Chairman. I have no idea what it is is like now. Think you so much for joining us. Thank you so much for joining us. Chairman mccaul thank you for having me. [applause] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] thursday, admiral Michael Rogers talks about Cyber Security. He is the keynote speaker at the sixth annual afcea Cyber Security technology summit. We will bring live coverage of his remarks at 12 15 p. M. Eastern. Coming up the Brookings Institution hosts a discussion on the state of the iran Nuclear Talks. Then a discussion on u. S. Preparedness for a biological or chemical threat. And the former Committee Chair talks about the role of congress and by a defense preparedness. Here are some of our featured programs for this Holiday Weekend on the cspan networks. Saturday at 8 p. M. , former texas state senator and gubernatorial candidate wendy davis on the challenges facing women in politics. Easter sunday at 6 30 p. M. Eastern, golfing legend jack nickless receives the congressional gold medal for his contributions to the game and community service. On cspan2 book tv, saturday night at 10 p. M. Eastern, on afterwards activist and author cornell west on the radical political thinking of Martin Luther king jr. , and sunday at noon on indepth, our live threehour conversation with former Investigative Reporter for the Washington Post and New York Times best selling author ronald kessler. He has written 20 books, including escape from the cia, the sins of the father, and the first family detail. And on American History tv on cspan3 saturday at 8 p. M. , on lectures in history, Charles Calhoun on the obstacles faced and accomplishes made by ulysses s. Grant during his presidency. Sunday afternoon at 6 00 on american artifacts historian Patrick Schroeder takes us on a tour of appomattox courthouse in virginia, the site of the confederate surrender in 1865. Thursday, the peace corps director outlines changes to the organization. Since she took the helm last june. She will discuss new policies aimed at reducing health and violence risks faced by volunteers. We will have a remarks from the center for strategic and international studies, live at 10 a. M. Eastern on cspan two. Later we will be with president obama in louisville, kentucky, for speech on technology and the economy, live at 2 40 p. M. Eastern, also on cspan2. During this month, cspan is pleased to present the winning entries in this years documentary competition. Student cam encourages middle and High School Students to think critically about issues that affect the nation. Students were asked to create the documentaries based on the themes of three branches and you , to demonstrate how a policy, law, or action by one of the three branches nature diversifies itself constantly. If it did not, the whole species would be extinct. It is part of our system, part of our need, not only as human beings, but as physical human beings. For more than 200 years, our tradition of welcoming immigrants from around the world has given us a tremendous advantage over other nations. The new executive action the president has announced last month, it is an extension of the deferred action for childhood arrivals, so people that enter this country when they were children, and they never became citizens. It gives them an extra period of time to get their paperwork in order so they are not deported from the u. S. There is something new called dapa, deferred action for parental arrivals, so the parents of children that were born in this country now have a chance to become it is not technically a pathway to citizenship, but it gives the more time to get the paperwork in order so they have more time to get employment, visas, Social Security cards. The president s executive action has caused a ruckus. Opponents say it is basically amnesty rewarding those who flunked. Others oppose and say our president is acting like a king. Supporters of the policies say other president s of done the same, even Ronald Reagan of amnesty to illegal immigrants. Helping all immigrants, legal or undocumented, helps stabilize communities and encourages diversity. Supporters claim diversity is necessary to our country. A perfect example of how diversity was brought into societies the immigration act of 1955. Like obamas recent actions that act was designed to be inclusive. That law passed by congress got rid of a quota system that at one time favored western and northern europeans over asians and africans. It had a huge impact on my family and my community in jersey city, new jersey. [indiscernible] in germany in the 1960s. I wanted to go back to hometown korea. But the conditions were not favorable. [indiscernible] my first day of kindergarten, i did not speak a word of english. I definitely felt like an outsider. I do not think any of the other kids really knew anyone else that was asian. I am from india. I came to settle down my family. That is why i came. I was so interested to come. At the end of 1934, i came here. I came in because my parents 1988 and family were here, except me and my twin sister in india. In that fall, for the first time ever, there was a brother and sister called mike and susie wells from korea. People stepped outside their door and open up to the world. Jersey city, the diversity is probably the biggest asset. The most diverse city in the country. We get together and we go to temple, and we see each other and we celebrate our festivals , and what we enjoy in india and we have our own community. I believe jersey city, and any city, benefits greatly from diversity. Otherwise, we would live in a Little Village where we continue doing the same things the same old way and with the same old people. Bringing in new ideas, new people, new ways of doing things, it is great. Diversity in any country