Nobody knows how to do that, by the way. Nobody knows how to do it. That would be a great reality tv show. Experimenting in the kitchen on the moon. Imagine the accidents that could happen. That makes good tv. How to live and do all the things you know how to do for a community of people. The thing nasa talks about which is preparing to go to, which is mars. All of these things need to be learned. Finding seven is learning those who things costs and expense of the amount of experimentation because it is on the moon. It is expensive to get there and back in function and survive. All that stuff has to be learned and an extensive experimental phase that only the big for can pay for. Once we know what we could get for the moon and how well and fast could grow capability on the moon or settlement for moon, then the growth comes from group three, the commercial guys. Theyre making stuff they are selling to each other and to everyone else. Government investment is enabling the commercial enterprise but commercial enterprise controls growth. The future i am painting for you is, in my mind, optimistic. Probably didnt seem that way to you. But i think we have learned many times in many fields that the greatest optimism arises from the most critical visions. By critical i mean visions that can become real, that meet the requirements of reality. In the world we live in where we see things on screens that appear to be real, they are realistic, they give us a sense of what is real that may or may not be true. It is best if we actually understand what is true, what must be true, what cannot not be true so that the visions we fashion and work on together and toward our realizable. As were great things come from. Things that are not just visions but there actually built and they happen. That is how the nation happens. That is how Technological Progress has happened around the world. It becomes a pragmatic. Pragmatism means realism. I dont mean to be a wet blanket on mars. What must happen without which visionary things cannot happen . With that means is taking this place which we see all the time in the night sky and humanity has seen since you it was seeing and reviewing it this way. This is a map of the moon but it is emblematic of appreciating this other place with a surface area as large as africa is full of resources, opportunities, questions, unknowns, and chances for explanation, for experience, for exploitation, and for expansion. I will stop there and ask you guys for questions. There is one already. Then we will get to the the jam in a couple of minutes. The question is about the potential for manufacturing on the moon. Oh, we have a roving mic. Ok. If youre asking questions, please ask on the mic. What are the potentials for manufacturing from the moon . My answer is it completely depends on the utility of what can be manufactured. One of my favorites, as an architect, is there is a lot of native iron. Particles of reduced iron because of hydrogen in the solar wind. That means there are particles of iron that can be extracted magnetically and used to make things out of iron, which is an amazing thing. It is a thing we havent done for architectural purposes on earth since the late 19th century. It might even introduce a whole new aesthetic, architecture made of rock, cast, stone, and iron. I personally find that remarkable. In terms of exporting stuff from the moon to some other place, there are two. One is using lunar materials, metals, glasses for this construction of solar power satellites. The other would be things for earth directly. One is helium three because it is the fuel for one Nuclear Reaction that might be usable in a fusion reactor for power production, although there is plenty of helium three in sea water. If you could scale it up and use it for energy on earth, then you can strip mine the surface of the moon. The other is rarer elements, which do exist in some concentrations on the moon, particularly on the Northwest Side as we see that your side of the moon up in this area. And you guys may know the most Common Source of rearearth elements today is in china. The most common use is widespread in advanced technology in every screen, your cell phones. Magnets that makes work on thebines way to palm springs. We get that fancy stuff from china. We could get it from the moon. It is unknown whether that could ever be economical and that to enable a Growth Market on the moon. That was a long answer. You addressed the material and elemental part of the question. I will yield the mic to the person behind me, but i would like to follow up with could you address possibly the aspects of low gravity and the unlimited amount of solar energy . The solar energy on the moon is unlimited, but in most places on the moon, there is a twoweek day night cycle. Energy storage is a challenge. As an architect, im intrigued with the possibilities of 1 6 g construction. It doesnt have to do with gravity, it has to do with containing atmospheric pressure. We dont build structures like that on earth. That is like living inside a pressure vessel, only in reverse. That is tough, and that is high risk. But, it can be done. That is what space station is. Inside a large pressure vessel, which we dont know how to make, one could build secondary structures that are extremely slender because of 1 6 g. There are essentially no moon quakes. It is a benign environment. There is a kind of the setting of lunar architecture that is fascinating to imagine. Let us go to another question. Which side of the moon would you imagine people wanting to live on and establish a village . Which side of the moon . There is the dark side in the light side. Both are probably hard to live on. There is a dark side, and a light side. But they change all the time. I think what you meant is there is a near side and a dark side. That is one of the reasons why we need to do more explanation. The far side is much more rugged and it has a scientific benefit, which is it is in the shadow of earth. It doesnt see the noise we have on earth. Were we to build a Radio Telescopes on the far side, it would open a new window of understanding the universe. It is very exciting. You dont need a lot of people and you probably do not want a lot of people to run such a Radio Telescope facility. If i were going to be there, the place i would want to be is where i could see earth in the sky because, how cool is that . As cool as it might be and the terrain, it is even cooler with earth in the sky. There is a psychological significance there. I cant remember which astronaut it was, but one of the apollo astronauts spoke to what a potent experience it was to hold up your gloved hand and blot out the earth with your thumb. You could hide the earth with your thumb and just that simple act did something about making them feel really alone and distant. And so, what might that mean for Human Behavior and how people learn to get along . I dont know. There are a lot of aspects of Space Architecture that are fascinating, too. The least of which is it takes only one person to sabotage the lives of the entire settlement. Death is on the other side of the wall, which is not something we are used to here on earth. Thank you for a great talk. I was wondering about the aspect of Entertainment Industries being involved. How do you see just the development of a settlement being influenced by the fact that it may be just an Amusement Park outside of earth . You did mention the baseline and basic installations would have to be funded and