Through. I think that if we have a bill enough of a coalition of democrats and republicans on it i think the leadership will bring it up and i think it will pass. The best part of the Patent Litigation reform bill, if i may say so, is the portion taken from the leahylee bill. Thats right. But well call it the leeleahy bill to help it pass. What the American People are demanding is the customer stay provision. In my small town in utah we talk about little ls. We hear it in coffee shops in vermont i live in just outside Mount Pellier where i was born in a town about 1400 people. One coffee shop, soup and sandwich place where everybody meets and wifi there. And theyre constantly worried about, they buy things off the shelf and theyre going to have somebody sue them because youre infringing some eesteric patent. Well, theyre sort of the lynch pin of the community. They shouldnt have to fear. They shouldnt have to fear that. Im going to put you two on the spot and open it up to your questions. Which of these two babies of yours do you think has a better chance of passage in this congress, the criminal Justice Reform or this patent measure . I think the smart money would be on the criminal Justice Reform bill. I think the momentum is there for that bill. There is a much bigger public alliance. They are both important. I think the patent bill is important but there is a much smaller audience that knows, cares about, and understands that issue than there is about the criminal Justice Reform measure. With criminal Justice Reform, now more than any other point in American History there are more people who know someone who is in prison, knows someone who is perhaps in federal prison than ever before. So as a result of that people are more aware of this issue than they have been in the past. And i think that has given us a boost. I also want to thank the president for his efforts to draw attention to the need for this reform. He has been a real cheerleader for it as he has been on Patent Litigation reform as well. But this is where i feel we have the most support among these measures. Do you agree . I would agree with that. I would like to see both of them pass, of course. I will make efforts to it. But in the overall, whats going to affect our society the most is going to be the criminal reform bill. I would urge that we can move sooner than later, because i think the closer you get into the not only the president ial election cycle next year, and it is a year from now. Not withstanding what we see on tv all the time. But also, the whole house is up, a third of the senate is up. It is going to be hard to get attention to it. I would hope that we could do something by spring. I think that it is going to be important this is something that the criminal Justice Reform healry has to be taken out of politics in the usual partisan sense. The patent bill i think is important. I would like to see both of them but i agree with mike that what what t people know criminal Justice Reform means is going to make a big difference. All right. Lets get some questions from the audience here. If you can let us know your name, who youre with, and also please do make it a question this morning. Any takers . You, sir. We have a microphone for you, too. Thank you. My name is joe. Youre taller than the other one. I hope im different in other ways, too. Im a retired administer from the Harvard Kennedy school. I wonder if first thank you to you two senators for your bipartisan efforts in the senate. I wondered if you would comment on the role of staff in bipartisanship. I remember Kennedy School student talking about how senator moynihan always under his staff to go out and meet with the staff from the other across the aisle go have a beer get to know them and build relationships. I think its absolutely important. As i remind my staff and they remind me staff is the extension of the principal, of the senator. So with each one of these efforts that we had with the u. S. A. Freedom act, for example, and with criminal Justice Reform bill, with all of these just as theres been a lot of bipartisan interaction on our side, its been an essential Condition Precedent to any of it happening there has been an enormous amount of interaction on the staff level as well. I know my staff has enjoyed that interaction just as much as i have. So i completely agree with your assessment that that is very important on the staff level. I often say that members of the congress are merely a constitutional impediment to the staff. The staff do all the work. To have a ortunate superb staff in all my can hes and personal staff. But committees and personal staff. It would be totally ineffective if they couldnt work with staff from other members in both parties. There are so many times that i from my staff saying, you know, senator so and sos staff if we come 3 or point 4 nt and we work it out because there are so many things moving, we couldnt possibly keep track of it all. The senators in my experience have be a few senators who try to keep it so isolated, so close to the vest they dont theyve staff work, trying to undo one man one vote. And his teammate in that was howard baker. Howard bakers legislative assistant was Lamar Alexander who has done very well in his own right. So there is so much good history on this subject that i think its worth going back and looking at some of those. I wonder whether youve looked at because tht the 50th anniversaries of the president s Crime Commission of 1965, which reported in i wond youve looked at because tht the 6 or 67 huge piece of legislation in 1968 the safe streets and crime criminal act which covered a lot of these issues and many, many more. And i just havent seen