is good. However, i do not think we should have policies that should encourage diversity for diversitys sake. After all, a nation is known by its shared culture. If the culture is so diversified that there is no shared culture, then diversity has gone too far. My opinion on president obamas executive action is it is a very great step in the right direction. The society has been working hard and raising families are they have children that are not citizens that are going to school, getting jobs, going to college. They are living the american dream. This executive action helps them fulfill their dreams. I just wish he had gone a little bit further. I think it is going to be difficult for some of these people to prove that they have been here and a taxes in order to get a fiveyear extension. Even that fiveyear extension will not make them sleep well at night. Long run, i think it will work. I think now it is almost forcing it to be brought up and debated, which i believe in our democracy is always best. The illegals will circumvent the system to stay in that state cannot be deported. In my case, i helped my family to come to the United States legally. They had to wait five to eight years. Many supporters will cite the act that Ronald Reagan signed while president. But president obama, with his own sense of authority, ticket took it upon himself to create a law, which under our system, does as no authority can do so. The realities are what they are. The world is moving on. The world is globalizing. You cannot help but makes makes people. Not just exchanging products. We are exchanging people. Give me your tired, your poor, your masses yearning to breathe free. I gaze at lady liberty, a beacon for millions of immigrants who passed through ellis island. The golden door, the wish they hoped to attain, the american dream. To watch all the winning videos and to learn more about our competition, go to cspan. Org and click on studentcam. Also tell us what you think about the issue this student addressed on facebook and twitter. The negotiations over Irans Nuclear program were extended for a another day after the deadline. A former member of the delegation took part of the new key issue negotiations said it would have been better to set a june deadline. He took part of a bookings discussion on wednesday. This is 90 minutes. Tamara good morning and i am delighted to be hosting this discussion over iran negotiations. I think for all of us who follow the middle east, the scope of the events over the last week have been dizzying. Whether it is the back and forth u. S. , iraq he, and iranian war or the ongoing negotiating drama and was on, what we are seeing is not merely the consequence of the breakdown of the state order in the wake of the arab uprising of but we are also seeing a 111, grand struggle for power across the region. It is understandable that in that context, regional states feel a tremendous stake in seemingly small struggles. It is also understandable in that context why the significance of these negotiations and laws goes far beyond the substance of the talks themselves or the specifics of what deal may or may not be announced or what terms may not or may be announced. In any event i cannot imagine a , group of better people to help us understand what is going on in these negotiations, and u. S. Relations around these negotiations, in american politics, but the broader significance and symbolism of what is taking place. A few, brief administrative announcements for all of you before we get this conversation underway. First, i want to point all of you to the place where our conversations go on in between these public events. I invite you all to join the conversation on our middle east blog. That is on the brookings website. Just over the last week, we have had a dozen posts on all of the issues that i mentioned. We have had a very consistent focus on the iran negotiations. They are with contributions from suzanne, bob bill amma and others. Bill, and others. In addition, for those of you who are watching via cspan or following us on twitter at this event, you can tweet questions to the panel when we get to the q a portion. Tweet your questions to the Foreign Policy twitter handle brookingsfp. For those of you who would like to be part of a twitter conversation around this conversation, please tweet using our twitter handle for the event irannegotiations. And with that, i turn the proceedings over to dan. Thank you all for being here. Dan boy dan good morning. Let me add my thanks. I dont think i need to tell anyone who has read the paper in the last couple weeks the importance of the negotiations with iran, but also the importance of the timing right now. We seem to be at a turning point. Where in the next few days there may be a foundation from which to move forward. Something that will last for quite some time. Or, conversely, we might look back at these two days and say this was the moment when negotiations collapsed, when things that had seemed so promising no longer look that way. Making this more complex, in contrast to many negotiations, not everyone believes the deal is the best outcome. In both iran and the United States, there are many serious critical voices that believe that a negotiated agreement is a much worse outcome than no agreement. I am delighted to say that even by brookings standards, we have a truly superb panel for you. We have three people up here who have long been looking at government aspects of the questions they are going to address today. Our first speaker on my far left is bob einhorn. A senior Government Official in multiple administrations. He is someone who is going to give us the state of play in what is going on with negotiations, the unresolved issues, what he sees needs to be tackled in the days