director brennan: it is a hypothetical, the iranians have certainly bought to bear many capabilities. we are working closely with the militias there. we have been able to amass enough force to push back against isil insurgence. the coalition strikes have softened up a lot of the iso forces and have disrupted their majestic networks. -- there logistics networks. there has been tremendous effort made by the coalition in terms of rights. charlie: and in the iraqi army are they fighting any better? director brennan: i think they have been able to regroup. there are training elements going on right now. a number of iraqi forces have been able to augment the forces already there. the coalition is engaged in trying to strengthen those forces with the training and advice. these will take time. we expect things not to turn around immediately. this is going to be a long tough fight. we know isil has a lot of material. they also have shown they are willing to kill the cells in certain areas. this has been a long and bloody assignment. charlie: the help that they are getting from iran, is that enough to get the job done on the ground? if not, then air support from the coalition? director brennan: i think there will be a deliberate effort on part of the iraqis and their partners, whether it be the coalition or iranians, to move into those areas that isil has overrun. i think what needs to be done is a very careful, strategic push so that they do not go into battle unprepared. i think it is important, both from a military perspective, and from a psychological perspective, that you need to have those victories against isil. i said if are not invincible but you need possibilities that are decisive. charlie: it is also been said it you cannot seriously diminish their power unless you are prepared to do something about isil in syria. director brennan: there is a combined effort with the government right now in akkad -- in bagdhad, trying to get them to do the right thing. getting the sunni community involved in the fight against isil. we do have a government that is problematic. one of the reasons that there is an attraction into the reason is that the idea that assad is not part of sryria's future. charlie: but we need assad in power as an opposition to isil as well. director brennan: it will not be resolved on the battlefield, in my mind/ we needed to support the elements in syria dedicated to moving assad and his folks out. but there has to be some kind of political pathway to achieve that. russia is looking at the problems created by a situation in syria. there are a lot of russian nationals that of travel to chechnya and other areas. i think they realize that assad is problematic. none of us want to see the collapse of the government in damascus. what we do want is for there to be a few skirt -- a future in damascus to bring into power eight representative government that will address the grievances a multi-confessional country that really deserves a government that represents the people are. -- the people there. charlie: do you fear what might replace an assad government? charlie: we don't want certain elements to replace them. director brennan: the last thing we want to do -- it is important to bolster those forces within the syrian opposition that are not extremists. charlie: do you worry about iran and iraq in terms of what happens if iranians would like to have a stronger presence in? iraq director brennan: the iranians have clear interest because i they share a border with iraq, they share a history with it as well. there are coreligionists from iran and iraq. we recognize that iran has legitimate interests there. we need to make sure it will not be the type of iranian invasion that will create an internal political situation that will not allow the iraqi people to live in a country that has more stability than it has right now. charlie: using coordination on the ground as iraqis as a middle person? director brennan: clearly, in terms of what isil has done there, we work closely with the iraqi government. iranians were closely with the iraqi government as well. we trying to advance our common objective. charlie: speaking of iranians and negotiations. what is it for you, a central requirement in terms of a nuclear agreement with iran? the kind of notice you would need i'm thinking of those kinds of issues. director brennan: clearly there are aspects of iran's nuclear program that needs to be addressed. the united states, as well as countries in the region, need comfort that they are not on the march to eight nuclear capability -- to a nuclear capability. we need to determine the type of enrichment they will be able to contain. also cutting up pathways to nuclear weapons. making sure you have the opportunity to inspect facilities, verification readings, to make sure there is not a breakout. these are the arrangements. it is a multidimensional package of things that these negotiations are looking at currently. there has been a very intense effort to try and understand the different dimensions of the iranian a program as well as to address all of the barriers and concerns. this is not something done in a haphazard way. looking at what the u.s. government is doing with our partners and how this has proceeded, i think this has been the most careful and lebron negotiation -- the most careful and deliberate negotiation. it will help the complex in the region. charlie: in other words, you agree with -- you are comfortable