Frequently. They have to make a determination based on how long things have occurred, the benefits involved, the level of criminal intent, and they make a decision whether to pursue this criminally or civilly. It sounds like in someones eyes, there wasnt enough information to pursue this criminally. They went the civil route. They also have to contend with u. S. Attorneys. The fall that could be to pursue it civilly. Its a fine line to go over this civilly versus criminally, but the bar is high to approach this from a criminal standpoint. Host our guest has been daniel bertoni. Thank you for all of your calls this monday morning. The house is coming in and a couple of hours, just like the senate. They will work on the budget resolution this week. The Senate Begins their work today. The house begins a little later in the week. Over on cspan 2, you can watch live coverage of the announcement by ted cruz that he is running for president. He is doing that live right now. Here on cspan, you can hear about urban issues. We will take you live to the center for american progress. This is a discussion about expanding opportunities in america in urban areas. Featured speakers include hillary clinton, former secretary of state, and also julian castro. We will hear from the mayor of california, the head of american teachers, and other folks. This is live coverage here. Enjoy the rest of your day. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [applause] inks everybody. Thanks everybody. I appreciate that. So, pay your dues. Thank you for having me today. I have good news and bad news. It was advertised that my book will be here today. We will have a book signing afterwards. The bad news is that the book is not here. The good news is we have tracked the guy down. More bad news, we found a democrat and [laughter] good morning and welcome to the center for american progress. Im really honored to have all of you join us for this very special roundtable focused on expanding opportunity in american cities. We are very proud to cohost this event with the union focused on improving our cities. We are also very fortunate to host the participants including former secretary of state clinton. [applause] in a moment, i will introduce our other guest. First, i would just like to say a few words as to why we are here. American cities are the engines of our economy, generating opportunity and prosperity, not only for the people who live in them, but for suburban, rule, and urban areas as well. I nations top metro areas account for 75 of our nations growth the president gross domestic product. More more families what to live in cities. The more we make that possible, the more urban cities and our country will grow. Yet, urban areas face ongoing challenges shortage of Affordable Housing, concentrated poverty. That is why we are here today. To bring together leaders from across sectors to bring new ideas to the city so that families can grow and prosper. Secretary of state hillary clinton, before serving as secretary of state was senator from the state of new york. Leaks out is is the president of apne. We are also very privileged to have julian castro. He is the former mayor san antonio. Mrs. Brown has served on a number of initiatives, as the youngest mayor of content, and california. Glenn hutchins is cofounder of an investment firm, which has invested in many cities. Bruce cast is the Vice President of the proteins Institute Brookings institute. Janet mergadea is president of la crosseraza. Randi weingarten is president of the American Federation of teachers, which represents 1. 6 million education professionals. Finally, Seth Williams is ceo of a company with a mission to get back to observing community by providing jobs with earths products. I would like to start this discussion with lee saunders. Lee, why should we care about our urban areas . Mr. Saunders we believe that this is a discussion that is long overdue. There is a tragedy going on within urban Centers Across the country. The lack of jobs, good paying jobs, and we have to talk about it. Not only on the labor side, but businesses, academics, elected officials. All of us have to think outside of the box to talk about the problem that exist in urban areas right now. You know about detroit. Youve heard about atlantic city. Youve heard that some of these cities are actually having a comeback. If you look at those specific comebacks, you will see that it is affecting to small areas of that particular city. In fact, when you go outside of that area, you see poverty joblessness, problems with education, infrastructure. We believe that weve got to have a dialogue, a conversation collectively thinking outside the box. Our urban areas are the engines of our states with job growth and job creation. We have to pay particular attention to this problem and rebuilding our urban Centers Across the country. We view this discussion at the beginning, not the end. We believe that they should be a priority, not only of the federal government, but a priority between federal, state, and local levels to solve the problem. To provide employment, and provide hope for people who reside in these areas. They are playing by the rules everything obeyed. They want to have a chance and opportunity to achieve the American Dream. We are very excited about this session. Were looking forward to having more dialogue on it. Excellent. Secretary clinton, as i mentioned, you are senator from new york. Why should the country care about the cities success or failure . Fmr. Sec. Of state clinton i join with lee and thanking you for joining us together on this. I think you, lee, as well as apne for motivated this conversation. I did represent new york for eight years. Not only new york city, but rochester, albany, and a lot of other places that had very different challenges. They all