done by a government agency. The next step would be really to plug in industries and create this experience and this new kind of exploration adventure for people in order to have money funded into it. How do you see this affecting the development of a settlement . That is a great question. As i said, from one of the findings is you cannot get started without the investment from all large spacefaring governments. That only gets you this kind of flatline sort of like antarctica. We have way more people in antarctica that people dream about having on the moon. They are doing scientific exploration because by treaty, you cannot do resource extractions in antarctica. There is an interesting thing to think about. Beyond that, to get a growth trajectory, they only put money in if they expect to get more money back out. I think the experience economy can be a robust engine for a travelbased industry that can be a source of revenue growth. I dont know how many of you have taking cruises on large cruise ships. It is unbelievable what happens. There are these large ships with thousands of people going from place to place, and people pay for the experience of being on that ship and doing that stuff. I think the step the answer to your question is, if and whenever that happens, it will completely dominate Everything Else on the surface of the moon. It will be the engine of growth. To get to that point, a key steppingstone is resort hotels in earth orbit. A lot lesser, the ride of your life, unique sensation, experience, playing with your food and zero g sex. And the right of your life coming back down, too. And the view out the window is the most unbelievable in the solar system and it changes all the time. To me, that is incredibly marketable. We now have the beginnings of an industry that is trying to break into that. You can envision different futures, depending on where investments are focused. If the investments are focused on a project that takes 30 years and cost 11 and eventually get six Civil Servants to mars once, thats a future. Another one might be the same amount of money and the same amount of time, but in said you have hundreds of thousands of ordinary people flying in space every year. That is a very different future and it opens doors to other kinds of futures of the first one maybe doesnt. Each of those four dimensions that i showed on the early chart leads you into a different place or to a different future, depending on what you choose, where you choose to put your investments. You guys are going to cut me off to the jam at some point, right . One more question. Oh no, that means i have to pick. Your hand was up first. 32 feet below ocean is one atmosphere, so we go many atmospheres to the bottom of the ocean. It is actually more dangerous to be in the ocean. The titanic comes to mind. The question i had was, have you done an analysis of how much a gallon of hydrogen and oxygen would be worth outside of the earth, so that a filling station would be selfsufficient . What would be the rate of return for traveling people out there . That is a fabulous question. That is the right kind of question. The answer is no, i have been so not because it is a function of the demand market, which you have to dial in. As you may know, most of the literature about the use of space resources is use of those resources in space. I used to live in alabama, that is what we call a self licking ice cream cone. You are getting money from somebody whos money comes from the nasa budget anyway. Until you break out of the government spacelike paradigm for other users that is the answer to your question. If it is somebody who needs that hydrogen and oxygen for a propellant, then that is a whole different Value Proposition than nasa needs hydrogen and oxygen to go to mars. Im not exactly sure how the jam works because i was not here for any of the prior ones, but i think i am supposed to introduce a topic and elected to go, right . It is you folks that are jamming. I am going to read you a couple of sentences that she pulled out of one of my old papers and quoted back to me. I am going to pose you a question and hand over the mic. I should say thank you for your attention and interest. It is fun to talk about it. [applause] ok. I promised her i would be provocative. Nasa is the mature government agency. In 1958 upon its creation, nasa was a new agency focused on the scientific frontier. Within just three years, it was charted to deliver a miraculous achievement of significance, and nine years later it did. Those were heady days for a young, technical bureaucracy. Nothing seemed impossible because the impossible was being performed. Upon the triumph of apollo 11, the average age at nasa was 28. 4. My question to you, and then i will leave the stage, i am not going to moderate the jam. Is every april 15, you pay for your nasa. It is your nasa. What do you want your nasa to be . And how do you want it to get there from where it is today . Actually having watched the apollos land, i think nasa is an agency that has a great deal of selfdoubt. They allow obstacles that allow that kindergarten or possibility thinking. Rejuvenating Something Like that how do we do that . How do we rejuvenate something where you have got that middle school pessimism . Can we have more Plant Projects . Like, plants are vital . It produces a free oxygen that you do not have to pay for. I think an important consideration right now is based off the fact that many of nasas projects, are not massed produced given the idea of a future on the moon, it is going to require much more massproduced means of getting there, as well as massproduced environments in which we can live. The consideration i think right now is whether we should be making the investment in lowering those costs via the consideration of producing more of these. How to bring down costs, whether we should wait as these projects progress or start making the investments now based off future the expectation of future demands. I think one thing to consider is often in the political spectrum or political structure, every four to eight years nasa is almost given a different role, they become many politicians pet project. A lot of things in the nasa tries to accomplish, bigger are minimum 10 years long. I think the tough side for nasas convincing these politicians that it is going to take 10 years, 20 years for us to do what you are trying to do, and please align your vision without we are trying to accomplish, because unless that does not happen, budget gets slashed. Some senator or congressman might say, ok, i want Something Else to be done because this benefits my constituents. It might impact how they can execute this mission. I think the political side is a big hurdle and challenge. If these politicians can see the longterm value and what nasa is trying to a college which with each program, it might enable nasa to move its confidence. I agree with you. One thing is nasa has stopped taking risks. I was a small child watching these missions go up, and over the years, as progress i realized we have stopped taking risks at all. We are so afraid to do anything which is remotely risky but we just keep on doing similar things. Of course, nasa would never do that. It is costly. We should be ready to take risk. They should accept us taking risks. A lot of times, the public is not accepting of nasa taking risks, but they are accepting of elon taking risks. That is something that has to come out from both sides. If they understand how the public