with the agreement they are working on now. director brennan: i think the u.s. side will have minimum requirements that we will not reduce. we have to have the confidence and comfort with the arrangement, not with just what iran has agreed to, but allowing the agreements to have confidence that the terms are being upheld. charlie: turning to ukraine. what is your sense of what putin is up to? dedicate in over his head, as some have suggested and is in fact looking for a way out? or do you believe this is part of a larger idea of expanding russian influence? director brennan: i think russia and putin clearly has strategic ambitions in terms of the area along the western border of russia. they are concerned about what is perceived as a nato influence in the area. putin has got an insult to the point where there is an international consensus about not allowing russia to continue to march in this direction. thankfully, over the last several weeks we have had a reduction in the amount of violence there. i would look to mr. putin to see how he will actually get himself out of this predicament where the russian economy is facing serious challenges as the result of sanctions and how the international community are united in pursuing this --charlie: i think it is always in our interest to find a dramatic and peaceful way out of the problem. it is incumbent on the u.s. as the leader of the western and free world to help us shape this. the countries in that area who have very serious concerns about other types of russian activity in that region need to have a very strong voice. you see our partners, the germans and others are taking a look at this as well. charlie: someone in the administration once said to me, most of all the possibility of some russians making a mistake, a loose nuke idea. they say they lose sleep over that. do you agree? director brennan: it has the potential for some type of cycle that was not the intention of either side. there is a lot of violence going on that will provoke a reaction. and just a quick series of reactions to that. whether we are talking about ukraine, or the situation between north and south korea, that spark has the potential. that is why it is important to call attention to these issues. this is the time to try and keep those a day. charlie: how do you do that? director brennan: very active diplomacy. sometimes you need to bring to bear various tools of power. the u.s. has a lot available to it. there are sanctions and other types of international activities. the u.s. recognizes rightly that there are not unilateral solutions. it is important for us to work with our partners and engage in those multinational countries. charlie: can we conclude our partners china? director brennan: absolutely. china plays a very important role on the world stage. thei economic powerr is critically important to a lot of countries in the world. we have regular interaction with the chinese. we are trying to make sure that as we engage with the chinese on these issues, we are also cognizant of the fact that the chinese are playing a more increased role in other parts of the world. they have strategic and political obligations as they continue to move forward. i think they see that china's capability and power is different than what it was a few years ago. that is why they are looking at the various superpower relationships and trying to define them in a way that will advantage china's interest in the coming decade. is a careful, strategic approach is trying to expand china. charlie: and consolidating power and increasing its military? director brennan: it keeps the chinese economic engine going. he needs to be able to feel his investment engine as well. charlie: you talk about security and you think about china in terms of cyber security. some suggested the government acting on behalf of corporations. what is your thought on china in terms of cyber security? director brennan: if you look at nationstates across the world engagement in that digital main, there is so much activity and information out there. some countries will believe that any activity in the digital domain is ok. i think this is where the norms and standards of behavior apply. there have been a number of discussions about what we think is inappropriate activity in that realm. it is a question that many of these nations face. there is a lot of capability developing so that any country can cap into the capabilities of the might exist in these companies and utilize it for their security, political business, what other interests. when you look at asia, there is one issue out there, which is north korea. that is a problem for the region. china, south korea, japan and and other states, with the unknown actions of kim jong-un about where to go next. there are issues that certainly divided south korea, the japanese, and the chinese. what we would like to see is a greater dialogue. charlie: and you are committed to south korea and china having a dialogue? director brennan: it underscores how important our relationships are/ charlie: when you went to the cia, you said you would like the caa to do less paramilitary kinds of things. is that true and do you still believe that? director brennan: the cia has played a important role throughout history. almost every present has utilized the cia's national authority. a lot of authority requires some her military -- i believe the cia need to retain that paramilitary capability so that should