fell under the category of how do we make sure our cities are good places for people to live and work. That has become even more important as we have watched how cities are driving Economic Prosperity. It used to be that jobs were moving out of cities into suburbs and rural areas. That trend is reversing. People want to live in cities. There are all kinds of reasons. There is research that im sure we will hear from ruse about millennials money to live and work in the same place. Cities have always been entered a prosperity. Now, what were seeing is unless we Pay Attention and come up with some very creative, and i would argue, affected solution effective solutions, we will not see our cities doing what they do best. It goes to leave point lees point. A lot of our cities are divided. They have a lot of inequality. They have some of the most educated and affluent people in the world, and people trapped in interracial poverty with jobs are not keeping up with the demand. Im looking at at not only what can be done by working across governmental lines as lee said, that has to be absolutely critical. But, what we can do in partnership with the public and private sectors. Im glad we have people on the panel speaking to that. Let me just make three quick points. One, i think that we, for long time at the federal level, but also the local level, have shifted resources to follow people. We shifted resources out of cities. It made sense. Rhodes had to be developed. All kinds of utilities and infrastructure had to be put into place in suburban areas and further out. I remember having al qaeda conversations as a senator with people who wanted to bring jobs to upstate new york, in particular. They would move out to what they called green areas, or clean areas. Even though the utilities or infrastructure was in the old cities. How do we begin to make what we already have more of an attraction . That raises the second point. How do we repair an update of our of our infrastructure . In a lot of the older cities, we have terrible problems with water systems, sewer systems, to say nothing of not keeping up with an electric grid or broadband access. We have to do what we would hope to see to be a mapping of our cities and understanding that when it comes to the physical infrastructure, we have to take care of what we already have, updated, modernize it. We have potholes in new york. All kinds of issues. We have to really invest and then go into the future. The second issue is the human infrastructure. That is the most important part of any city. It is the most important part of our entire country. What do we do to better equip the people to get jobs. How do we keep middleclass families in cities where they want to stay . They dont want to leave but they are being priced out. We need to do more to fit the human needs starting early with prek. Im very in favor of what merit of loss yielded in york creating prek access for every child in new york, regardless of who that child is and who their parents are. We also need to do more when it comes to Affordable Housing so that families can stay in cities. I want to publicly acknowledge randy because through a clinton global in notion Initiative Come midmay, public pension money was pulled to train people to do energy retrofits. They have now created tens of thousands of jobs. Thats the kind of Creative Work that we can do together. Ive obviously proud that cgi help to make that happen. The final point i want to make is this. We know a lot about social l mobility. One of the biggest issues that we face is income inequality combined with wage stagnation. We dont have enough good jobs or social mobility. There are some really interesting work being done by a professor and his colleagues at the harvard. I think it really wakes us up as to what we are facing. They have looked at the indicators of social mobility. Why do some communities have, frankly, more ladders for opportunity than other communities . How do we promote success and upward mobility . Is not only about average incomes, as important as that is. You can look at cities that on average have similar affluence but people are trapped and not able to move up in one city, and are moving up in another. I will give you two examples. Two cities with similar affluence. Seattle and atlanta. They have markedly different rates of economic mobility. Its not about race white and black citizens of a city like atlanta both have low out word. It turns out that places where the fabric of community is strong, with a vibrant middle class, places that are more integrated across class, places with good schools, places with unions, places with religious organizations and civic organizations help people feel rooted, part of a community, and then are able to pull together all of the aspects that full factor into upward mobility. We now need to think about what we need to do to make sure our cities are not just places of Economic Prosperity and job creation on average, but do it in a way that lists everybody up to deal with the overriding issues of inequality and lack of mobility. Thats why i think this conversation is so timely and hopefully cath and others will continue to work on these challenges. Thank you so much, secretary clinton. Building off of your remarks, we at cap worked a little on this issue and found that the size of the middleclass actually affects how much social mobility you have in these metropolitan areas. Thats a really important point. In the 90s, we saw articles about how cities were dying. Secretary clinton reference that. Now they are being seen as the engines of growth. What are the strategies that you have seen that actually succeed in making cities at more hospitable to families who want to live there . I think the secretary has is right. This is a very different conversation than what we would have