feels, they would be ok with nasa taking risks. In that case, do you think nasa teaming up with some sort of private Visionary Companies such as spacex, do you think that would promote public encouraging nasa taking risk . Because it is true that people are not very liberal when it comes to spending that much money on something that has a high risk in terms of failure. Do you think that if spokespeople like elon musk, or i am not familiar with other private companies, but if those Companies Get involved to some degree, do you think that would make it more popular to the public . Do you want to answer this one . You might know this better than me. We already collaborate a lot. We already collaborate a lot with industries. I agree. The more collaboration we have, the more public will see us as a partner. We are collaborating already. I agree. We have to collaborate. That is the nature of the game. Missions like nasa, we need to make more risk to make them happen. That allows us to advance faster. How about lets do a huge Kickstarter Campaign with actual goals and with minimal safeguards. Not to the government safeguards where they are afraid of losing every but how many daredevils out there are going to jump over the grand canyon, or get in out there are going to jump over these contraptions that they call sky wings and jump through all that . Lets put them up to that challenge with a philanthropic. When you donate to these campaign, youre getting a tax write off from the beginning. Going back to his white page about government dollars, instead of directing you get a 30 or 40 payback, depending on your tax bracket, you have 100,000 away in a group, you get 40,000 back. It is a way of circumventing nasa instead of getting nasa to do an International Kickstarter and having individuals who are willing to risk their lives as we do on the planet earth already. Just minimal. I just want to drop one more thing into the jam. When nasa was a new bureaucracy, it was a bunch of government labs that was called nasa, i think it is important to ask what job they were given . You notice in my statement, i did not articulate that. What they were not given is the job to put boots on planets. That is what they think today. That is what the whole community that grew up around nasa and its mission believes that is its mission. That was not the mission. The mission was to embarrass the soviets on the world stage of Public Opinion because of countries that were in the process of deciding whether they wanted to follow the democratic path, or the socialist path. That is the job nasa was given. It used apollo as a way to do it. That was the task that was chosen for it to do its mission. Its mission was a geopolitical mission. The question i think we might want to think about, if we want our Space Exploration agency to have the centrality that it used to have, and life in the 1960s when i was growing up, if we want the missions it does to be bold as nathan says and do some of these amazing things, we have to ask ourselves, what is the geopolitical agenda, what is the urgent issue of today which nasa and human spaceflight alone can answer . I think it is very hard to match that up with what we hear nasas assigned Mission Today is. What geopolitical agenda is being solved by that . As mentioned before, nasa is a mature agency. In any entity that matures, it is time for a lifecycle to shift. That said, these days i think nasa is best suited for defining a vision and providing the earthbound infrastructure, i. E. Spaceports, much in the way faa manages their space and manages airports, but does not build aircraft. There are plenty of other entities to build the spacecraft if nasa would just provide the vision and an environment to allow them to explore. I think that would be a better role at this point. I completely agree with regard to the political motivation of nasas founding. I think the big issue right now with regard to issues with taking risk is also the nature of government or any organization within the modernday in todays data driven economy, where any slipup, any issue can be forever immortalized on a computer server somewhere and immediately picked up and scrutinized. Which means mistakes can be blown out of proportion much more easily than say, in the time of nasas founding. It might not necessarily be the fact that time has gone on and complacency has set in. I think it happens to be a product of the times we live in. The question is, is it possible to counter that using that very fact . Via campaigns and more Effective Marketing to create within the publics eyes the nasa which we wish to see. Do we have time for one more closing remark in this first jam session . Another thing to follow up on nasa being the product of time, it is also a matter of context in terms of right now there is a lot more tension and a lot more polarization, in terms of opinions and in terms of our group in group, us versus them. That attracts attention towards things that are more close to heart, so to say. A person who is unstable and their economic station or in their sociological situation may not be as inclined to think about things like space or Space Exploration, which seem to be far away if you put those two things on a scale. Because of the economic, maybe not problems, but definitely difficulties we are experiencing and this polarization of opinions, it is hard to make mental space for considerations of things that are a bit further away. All right. That concludes our first of two jam sessions. I want to introduce the next speaker which is susan jewell. I want to say a couple things about her. We had a really good talk about the moon. I think this discussion is about to get really fired up. This is all about mars, now. Susan jewell has been involved in areas of Space Exploration, health care, education, entrepreneurship, for many years. She is president at mars academy usa, mars without borders, and the space surgery institute. She is a Space Research scientist and an alumni of Singularity University and International Space university. Susan is trained in astronomic simulation and space medicine. I do not want to say too the much. She is going to tell more. Susan . [applause] [applause] dr. Jewell space station to luna. This is Mission Control. We are pleased to say the crew has landed. The falcon has landed and we are all happy and safe on the martian surface. Over and out. Hello, everybody. [applause] dr. Jewell you are probably wondering, what was that all about . First of all, put the mic on. All right. Thank you, thank you. Ll right coul so, i was told that this is very interactive and very active, right, meetup. I have to engage the audience and, of course, i am excited because we actually have people from all over the country, maybe all over the world, that is joining us tonight. I want to say hi to the virtual participants and welcome. My name is susan jewell. First and foremost, i am interested about human life. About the evolution of humanity. And yes, i am talking about becoming a martian or space explorer, traveler, go to the moon, go to mars, go to venus, go to whatever destination beyond earths orbit. That is the vision. Right . That is the end destination. But that can change, and it will change. But what is the most important thing about vision . This vision. It is the journey itself. The experience that you encounter, the sharing, because that is what makes us human, right . The sharing of experiences. And so, that is what i am here for. But also, i am here