the chief executive decide that we need to be able to apply it to protect an interest, the cia needs to be prepared to do that. my concern is that the cia has a lot of responsibilities worldwide. i wanted to make sure we address those responsibilities across the board and not swing to wildly one way or the other. when i look back over the last 15 years with the 9/11 situation in iraq and afghanistan we had to utilize a number of those paramilitary skills in order to address challenges. thankfully, the cia had that capability and experience. this is part of the motivation behind some of these reforms to fulfill our responsibility across all of those areas. charlie: before i turn over to the audience, talk about the cia and how you see the challenge of the next 15 years and change and adjust to that? director brennan: the world is becoming more and more challenging. nationstates are under increasing challenges and threats. more and more, we see individuals who are identifying with national mobilizations. just the authority of nation states and governments needs to be looked at in a different way than 20 years ago. this is one of the things we need to understand, participate, and work with in foreign governments. if you have the solution of the nation state structure we have had for the past century, it will not work in practice. we have to not only inform policymakers about those trends worldwide, but and analysis for cia has taken on many dimensions than when i first came in 1980. at that time the cia's analytic work with exquisitely limited to the finished products that we give the president and others. now it describes so much of our activity. whether we are talking about an election, different types of operational activities, covert action, that analytic insight taking tactical advantage of the intelligence we get, as well as taking advantage of the increasingly rich, open-source environment so that we are better able to inform our activities and policymakers. analysis is becoming more and more the driver. >> thank you very much for a very informative session. terrorists are considered by many to be freedom fighters. have you distinguish terrorist action from criminal action? director brennan: quite frankly frequent lee and most option -- most foften they fall into both categories. if someone is carrying out a act of violence, which a terrorist often does in the belief of a nationstate, that constitutes terrorism according to most. definitions carrying out that act of the violence would be a criminal activity in most parts of the world. they are both. what we need to do is uncover whatever terrorist activities going on not only to protect our people but also to uphold the rule of law. we work closely with our partners, that even if a terrorist is not carrying out an attack on that country whether it is their financial institutions or borders, this is something that should be illegal and uncovered, uprooted, and criminalized back here. >>charlie: i will try to get to as many people as possible. [indiscernible] >> this administration continues to identify islamic extremism -- d do you think it is a good idea to try and resist thato -- do you think it is a good idea to try and resist that? director brennan: you need to know what you are fighting. these people are doing it because they believe it is consistent with what their view of islam is. it is totally inconsistent with what the overwhelming majority of muslims of the wortld describing it as islamic extremism really doesn'tbeliev e.do them the type of islamic legitimacy that they are so desperately seeking, which they don't deserve at all. they are terrorists, they are criminals, many of them are psychopathic thugs murderers who use a religious concept to masquerade and masking themselves in that religious construct. i think it does injustice to the tenants of religion when we attach a religious moniker to them. people i have spoke with throughout the middle east find it disgraceful that these individuals present themselves as muslims. i think we have to be very careful in our characterization, because the words that we use can have resonance. the things that we talk about publicly, islamic extremists, a lot of these individuals are proud of being referred to as islamic extremists. we don't want to give them any type of religious and legitimacy nothing they do has any basis in religion. >> hi, deana temple reston. we hear fighters joining every month in isil -- can you give us a better assessment of what is going on? director brennan: is neither black nor white here. i think we have a significant number of individuals who are traveling to iraq and syria trying to join up with forces with islil as well as attaching himself to franchises across the world. at the same time, the great image of isil in terms of its success in syria is being pierced. we see that they are having setbacks, we see there is dissension in the ranks. we see a lot of the requirements for having control of territory and having the responsibility to run it favorably. not really a strong suit of some of these thugs joining the bandwagon. we are seeing right now some very significant indicators that isil's engine is suffering. that does not mean it is out of steam, it means it is going through, i think, a phase of development, hopefully of its ultimate demise, that is consistent with other groups. charlie: what would you measure success? how would you measure success against isil? director