any reference to it at all in the last year and it seems that it might help because i believe everybody from senator senator kennedy. Ed to a im not sure theres a question there but i guess one question is how many senators are left who remember the historic bills of the 196 0s. S that a useful reference . I wasnt a senator at that time. I was a prosecutor. But i know when i go back in istory and talked about things talk about the privacy act, writing the first one i was reminded by senator lee, oh yes, i was in grade school at that time. Got the millenial lobbying down. Thats right. Im going to exercise my moderators progress ti. Were going to ask you about the president ial election. Senator leahy pointed out it is actually a whole year away even though it seems like tomorrow if you tune in to politico or look on tv these days. Got the lobbying down. Thats right. Im going to exercise my moderators progress ti. Were going to ask you about the president ial election. Senator leahy pointed out it is actually a whole year away even though it seems like tomorrow if you tune in to politico or look on tv these days. Senator lee you are a much covets endorsement because you havent picked which of your colleagues or another candidate youre going to go for. Are you ready to jump out there today and say who you are supporting . Got the millenial arent we out of time . I told my family i never thought i would live to say this but one of the weirdest thing that is can ever happen to a guy to have three of his favorite coworkers running for president at the same time. Im good frnds with marco and rand since the three of us ran for senate at the same time, met both of them while we were still candidates long before we got to the senate. And ted is also a good friend. For that matter Lindsey Graham is also a friend that i enjoy. So im not inclined to get into that at this point. Mostly because of the awkwardness because of this. We work with these people. Theyre good friends of mine. And i think that process is oing to play itself out. Senat. However long and arduous the process. Youre not endorsing president to be donald trump . I hes speechless. I made a senator speechless. It happens once in a while. I could comb y if my hair that way. Now, senator leahy you actually have endorsed hillary clinton. I have, i could comb my hair i told secretary clinton almost 3 years ago now we were coming back from a trip to haiti where i had worked on restoration after the earthquake and she and her husband had been very active in that. We had gone down to look at some of those programs. We had a long talk object way back. I urged her to run for president , told her i would support her. Long before my Senate Colleague senator sanders announced. I am not going to say anything against senator sanders whom i admire. But i have that vermont attribute. I keep my word. Any predictions . You can tell us i used to be able to pick these things up but this has been a little bit different. You know, well, it would be exciting to actually have these things undecided i wouldnt be to the candidates but ub decided before the convention. I mean, i cant remember i time i suppose, long before i was in the senate, where conventions actually there was i guess the last was when president kennedy in san francisco. But its political junkies dream. What do you think broker convention or who is going to win . Thats a unicorn. I dont think were going to see a brokered convention now or in the foreseeable future perhaps in our lifetimes. It is interesting it would be fun though. It would be fun. But its interesting that it starts so early. I was told recently bsh i hope ive got this right that john f. Kennedy announced his candidacy in what is now, the kennedy caucus room, in january of 1960. That is when he launched his president ial campaign. It just seems like such a refreshing idea to have that start in the election. We border in my state we border canada. And i see new Prime Minister in a matter of weeks. And he gets elected. The first Prime Minister in a decade. A lot of us wish we could have that. Thats right. What a great note to end it on. The Prime Minister also has the first 50 women candidate in canada. So maybe well see that as well. I want to thank both senators this morning. This has really been a terrific conversation. And well come back and well see how you did and well unpack your successes after the passage of the criminal Justice Reform. Well look at what worked and how long it took you to get there. Thank you again. And thank you to the kennedys and all of you for joining us this morning. What a terrific conversation. Thank you. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions Copyright National able satellite corp. 2015] captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption contents and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org this weekend on cspan cities tour along with our Comcast Cable partners well explore the history and literary life of californias capital city sacramento. Next, a discussion about refugees coming into europe from syria hosted by the Wilson Center. This is an hour and 45 minutes. Welcome to the Wilson Center. I dont know how familiar you are with the center. But my normal job is in texas here im a fessor of political science. And its really nir vanna for scholars like me to be able to come and spend quality time here at the Wilson Center. My sbatcal year and im delighted to be here. I would like it if everybody would just take a moment and my silence your phones so that we can avoid phone interruptions if possible. Again let me welcome you to the Wilson Center. Point out that the Wilson Center was chartered by congress as