because i am such an advocate of trying to inspire people. Why . Because i was inspired, myself, when i was a little girl. That was many decades ago. I want to inspire people of any age. It doesnt matter how old you are, how young you are. I want to talk to you about something really exciting, especially now, at this juncture in our humanity, in our human evolution, the possibility because everything is aligned not only technologywise, but the fact that people are so fascinated about space and other world planets. It doesnt just have to be about mars. Im just using mars as a point in the distance. It could be to the moon. It could be to below earths orbit. Why . Because, for many decades, since we had Neil Armstrong, the first human to step on the men, there moon, there hasnt been that many people that have this experience. In fact, there hasnt been many people who have had the opportunity to even have a the experience of what its like to be an astronaut. So, thats why i am here today. And that is what i have been doing for many years. I am so passionate about opening the portal of having an experience, being part of a unique experience, of becoming an astronaut. Yes, maybe you are not actually going into space right now, but that is the journey at some point. Before we get to that point, we have to start somewhere. I am about educating, about empowering, about encouraging, and having people be excited, like i have. And i have been excited since i first saw Neil Armstrong thats how old i am step foot on the moon. I want to be a part of that. I want everyone to experience that. So, yes, i am all those things that were just said about me, but mainly, i am a sentient earthling wanting to be an off world whatever planet name you want to call it a martian, a moon person, a venus person, you know, in the future. , for me, the chance to go to lower earth orbit. Wow. Wouldnt that just be exciting, that possibility . And it can happen and happen in our lifetime. With that said, my topic today is about and heres a long title. Mars analog astronautics Simulation Training on technology for martian settlement. Dont focus on one word. Its not about that labeling. Its about the experience. Thats what makes us human. Having experiences, and then sharing those experiences and the knowledge we acquire and the skills and what can we create . That is what excites me. That is why i want to excite every single one of you. And everybody out there in the Virtual World out there, get excited, because this is such a unique time. St disclosure, of course this is my passion. This is my fulltime its not work it is something i am driven to do. Thats why i want to inspire people. It is work, it is, but it is something you are so passionate about. It doesnt matter. You dream about it, you sleep and youre thinking about it because it is a deep calling. You are so inspired. Out of my many years of doing all these Different Things, it culminates right now in these organizations, but full disclosure, what i will tell you about the work we have done has been supported by these organizations. So, thats my disclosure. Now, look at that. Right . Im going to be interactive. And i want to be. Tell me, just shout out adjectives, anything, when you see that image. When you see that image and we say an image says a million, a thousand words. What does it conjure up to you . Some words. Awesome. Stunning. Out of reach. Possible . Impossible . Ok. Lonely . Thats great. Nothing is right. Nothing is wrong. It is just a reaction youre getting, the possibility. Just that image. The fact that humans working together actually brought us beyond earths orbit and onto another planetary body, right . But look, it happened in 1969. What happened since to us . That is why im here. Thats why people like me are here. Because we want to say to you, yeah, all those words its impossible. But back then, they didnt think it was impossible to get to the moon. They achieved it. That is the example of human endeavor, determination, having something, a vision that they want to Work Together to get to, and they got there. Wheno, i dont agree people say it is impossible. It is possible. But it is hard work. Space is hard. Life is hard. You know. But thats what makes us who we are. Right . It makes us strong. Because we are the explorers. There is something intrinsic about the makeup of who we are that drives our curiosity, that enables us to discover and be curious and always pushing the boundaries. That was pushing the boundaries. But that was in 1969. Yes. I believe, and there are many like us and brent, of course, thank you for that wonderful presentation we will get back to the moon, and it will be for permanent this time. We will be going to and fro. We are not going to just plant a flag and do some golf games. We will build a village there. Suborbital, geo station, the moon, to deep space and on our way to mars and then beyond. In our lifetime, i guarantee, that we will get back to the moon, and we will actually see humans step foot on mars within our lifetime, my lifetime. Who has seen Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon. So, what does this conjure up to you . Look at it. Spend a second or two. Just look at that. Like i said, dont think of the end destination. It could be for the moon. But, lets look at low earth orbit. They will need people of different skills to enable the vision of permanent settlement in space and on the planetary surface. It doesnt matter what the , or geoy surface is station or whatever. The fact is we will have experienced people, and you have got to be trained. You have to be able to understand what space is about, how it affects the body, how the mind, how the team works, cohesion and things like that and bring in your skills, and everybody would have multiple skills, not just one skill. I have to give credit to nasa. You can get these posters free, by the way. But also, how do you support this if you dont have the financial backing . Well, here we go, right . Potentially, to have jobs. That is one of the ways that would help to drive this vision. So, what im doing is, yes, we need you. We need astronauts, and we do have astronauts, but it is so niche. It is like you say, it is impossible, because, even today, right, after many decades, this field of being an astronaut is so competitive. You know . There is a huge demand, but little supply. It is so impossible, like i am not going to get up there people like me want to change this paradigm, and that is why we engage in this specialty, this new specialty of analog astronautics and training new astronauts. Analog is a word that means something that has similarity or familiarity to some system or model or place that you want to replicate, that you eventually want to go to. We are analog astronauts because we are not doing anything in space. We are in an analog environment on earth, which there are environments on earth, that look like mars or the moon. We do these fully immersive simulations in these environments as though we are living on that planet surface. That is what we are trying to do. To train next generation analog astronauts, but not just being an astronaut. We want to inspire imagineers, creators, entrepreneurs. Wow. Who has heard the word astropreneur . Put your hands up. Y di that is the industry. [indiscernible] dr. Jewell that is the whole sideline. Wow, for people who are enthusiastic about space and all those disciplines. Now, for the first time, the whole paradigm of you dont need to follow the linear track of get this credential and have to write a paper no, you have a concept where you are able to make that concept into a reality and make that yours, not give it away if thats what you want the future, a new industry,. Also allow to fuel this vision of becoming a multiplanetary species. Every time, it is incremental progress before you can get to that vision. It is hard work, yes, and it takes people like brent and people who i have been involved with for many years to tell this story. But not just to the community that you are working in, but to expand it out, that is why know, empowering people, inspiring people, talking to people who are not interested in space, maybe, who are not interested in academics and say you can still engage. You can still have an experience. It is about providing experiential learning. But, in this prism i am nerdy about it it is about integrating Exponential Technology. That is the future of now. That impacts the way we live, the way we think. It really has changed. Think about it. Your cell phone. 