brennan: i think the success has to be vented their furtherance in iraq and syria as well as trained to work with our partners to identify those elements cropping up in the region. those are the milestones. success is going to take time, is going to take years. in order to further diminish not just their capability, but also their attractiveness and appeal. we need to expose just how murderous and psychopathic these individuals are. charlie: let me get one in the back as well. [indiscernible] director brennan: as we know, the internet is a very large enterprise. trying to stop things from coming out there are political and eagle issues in the united states of concern. even giving that consideration doing it technically and preventing some things from servicing is quite challenging. we see a number of these organizations have been able to really post what they are doing on twitter. the ability to stop these things from getting out is very quite challenging. in terms of investigation of these issues, there has been unfortunately a very long multitier effort to try and pass cyber security legislation. there has been passage in the senate. i think it is overdue. we need to update our legal and policy structures. >> concerning the clear situation in iran, -- the nuclear situation in iran, -- director brennan: i will not get into specific details about the iranian nuclear program. what is taken into account in these negotiations is where this could take place and what are the procedures that will give us confidence that there was not going to be this type of production or capability outside of any type of inspection or regime. we need that verification. charlie: do you worry about a covert site you don't know about now? director brennan: i think we would always worry about that. yes. [indiscernible] >> is is now the time to bring some transparency to the system by saying that nontransparent systems and other institutions cannot have access to the american financial system? director brennan: there are a variety of reasons, some international financial activities that going on, terrorism being one of them. terrorists are quite creative in terms of what they take advantage of. other sectors of the u.s. government have been very effective working with international partners to try and uncovered and approved -- u ncover and uproot terrorists cartels, and others. but absolutely we do need to do more. charlie: behind you, and then you. [low audio] [indiscernible] director brennan: we have integrated a lot of the analytic elements. we have been able to bring to bear operational capabilities. we do it overseas a lot. we have individual, analysts and others who work on these issues. in the war zone, it is tremendously effective as far as ink able to make sure that we have the experts that can work with the operators. i believe it is important for us to be able to migrate that model into other areas. so we do not just wait for a crisis. i think we have the ability to bring that expertise, that capability in a way that preserves the independent objectivity, and integrity of analysis because cia is the central point within the u.s. and intelligence community to provide that objective analysis. from my experience, i headed up the analytic effort 20 years ago, we can maintain that objectivity and empower the other elements of the mission by bringing to bear that capability. charlie: i promise to get to the back. someone on the aisle, whoever can get closest to a microphone. [low audio] [indiscernible] director brennan: i am not engaging. the head of the force of iran. i am not. i am engaged with a lot of different partners. some of closed out like countries as well as some that would be engaged adversaries. engaged with the russians. we did a great job on working with the russians on sochi. we are also looking at the threat that isil poses the united states as well as russia. i try to take advantage of all the different partners that are out there because there is an alignment on some issues. and on proliferation as well as on terrorism and others as well. yes, sir. charlie: here, then here. [low audio] [indiscernible] director brennan: i think you are referring to the drawdown of u.s. military forces at the end of 2012. a lot of times people think that when the u.s. military leaves -- a lot of times that is when the intelligence mission has to begin. because we have to offset some of those losses. but we rely heavily and a lot of parts of the world including afghanistan, for a military footprint that allows us to nest within a security structure. so it is challenging, but the c.i.a. does not get to design all of our presence overseas. we have to take advantage of whatever opportunities we have an work in places where there is not an official u.s. p resence. charlie: here. we'll go back to the back as well. >> can you speak about the importance of capturing terrorist. are we doing that? where? how are we interrogating them now in today's day and age? director brennan: i think it is important that terrorists be captured. a lot of times they are captured and arrested in the united states. the bureau and others do a great job. what we need to be able to do is to work with our partners again to identify individuals and to have them captured. so there are places throughout the world where c.i.a. has worked with other intelligence services and has an able to bring people into cost the and -- into custody, and engaging