the official memorial to president woodrow wilson. It is the nations key nonpartisan policy forum for tackling global issues through independent research and open dialogue to inform actionable ideas for congress. The administration. And the broader policy community. Today we are going to look at europes refugee challenge. A response to an international crisis. And i should point out that the program today is cohosted by several different programs here at the Wilson Center in addition to the Global Program the primary sponsor, it is also sponsored by the middle east program. This crisis has its origins in part in the middle east. And also by the Global Sustainability and resilience programs. This is i am sure all of you are aware an incredibly difficult moment in time. The conflicts and violence that across what ng someone, i believe it was ark of called the instability running from roughly west africa all the way to south asia and the asian subcontinent. Have said that this is a multilevel crisis. It is first and foremost a humanitarian crafse. Some would ark of say a hume ta disaster. Youve got in many countries in europe 10,000 people a day arriving at the border. Were looking at roughly a million refugees coming this year maybe more. With no end in sight. So the question is how do you with this. What are the moral and legal commitments that we have in the west to deal with this kind of exodus . And of course this is a tremendous political and policy challenge. It is also a crisis i would argue of governance for europe and for the community. Today to have ky a distinguished panel of experts. Im going to just briefly introduce them. I know a lot of you have their byos in fronted of you but for those who are watching on line, or watching this broadcast, i just want to say a few words about them and then we are going to go straight to the panel. Just so you with this. Understa going to introduce them. Each of them will make a brief remark. Then i will have a couple of rounds of questions with them. A little dialogue with the panel. And then im going to open it up for your questions. First of all, i want to introduce philip, someone i have gotten to know well for the brief time he has been in the United States. He is sitting just to the left of kathleen, phillip is the minister and deputy chief at the embassy at the federal republic of washington, d. C. Two german e number diplomat in the United States. Looking at his bio you may be surprised to find out that he is a high level diplomat who has a phd in art history. Which is great training. I suspect, to be a diplomat. The other things i want to highlight about him is he the german looking at his bio you may be surprised to find out that he is a high level diplomat who has a task force for afghanistan and pakistan. So he has a deep involvement in south asia. We all know afghanistan is one of the prime sources for refugees coming to europe. Among other things, he worked as the speech writer for two foreign ministers. And he oversaw the Political Department of the German Embassy in new deli, india. So a lot of deep experience. Secondly, i want to introduce the gentleman to his left, charles. He is a Senior Research professor of european and youre Asian Studies at Johns Hopkins school of international study. He has worked on the policy planning staff of the u. S. Department of state published many books including failed illusions, moscow, washington, budapest. And the 1956 hungarian revolt. And also hung garry and the soviet bloc. Since it has been very much at the center of this crisis, he will have something to say about the hung garne position and the role. I might conclude my introduction of him by pointing out that he has a new book that came out called this is big which is the strategy craft. Sitting next to his left is captain brian liss co, who is the senior u. S. Coast guard liaison to the department of state where he serves in the Maritime Security division of the bureau of political and military affairs. He is a career aviator, a very decorated flier. Among other things he has served with the sixth fleet in naples, italy, a liaison, this is very important torks the European Border control agency. So he has a lot of front line experience looking at whats going on in north and west africa the middle east the mediterranean and many of the front line european states. Finally, and then were going to segue to the panel i want to introduce kathleen, someone whose work i have known for many years and followed his career that weve never met until today ironically eevep though both of us have spent much of our career and lifetime working on this issue of migration. She is a senior fellow and cofounder of the migration policy institute. Among other things she sits on the board of overserious of International RescueCommittee Many of you know the irc. She is on the board of directors for unhcr. On the foundation for the hague process, the migrants and refugees, worked for the unhcr the world Bank Secretary general. I thought it was interesting that she cofounded an organization with lord david owen in london. She is the author of many, many books. Im not going to list them all. But we are going to start with dr. Newland and i just want to ask her if she could help us understand the nature and the origins of this crisis and give us some Historical Perspective on this. So lets start with you. Thank you very much jim and thank you all for coming im looking forward to this discussion very much. I really want to start where jim started. And that is with the multidimensional nature of this crisis. As you started your comments i thought there goes my introduction. But since you were so brief i think i can elabor