50 years ago you know what they were using . The ibm computers. You saw that movie, right, hidden figures, a whole room full of computers. Now look what you have in your hand, the capabilities, Exponential Technology. Here, this is the vision, this is a visual graphic of what the vision is. How we get there, we dont know. But, we have an endpoint. And that always shifts anyway. But, what we are trying to do with the next generation it doesnt matter how old you are. You can still participate in this to be an analog astronaut. Here, in an analog world, on earth, you can be part of something unique, be part of a unique experience and have a sense of what its like to be an astronaut living on another world, right . So, we are trying to build a new paradigm. Look, pioneers, we are all pioneers in some way, shape, or form. We are trying to pioneer a new world, a new paradigm of living, how we Work Together. How we live together. A new humanity. A new civilization. It is kind of like without borders, right . Without physical borders, psychological borders, religious borders. If we can imagine that, if we can all believe in that, we can make this happen. Here first, test it out here on earth first, of course. Find the capabilities that enable us to live, not just survive in space, thrive on the planet. That is what it is all about, really, isnt it . And so, heres an example of Different Things that we do. Different crews. And i will go a little bit further. Exponential technology is a technology where, each year, the power and or the speeds are doubling, which is what has happened to the ibm watson on the apollo mission, to what you have in your hands today, and the cost is dropping in half. In other words, the younger audience out there and here, its about the exponential really, its not about the 4. Ear 1, 2, 3, it is doubling, exponential. So, it is 1, 2, 4, 8, 16. Look how fast you can accelerate. It is applied to many Different Things. Technology, cell phones of , of course, and to go through a list, data processing, robotics, drone, 3d printing, these are things that not only impact us, when we lived here on earth, but eventually if we really, really want to make it up in space and build a permanent colony, these technology will enable us to do that. So, here is a quick video. Im going to hopefully, it works. We going to start here. And, do we have any sound . Audio . Ok, so theres no audio. So, these are Mission Patches of analog astronaut crews that were part of the mars Desert Research station, which is part of the mars society. Do we have any volume . So, just giving you some examples in the visual way of what we do, what we engage in. And so, these Analog Mission crews ok, so, its not working . This is where the mars Desert Research station is up in utah desert. They have been there for over 13, 14 years. Every six months, in the year, they have few seasons, and they bring out crews. They have a turnover every two weeks. Crews of up to six or eight. They do a lot of scientific work in Concept Development and technology. But, most important, it is about studying isolation confinement, the psychological issues. And the medical. Ike, for example, here, you can see medical e. V. A. Im going to stop this because theres no audio. Ok, can you tell me how this can i get out of this . So, here, you can see that was the robot that was programmed to do yoga with us, because that is something im very much on board with, living in space and maintaining wellbeing for astronauts living in space. Right now, i think that is one of the most prime concerns. If we are going to go way beyond low earth orbit, with the delay in communications, how will the crew actually manage to effectively take care of themselves if there were a medical emergency, a emergency . Ening what happens then . What are the procedures, what are the protocols, countermeasures if you have mental issues and psychological issues during a mission . These are all very important things. In fact, i should say to you that one of the most limiting factors that prevents humans to live way beyond the border is a psychological issue. Why . Because, in the equation, in the x factor, that is the deadly unknown. Oue can always find solutions when it comes to the engineering or the technical you can find a way, but you can never ever predict, no matter how much you are testing that individual, the crew makeup, no matter how much you try to undergo psych testing, you cannot definitively say this is your optimum crew, and under the most severe conditions, they will be able to overcome it. You just cannot. That is why that psychology and studying Human Factors and behavior is one of the most, i think, compelling aspect if we ts if we really are to succeed to be able to live off world beyond earths orbit. So, what is an analog astronauts Simulation Training . Basically, we go out into these environments on earth that have some similarities to mars, but, really, they are laboratories. It is a sandbox, an opportunity for us to play and do things, right . Is a live in your normal, boring, Traditional Laboratory at your university or college. It is a natural environment, but you are out in the natural world. It is controlled and monitored as well. Here are some examples. You can see this is the utah desert where we were. You saw that video. Now, they have expanded it and built the simulation. So, this is a simulation and it is a simulated base camp. We live in there. When we come out, we don the spacesuit. So here, they have a sister station in antarctica, where they have a few missions, but mainly they do a lot in here. Nasa is also involved in simulation astronautics. In hawaii, so the nasa high seas, the hawaii simulation exploration is entering its fourth year. They finished a oneyear simulation in this. There was a crew that was actually confined and isolated in this simulated, analog base camp for one year, and they finished last year and came out, so it would be interesting to see the data. I just mentioned all the things we actually do and an analog in an Analog Mission. I have highlighted, for me, being from clinical medicine, i have seen that we really need to address the mental health, the , looking atf crews the individual and their crew cohesion and performance, and depending on the duration of the mission, in isolation confinement. Heres an example of some crews and their mission patch. Usually, it is six to eight, and usually there is a commander. Theres subordinates