debriefings. although there are not a lot of public piceseces on fox news. i know they like that. there are a lot of examples where we are getting some very good insight into what terrorist organizations are planning. a lot of times we rely on our partners services in order to have the understanding about what is going on in the country so they can elicit that information. charlie: here and then it will go to the back there. you are all raising your hand so i cannot distinguish between you. >> i will try to stand up. [indiscernible] [laughter] director brennan: it is tough sorting out the good guys and the bad guys, it is. human rights abuses, whether they take place on the part of isil or of militias or individuals who are working as part of security services needs to be exposed, needs to be stopped. in an area like iraq and syria there have been some horrific human rights abuses. this is something we need to be able to address. when we see it, we do bring it to the attention of authorities. we will not work with entities that are engaged in such activities. charlie: here. hyesyes, sir. right there. back to the back next. [low audio] [indiscernible] director brennan: the pdb is doing very well. charlie: this is the president's daily briefing. director brennan: i was the president's daily brief are in the clinton administration. had the honor to bring to the president every day, the intelligence jewels. the director of national intelligence is the president primary advisor. so he will go to the oval office and present the president's daily brief as well as any additional information. c.i.a. basically provides most of the input into that pdb. we have responsibility for that pdb that continue to endure. it is a very, very impactful -- charlie: so what is the difference in briefing bill clinton and barack obama? who asks the better questions? [laughter] director brennan: oh boy. theyre' two of the most impressive individuals i've had the opportunity to engage with. director brennan: having said that. charlie: having said that. director brennan: they have tremendous ability to absorb information. i was briefing president clinton on something. i would brief them on something new and he would be able to bring it back up and i would have forgotten it. the same thing with president obama. they both have arranges appetite for information. -- have voracious appetite for information charlie: president obama, have you seen an evolution of how he views national security? has there been an evolution and how he assesses threats to the united states, the tools he wants to use, his willingness to use force? director brennan: i certainly think there has been a natural evolution. any president who comes into office does not have any appreciation of what they are going to encounter. over six years, the president has faced more of the strategic and significant national security challenges than a lot of his predecessors. so i think he has gone to school pediatrics he understands the complexity. he also understands the interdependence of a number of issues as well as the importance and the imperative of working with a lot of our partners. the united ace does not have the unilateral ability to shape the world course event -- the course of world events. we have to work with our partners. i think the president, looking at whether it be terrorism or your or north korea or cyber issues, i think he recognizes just how complex the world is. what he has told me and the cia and the intelligence community is that we need to continue to evolve ourselves so we are better prepared to deal with the challenges ahead of us and not just dealing with the challenges of the 20th century. charlie: one more. back there in the middle. yes? [low audio] [indiscernible] however -- [laughter] [indiscernible] do you really not believe that there is in the modern community -- muslim community a worldwide caliphate group that has been operating -- p[[indiscernible] director brennan: i think within the muslim community over the course of decades centuries, millennia plus, there are elements that have a very extremist, radical, and i think warped perspective about what the role of their religion and how it has to don -- has to dominate. i think the same is true in a lot of other religions and cultures and societies. and i think those radicals and extremists find expression at different times throughout history and sometimes in a bloody fashion. but i would be very reluctant to try to interpret that then as something that is inherent to religion or cultural of a society -- or culture of a society. sometimes individuals develop these warped views based on a variety of conditions. we look at the people that are joining isil now. they come from all different backgrounds. some are educated. some who are just attracted to a war zone where they can carry out violent for whatever reason. so, i think we have to be thinking more about what are the dynamics that contribute to this. we have been facing this for millennia. in terms of how people will use violence to pursue their objectives. and unfortunately, i think religion has been one of the most common bandwagons that some of these individuals have jumped onto. but it is not specific to one religion or one society, one people. charlie: one less question i'm going to ask. beyond weapons of mass destruction, some have argued that the cia did not see the arab spring coming. it did not see ukraine. it did not see the rise