had 10 years ago. Cities have much behind her back. It is millennial. It is also companies that are not staying in their silos inventing in the four walls of the company. They are looking towards cities. There really important strategies that have played out in the past. Innovation. Continuously innovate on products and sur services. Medical cap and is campuses. Skills. Science, engineering, matt. Not just people with for years degrees, but people coming out of high school, Community Colleges, Business Training efforts. Infrastructure. To move ideas. Broadband. Ports. Cities are trading entities. Last, a quality of place. This probably matters more now than it did in the last 50 years. Authenticity. Amenities. Vitality. That is really critical to make cities home. There is a recipe out here. It has worked in the past for a bunch of cities. As we go around the country, what we are seeing is that cities, not just governments but private, civic, Community Philanthropy are stepping up to do a lot of work. In lexington, they are making manufacturing a party. In charlotte, they are changing Community Colleges to equip workers with the actual skills that they need. You can go to denver and l. A. They are usand you can go to the heart of buffalo detroit, and you can see cities coming back. It is still a very small landmass, but when you put that economy on steroids, one job can equal five jaws. It can expand out into the neighborhood if we are smart about skills. There is a race of the recipe out there. It is about innovation. It will fundamentally if we can come back to this change what the National Government does. In some cases, the National Government does need to lead. A lot of this advance research is coming out of the National Government. On skills, infrastructure, quality of life, the National Government needs to be a better partner in the service of cities priorities and vision. There is exciting work out there. There is a roadmap for prosperity shared prosperity. It does mean that we need to recognize that the world has fundamentally changed. Thank you so much. Secretary castro, i will ask a come back to you to discuss what the federal government needs to do. First, i would like you to talk about your experience as mayor of san antonio. You did a number of policies to address these key challenges. What works for you at their . Secretary castro thank you. I think this is a very timely subject. Im convinced that we are living in a century of i am convinced that we are living in a century of cities. And here in the United States we are falling in love again. The Census Bureau estimates that we will save 80 Million People in our country. 130 Million People will live in cities. If i have advice for leaders around the country, it would be to break through the silos at the local level. One of the things we saw the administration here doing was an effort at very sustainable communities, hide, the department of, with epa. Hey, what we should do is this in a similar way. We need to talk to our elected utility, our water utility. You would be surprised how often that does not happen at the local level. What we found is there are a lot of resources going out there that could be coordinated in a better way. They could make a bigger impact. Secondly, it really allows you as a community to create a longterm vision for lifting up parts of the urban core that are most in need. In our case, in san antonio, we focused on the east side of the city, one of the poorest areas of san antonio, and look that improving the roads, improving the roads, making neighborhoods safer. That will help us eventually get the promise neighborhood grant, the choice neighborhood grant, the promises own. But more importantly, we saw the attendance rates go up. We saw the High School Graduation rate going up review start to see by coordinating and making investments in housing, it in education, in safer streets, the actual on the ground Bottom Line Results you want to see and the advice for local leaders out there, the number one thing you can do immediately is break through your silos and get into meetings with the community and amongst each other to look to the future. Moderator thank you so much. Mayor, you have focused on disadvantaged communities. What have you been doing in compton . Mayor brown i looked at what the residents wanted from their community. We focused on the tough issues first. Why do middleclass residents flee from the inner city . Because they want to raise their kids in a safe environment. Every entity that touched compton came together. We focused on two issues. Eradicating Human Trafficking. 90 of those involved in Human Trafficking are actually minors. And we really focused on what factors allow these activities to happen in our community . Lets face it. Tourists do not rent motels by the hour. [laughter] mayor brown we were able to identify where the hubs of this activity were. We wrote out prevention programs. We focused on truancy and how can we work with the kids and get them back on track. We looked at every single area of gang activity. Who was going to be the last man standing . At the end of the day, it became really apparent that it was a cycle. Eight months later, Violent Crime was down 80 . We looked at membership grants, to make them accountable and the community better. We also focused on the job creation component. We are a 126 yearold 126yearold city. We sat down with labor leaders and said, how can we make this a Group Project . Neighbors are excited about the opportunity not just to have clean streets, but have jobs. We have Community Benefits legislation where 40 of new hires have to be compton residents. But we also have Employment Development programs. There can be no excuse that they are not qualified resident ready. It is really about empowering the stakeholders in the co