and underlings. But every Single Person comes in with more than one specialty background, and there is always going to be a macgyver. Things breakdown. You have to have somebody to be the macgyver. I think it is really important , to have that person to have those traits to be part of the mission, especially longterm mission, deep space, and when you are living on the early pioneers pioneering the settlement. Heres an example of what the makeup of the mission is. This is the crew, the analog astronaut crew. You will have a remote. Just like nasa, right, when they do the mission up to iss and, of course, to apollo, you got Mission Control and youve got these people working remotely either working directly with the astronauts or doing the behind the scenes, and here are some examples of what we have been doing over the years. Telesurgery, telemedical ine, teleanesthesia. Trying to train nonmedical people how do you intervene when there is a lifethreatening emergency and you cannot have communication to Mission Control . What do you do . What are the protocols . We have to develop these measurements. So, hopefully do you think im going to get any audio . Its a shame, really. These are really fun. This is an example, if it works. This was a little promo trailer. I also want to show you it is fun, too, because if you do not have fun with what you do, it is work. So, no, it is fun. I what to show you video of crew to show you a video of crew 145 and the fun we had. Oh, what happened here . There we go. All right. Is it working . [indiscernible] dr. Jewell its a shame. We shall have to imagine it. Ok, no . No audio . Ok, well, anyway, you can see visually a lot of things that we do, so when you are part of the simulation crew, then you do a lot of e. V. A. , so extravehicular activities outside the base camp, and then we do a lot of stuff inside as well. Both science and food we look at how to grow food. We put ourselves in a full simulation. We restrict ourselves with the water. With food as well, to last us the whole mission. If the mission is two weeks, a whole month, we really, really plan it out. So, lets go and here, im going to go quickly through the medical e. V. A. This is something i have been working over the last two, three years, is how to develop countermeasures in the medical scenarios, right, that would probably happen, high possibility of happening, of humans going out into space. It is a very risky place, an right . Environment. Eme so, what do we do if you went on an e. V. A. And somebody got injured . Here we are incorporating technologies, the nano satellite would be able to give us georeferencing to where the different elements come together in trying to rescue the astronaut. You can see have, like the rover emrs. It does not matter, the concept you are trying to play around with. You have something that was able to geolocate the astronauts, and you have search and rescue teams on the rover, but then you have to do triaging on the injury side. Then you have to try to evacuate back to the hub. Theres a lot of things. If you want to talk more about it, we can talk more about it offline or after the presentation, but it is important to be able to, you know, develop and implement, so this is a very important aspect of analog training, Simulation Training, so you can see part of what we did was here are some pictures of several crews, search and rescue and triage, and im telling you, even wearing the backpack, the helmet it doesn, literally, work. It gives you ventilation, and we do not actually feel the airconditioning, and there are other groups. Someone is building a really full high fidelity astronaut analog and spacesuit is being developed. It would be great to actually don those in simulation, in e. V. A. , but it is difficult. It really is hard to be able to do this, like pick up an instrument with gloves on. It is so hard. It is so difficult, let alone having to coordinate with crew members. And then to be able to pick up and rescue. We did a lot of these things during the simulations, and that is something i just feel it is quite important to do. And then the idea of, like, how we were looking at triage pods. Triage is when you have to evaluate and assess the injured person to see if they are medically stable and in what condition the injured astronaut is. And then, you have to say, what do we do now . What is next . What is the next step . We are thinking, ok, lets start to develop triage pods when we are waiting for the rescue team. Here are different ways we were testing out to evacuate. Over there is the typical crossover arm maneuver, and just being very imaginative. That is what it does when you are in this environment. It allows you to think outofthebox. You have to. When you are challenged with a problem, it is something you have not normally gotten challenged with, so you have to think of new ways. It is a shame, really, because now you can see whether they are re they are controlling the autonomous rover, inside the hub, and they are controlling the rovers that are out there outside the hub, and they are communicating and controlling the rover to do a search and rescue. It is a shame you cannot see that. Another thing we are working on is this engineer had a rover that could carry up to 300 pounds. We said, ok, lets try something, right . My point is, you have to be imaginative and creative. We built this and we tested it out with the rover and we evacuated the dummy astronaut back. This is something we did during one of our missions. Telemedicine and telesurgeries. We actually did a masktomask scenario with a medical team. They guided the nonmedically trained crew on how to do intubation, not on a human, but on a highquality manikin mannequin, how to do intubation, how to do basic surgeries. This is the medical team in the concordia and station watching us. And guiding the nonmedical crew here. You can see here. That was really interesting how that worked out. The whole point is this is applicable. It is applicable when you have, even now in the iss, what happens if an astronaut gets injured right now, even on the iss . What is the procedure . What is the intervention . If it is the medical crew officer that got injured, and everybody else has their minimum medical training, what do they do . This is what we are trying to do. It is very applicable. Even here on earth, even remote disasters. And, of course, integrating Virtual Reality and augmented reality and trying to optimize Mental Wellness for astronaut crews in isolation. We have real applications there. Yoga and mindful meditation is something that, i think, as a specialty in terms of integrative medicine, has Good Research to support that. Yes, this actually can be used to build the Wellness Program for astronauts in the future. I am running out of time. Im not going to go too much. But we have 3d printed surgical tools, and we used them in our protocol procedure to train the nonmedical crew teams. We actually developed them down here. It is a prototype mach 4. That is another thing about being an entrepreneur, we started with the idea and now this is a portable 3d printer, solar powered. With a laser cutter. That is interesting how, in these environments, you can learn to be an astropreneur. With that said, this is great. Be a moon explorer, be a nasa be a spacerer, explorer, be a human explorer. What i am doing is i want to say to people and im going to and end on this, whats we are we are trying to do is open this experience for everyone on a basis