of isil. if those were mistakes, why? director brennan: you said, if those were mistakes. i -- charlie: a lot believe they were. do you believe the cia saw the rise of those three things? director brennan: i think certainly we had identified a number of developments and trend s that were leading in that direction. whether it be the arab spring for years, the cia was pointing out how some of the authoritarian regimes in the middle east and the arab world were vulnerable to this type of popular reaction. were we able to determine and forecast that there was going to be a tunisian fruit salesman that was going to set tunisia on fire? no. but those conditions -- were something that was identified. i think it gets to the point that there have been so many developments recently. othe more populous. the traditional ways of intelligence collection may not lend themselves to this. having somebody in a senior government position was bring in our years might beginning us not the right perspective. we need to have a better sense of what is happening in the street. that is why looking to the social media and other things, we can maybe have a better sense of the parametric -- the condition of a country that would be more conducive to the forming of a storm. in ukraine, people say you did not just that putin was going to do this or that. we identified the pros and cons. clay friendly, i think putin -- quite frankly, putin as well as others have not determined their next chess move. so intelligence is not a panacea as far as having a crystal ball. what we need to be able to do is to help policymakers understand the forces at play and how certain development and actions may affect that calculus. that's what i think is important in the cia where we have so many challenges across the board. we have not even talked about africa and south america. venezuela and nigeria. we have this global mission. it requires us to have all different types of access to information. human sources. having insights, having expertise, being able to work with individuals in the council and other parts of the private sector that we will be able to flesh out our appreciation of developments. director brennan: john charlie: john, thank you for coming. announcer: next, ashton carter speaking to members of u.s. ever command. then warmer governor jeb making remarks at a house party in dover, new hampshire. and rand paul speaking to students about the criminal justice system. on the next " washington journal," a retired colonel, a former director of the national security agency has the late on the fight against isis. then a discussion about right to work laws with david matlin and mark mix president of the national right to work legal defense foundation. and the executive director of the fraternity and sorority political action committee kevin o'neill, offers his reaction to the recent incident at the university of oklahoma. and we will be taking your calls and you can join the conversation at facebook and twitter. " washington journal" live at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. announcer: here are some of our featured programs this weekend. saturday starting at 1:00 p.m. eastern, c-span 2's book tv is live for the tucson festival of books. featuring discussions on race and politics, the civil war, and by the nation magazine writers with call-in to route the day with authors. and sunday at 1:00, we continue our live coverage with panels on the obama administration, the future of politics, and the issue of concussions in football. saturday morning at 9:00 eastern, on american history tv on c-span 3 we are live from longwood university in farmville, virginia, for this extent annuals divorce seminar -- annual civil war seminar. sunday morning at 9:00, we continue our live coverage with remarks on the surrender of the confederacy and the integration of confederates to brazil. find our complete television schedule at c-span.org. and let us know you think about the programs you are watching. call us at -- email us at -- or send us a tweet. join the c-span conversation. like us facebook, follow us on twitter. announcer: defense secretary ashton carter addressed servicemen and women at the u.s. cyber command in fort meade thanking them for their service and talking about assimilating what he called a new breed of warrior into the military kid answered questions about his priorities as rick perry of defense. the commander of u.s. cyber com and nsa director mike rogers introduced secretary carter. his remarks are 25 minutes. director rogers: ladies and gentlemen, the secretary of defense. thank you all very much for taking your time from a busy day to spend time with an individual who is making a difference for our department and the nation. we are blessed to be joined by the 25th secretary of defense, secretary ash carter who joins us at fort meade early in his tenure and who is uniquely positioned to build on the work he did in his previous time in the department to take cyber to an even greater level of capability and servie ce to the nation. i hope he's energized and his time with us to see how the initial work he was a part of -is- has become a reality. secretary, thank you very much for your time, sir. [applause] secretary carter: thank you. first of all, thank you, admiral rogers. we count ourselves very lucky to have you in charge here. we count ourselves very lucky to have each and every one of you i see in front of me. i have been