and weeks to come. Our next speaker is suzanne maloney, one of our nations are mere iran premier iran watchers in the government and outside. She will give us tehrans look on this. Our last speaker our last speaker is not giving us a Foreign Policy perspective, but he is going to explain the political dynamics and ramifications in the United States. Together, we will end up with a much more nuanced understanding of the issues that are dominating the front pages. Without further ado, let we turn this over to bob. Bob thank you very much, tammy. First, a few words of background to the current round of negotiations in lausanne. Last november, the p5 plus one countries and iran agreed to a second extension of the interim deal they had reached in november 2013. In november, they set a deadline of end of june 2015 for concluding a comprehensive nuclear deal. They also set a target date of end of march, basically yesterday, for reaching agreement on the key elements of a deal, sometimes it has been called political understanding political framework. The idea was that this march political framework would provide guidance to the negotiators in fleshing out the critical, Technical Details required in a comprehensive agreement by the end of june. Since november, the iranians have played down the importance of the march target date. The Supreme Leader said that they do not want a twostage agreement. They want a single agreement that will be worked out by the end of june. They did not place much importance on the end of march concluding date. The u. S. Played up the importance of the march target. For the u. S. , the march date was a key test of whether a nuclear agreement, a sound agreement was even achievable, of whether iran would be willing and able to make the necessary concessions to ensure that a sound agreement could be reached. Also for the u. S. , the march target date assumed great political importance. Congress required some time, has been poised to adopt new legislation that could had a have a disruptive effect on the negotiations. Members of congress agreed to put off any votes on new legislation at least until the conclusion of this lausanne round. It appears at this point that the complete that negotiators political framework hope to reach will not be achievable. There has been some progress over the last 68 weeks, including the last six days in lausanne. But some key issues will be almost impossible to resolve in the limited time they have remaining. Deputy foreign minister said this morning that no deal is going to be announced today or tomorrow. What will be issued is, what he called, a press statement, which would simply indicate that progress is being made. After his remarks to the press u. S. Officials countered the notion that it would be a simple, vague press statement. The u. S. Side wanted a concrete statement with important details of what had been achieved. Whatever the contents of a joint statement that may be issued tonight or tomorrow, the u. S. Will almost certainly prepare its own version of events in written form. It is not clear. It will hope to brief members of congress and in form the u. S. And world public of its impression about where the negotiations stand. What has the u. S. Been trying to achieve . I will mention some of the key goals. One, it has wanted to achieve rigorous verification measures measures capable of detecting iranian noncompliance at both declared nuclear facilities, as well as covert locations. This would involve not just adhering to the International AtomicEnergy AgencysAdditional Protocol, which provides for a much more intrusive verification then standard verification measure, it would also mean going well beyond the Additional Protocol in a number of key respects. The second key goal is to lengthen, from about the current 23 months, to at least one year the amount of time it would take iran to produce enough weapons grade material for a single nuclear bomb. Lengthening the socalled breakout time to at least one year would involve putting significant constraints on possible methods for iran to produce the materials for a nuclear bomb. That means constraints on the Enrichment Program as well as constraints on the Nuclear Reactor that iran is building. And third, the administration wants a longduration agreement. This is important because there is already an agreement that after the expiration of the deal , iran will be treated like any other nonNuclear Weapons state party to the npt. Some, if not all, special restrictions applicable to iran would go away at that point. It needs to be a longduration. The u. S. View is that it should at least be 10 years. Some restrictions should continue for another five years. And some, such as the adherence to the Additional Protocol should be permanent. Those are some of the key goals and much progress has been made toward these goals in recent weeks and months. In fact in recent days. There are some key issues that appear to remain unresolved. The situation is murky now because they are in the throes and perhaps the final hours of this round of talks. Not much official information has been released. There has been a lot of press speculation about the unresolved issues, but i will mention some that have gotten a lot of press play, whether or not they are fully accurate. One issue that seems to be hard to resolve is the question of the phasing and timing of the relief from sanctions that have been imposed on iran. The iranians say they would like all the sanctions removed almost immediately. The u. S. Position is that sanctions should be phased out over time, as iran meets certain benchmarks in restricting its Nuclear Program and as the iaea a develops confidence is developed in the peaceful nature of a ron pauls Nuclear Program. Recently, the focus has