where it does not matter what your background is. It does not matter how old you are. It does not matter where you are from and what your religion is. That is not the point. We want to give you this experience so you can come in and do like one day, see can get the training and you can come in for a longer duration. Low fidelity and high fidelity, which is what we plan to do, to go to antarctica or everest and do these missions. Of course, highly qualified, trained analog astronauts to be part of that crew. For people who are novices, the kids out there, now you can have a chance to have that experience experiential learning and to participate in this. It is not just for the very few and for the government and astronaut corps. That is what i am here for. That is what we are here for. It is what space corps is here for. With that said, i think i need to open for jam session, right . Good, brent did a really seamless introduction. My question is, because i am such an Exponential Technology geek, is how can you imagine how Exponential Technology can open the portal to make a multiplanetary species . And one day to settle on a celestial body . No, first it is questions. It doesnt matter . We ran out of time. How would you like to just . Ontinue jam session . Jam session. Questions . So, i want to ask about or , to make aess comment, which is sort of a question. With a focus on humanity, as you say, and imagining a human future in space, isnt it possible that one of the exponential technologies is, i it, the cal, i will call microscopic biotechnology, which is going to reshape us, such as that by the time we get to places like this, we are not what we are today . What does that mean for humanity in the future in space . Dr. Jewell great question. But, let me answer it this way were you the same yesterday as you are today . Were you the same an hour ago that you are today . Right . Think about it. Yeah, evolution and what step, what technology is going to change us, but we are always changing. It sounds really corny, but that saying that the only thing that does not change is change itself. If we do not change, we are going to just stagnate and die. Right . Not just as a species. But the planet. The planet will always be there until the sun dies. There is a finite end to the planet. To answer your question, we do not know. But we are going to keep changing. If we Say Technology and think of it in a positive way, because you have the choice. We always have choices. You can think of the bad things that can happen to us and to you, and to the world, or you can think of the good. It is your choice. Which side you want to take. I speak for myself, i choose to always think positive. I always, always and that is what has driven me, and people like myself to keep going. No matter the challenges or the people who are stopping you or whatever. Want to say, i believe there is a Silver Lining in every dark cloud. And i am going to keep going and believe in the good of humanity. It does not matter. That is not the real question. The question is do we want to keep changing, or do we want to just stagnate . Right . That is just my own believe. But thanks. That is a great question. Thank you. Followup to the question you technology is not yet exponential. We have large technology, it starts as linear or sublinear. But you end up doing it once and you end up on this exponential in terms of the growth. It might be risk, it might be cost money money so my question is, how do we take those technologies and put them on an exponential path so they can be used and grown in the the e way they are supposed to be grown . Think of memory. Memory on smartphones is decades ahead of spacecraft. It is because there has been no investment in the radiation memory. Things like that have to be discussed before we use these exponential technologies and make space faster. I do not see that happening like that. Dr. Jewell thank you for the question. Was that a question or was that a statement . A jam . I like that. Of course, you have your own perception of situations. That is your worldview. Right . And it is great. And i dont know what the main answer is. I agree with brent, what he said. We have to Work Together and find solutions together. To be able to overcome the constraints or limitations. If it is financial, if it is talent, to be able to Work Together as a collaborative team. That is the whole point of what we are saying. You cannot just be a little niche on your own, right. You have to work collaboratively. That is the new paradigm. We really are going to create, and we have to, from my own experience, 50 years ago, i saw Neil Armstrong step on the moon. I was only nine. I go, wow i remember a rotary phone. Look at where we have progressed. But it wasnt just one person or one discipline. It was a lot of people with a lot of components, a lot of factors and a lot of things that went into it to allow it to grow and evolve, right . Yeah, there is problems and challenges in every discipline. It is not just aerospace, right . You know, so, but you are entitled to your thoughts and i think it is great. For me, i think we have to Work Together. We have to be a global, conscious collective without borders. Until we can break the borders, and i do not know if we can on earth, they are so entrenched in the way that we live on this planet. I think that is another aspect of why i am so passionate about it is not so much i want to run away from earth. People say you just want to run away from earth. Why not just focus on earth . You miss the point. The point is what we are doing is it allows us to think outside of the box, challenges us. Every new paradigm we create, with technology, it can have direct benefits to life on earth and improve the quality of life on earth. So, yeah, we want to do we want to evolve to have a new civilization. That is still labeling. It is about the progressive evolution of earth. It is humanity, really. It is the next step. The most exciting thing for you young kids out there, i am saying, so exciting just like i was so excited when i saw a man land on the moon. This is a juncture in time in our own evolution, in our own humanity. We can literally, literally go out and back into space. Not tomorrow, but you know, maybe 15 years we can be back on the moon, right, brent . If we can get everything together. Everything you just said, financing, people together, the great political you know, factions. Even people who are planet deniers, like the climate deniers and flat earth believers. We still have to embrace them and try to say, why do you think this . It is about communication. Breaking those borders. Thank you for that question. I think we will leave it to the audience for one last comment. And then concluding remarks. Dr. Jewell give me a great one. [laughter] what was that . Anyone . [indiscernible] you go first. Thank you. Dr. Jewell ok. I just wanted i guess, talking about the whole thing how these products can benefit humanity as is, i think the idea of leveraging Artificial Intelligence with regard to material science and bringing it into exponential growth or improvement in the technologies, leveraging Artificial Intelligence in material science can be really important. Fea software for the element based Analysis Software in recent years really revolutionized the various engineering industries. There has been an enormous difference, but anybody who has used them knows that they have tons of limitations. I think that Greater Development and the more that Computing Power increases as time goes on, it will allow us to do truly some truly incredible things with regards to bringing the cost down and Encouraging Development at a much more rapid pace. Dr. Jewell that is an important, you know oh ok, there is another. I just want to make one last comment about human psychology. If you are on a spaceship traveling to mars dr. Jewell yes. Or to the moon. Or to the moon or somewhere. I would imagine it would take a lot of effort to Work Together and even being stuck in a confined space would really cause a lot of turmoil. Dr. Jewell yeah . I am just wondering your opinion, if we travel further than the moon, what would it take for people to work out their differences, because it might be consistent of people from other nations. Dr. Jewell so, like i said, you most iof the think, for me, the most limiting factor to really manifest us becoming multiplanetary and settle on a planet is the human factor. The human factor is the most unpredictable, the x factor. That is what i am doing and that is what these stimulations do, these simulations missions we study Human Behavior and we study crew cohesion. We study the psychological aspects of confinement in this kind of setting, right . And that is important. These are important prework to do, because out of this you can develop countermeasures. You can develop the devices or products or whatever it is, the particles, to at least help you to manage any issues should it happen, and probably will, and probably has on the iss. With human conflict. But it is also about studying the health and wellness. Forget the psychological, but your being. Your wellness and your whole existence as yourself, your inner universe, it is also about self empowerment. That is why we want to encourage people to learn about who they are, because if you do not know who you are, how do you feel you that you can work with others . Here on earth, we have a , and tremendous problems most of us do not really know, or have the time, or do not want to, that you should take your journey inward before you take a journey outward. To really be successful to achieve the visions like People Like Us who are so passionate about this and really know that we can achieve this, because our potential as who we are as explorers will allow us this. Until we can break down this journey of selfdiscovery and self empowerment and awareness, that is going to be a huge challenge to do Long Duration mission and live on a planet permanently. Thank you. Mr. Sherwood i think on that note we can close out. Thank you again, everybody, for coming. [applause] mr. Sherwood thank you to the guest speakers for taking their time to come out here. Do not forget to take out your trash and recycling. Help everybody else out here. We are staying late to close this out and hold this event. There will be more chatter afterwards, so feel free to move closer to the door as everything gets cleaned up. Make friends, keep in contact, and see you next time. Thanks, guys. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2017] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] visitedtv recently capitol hill to ask members of commerce what they are reading the summer. There are three books on my reading list. , whicht is the path is about chinese philosophy. And some history books. Sapiens and homo deus. Im still working through the books. Its really a history of the future. It is a fascinating account of where we have been in the past thehow our species became dominant species on earth and looking at what the future has in store for us. Especially with incredible advances in technology. Im involved with Autonomous Vehicles as the senator from michigan. This is the biggest technological change in autos since the first cars came off the line. This book actually takes a look at what does that mean, what do incredible advances in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence mean for the human species . , inrding to the author terms of information processing, nano bots who deal with disease, enhancing strength and enhancing our longevity. It is a very thoughtprovoking. What about International Philosophy . I have a masters degree in philosophy. Its one of my passions to think broadly. Some of the abject ideas that are important for our species and our culture. Author of the path is a renowned teacher at harvard. Its one of the most attended classes. He guarantees in his class that his class will change peoples lives if you Pay Attention to the words of chinese philosophers, it will change your life in your everyday living. I look forward to this as a guy who spent time studying western philosophy. Book tv wants to learn what you are reading. Send us your Summer Reading list or post it to our facebook page. Book tv on cspan2. Television for serious readers. , this weekend on book tv saturday at 8 30 p. M. Eastern, Richard Dawkins on his book science in the soul. Can helpe definitely you enormously in thinking clearly about what to do about whats right and wrong. You can identify logical inconsistencies in your moral provision. Of ate recalls the life former slave who became the first africanamerican captain of an army ship and went on to serve five terms in congress. I was fascinated by him and particularly fascinated by the idea id never heard of them. I had read a lot of stories about the civil war and i was amazed to find that he was not a betterknown figure. Ords, 9 00 p. M. On afterw George Malone the journal supported the federal exchange act. Again, with the idea that this would stabilize local banks so they could issue money against gold they supposedly had in their vaults. Increase at a national currency. The journal supported that. It created a national currency. Weekendse of this schedule, go to booktv. Org. Roadspans voices from the at the National Conference of state legislators summit in boston asking attendees what is your most important issue to your state . What is really important to our state is that washington makes sure we maintain health care for the elderly. If we replace obamacare, we replace it with something smarter. Property tax. Because of the fast real estate areerty, Rural Farmers struggling to pay the high property tax. Thedo we balance that with needs for our schools . Im on the appropriations committee. Thats one of the issues we are dealing with right now. The most important issue facing our constituents today is unfortunately the opiate crisis. Children are the collateral damage. One day, they will need therapy to explain how they have lost their education and family ones. S and other loved we need a declaration of an emergency. Thank you. Seems to me the most important issue facing our state that is the partisanship keeps us from making any progress. I do not believe in putting allegiance to my party over the people. If we can leave the d and r outside the building mothers know issue we cant tackle outside the building, there is no issue we cant tackle. The medical cannabis built will adhere to its policy of having representation of minorities and women. It will be addressed in the 2018 legislative session. Voices from the road on cspan. Later today on cspan, White House Press secretary Sarah Huckabee sanders will be wrote briefing reporters at the white house. That starts at 2 30 eastern on cspan. Right now, we go live to the hudson institute, to bring you a discussion on Political Violence and latin america and the possibility of terrorist organizations operating in the region. We hear from a