learning some today about getting really updated on the development of cyber com. and also nsa. the two magnificent institutions represented here. that you all serve. we are so grateful you serve. this is in fact the first troop event i have done as secretary of defense in the united states. there is a reason for that. and that is the importance of what you're doing to our department and our country. that should tell you something about how vital the mission is that you all have taken on. how important it is for the security of our country and for that matter, the attorney -- the security of our economy and our people in their individual lives. cyber touches all aspects of their lives. so, if you do nothing else and get nothing else out of this encounter today, i want you to do one thing which is to go home tonight or make a call or tweet at your family, or do whatever you people do -- but in whatever medium you use please tell them that you were thanked today by the leadership of the department and through us the entire country for what you do. we don't take it for granted. you are what we wake up up every morning -- for every morning. your service your sacrifice your professionalism and your welfare and that of your family's is all we do. that is all we care about. and we are soo grateful for it. and with all that is going on in the world, iraq ukraine, the asia pacific, the domain that you protect, cyberspace is presenting us with some of the most profound challenges both from a security perspective and from an economic perspective. the president had a cyber security summit a few weeks ago. which you could see that our national leadership at every level is really seized with the need to get on top of this problem. so cyber, which is what you do, is a marriage of the best people and the newest technology. and that being the case, and it being the case that there is a high demand for both of those things, the best people and the newest technology across the country, means that we, and i know this, we, as a government and the department and a military, need to be open to that, those sources of good people and new technology. we need to be open in order to be good in this field. and that means we need to build bridges to society bridges t hat aren't as necessary and other fields of warfare they do not have a civilian or a commercial counterpart. to the extent that this field does. we have to build bridges and rebuild bridges. to the rest of our society. and that means we need to be open. and of course we cannot be open given what you do in the traditional sense. but we need to be open to new ideas. we need to be open to people. you cannot always tell them what we are doing, but we need to be open enough with our government so that it knows what it is doing, so that its its official can turn to our people and say i'm hard. i cannot tell you everything. you would not want me to tell you everything. that's being done to protect you because that would undermine our ability to protect you. but you should trust that your senior officials and your elected officials are acting on your behalf. i think we do have that trust. that people do understand that what you are doing for them is necessary and being done in an appropriate manner. we need to be open generationally. we need to be open to a new generation. because we need the young. and uh, to be attracted to our mission. we need people who grew up with technology that was not available when i was growing up. and therefore have a sixth sense about it which i can never have. and that will be true when even those of you who are now young people in front of me who are so's monthly nodding your head -- so smuggly nodding your head you, too, will be overcome by new technology at some point. then also will need a new generation. so our institution in general. in order to be really good at anything but especially good at what you do, we need to be open to a younger generation. your leaders know that. i have talked to them about that. and we know that that's the only way we are going to continue to have an elite core of people like the ones who are sitting in front of me right now. and i actually think that in that regard, the development of the cyber workforce which we are working on now can be a model for other things we do in the department. the freshness of approach, the constant effort to stay up reinvent that your we are looking to you in a sense as a model and a trailblazer for many other things we do in the department. one of the things i have said, i'm determined to bring up to our department is openness to new ideas, the only way we will remain what we are today, which is the greatest fighting force the world has ever known, we will. for the institutions that you joined, be they military services or field agencies or new commands, they are trying to figure out how to welcome this new breed of warrior to the ranks. what is the right day to do that? had you fit in? i had lunch with some of you earlier, and we were talking about how this skill set and this professional orientation fits into the traditional armed services. it does not fit into the additional armed services. we have to figure out how to get it to fit in so that you all have the full opportunity to bring to bear on your careers expertise at you gain here and sense of mission that you felt here and carry it into the future. i know that is a challenge in front of us. you all feel it in your individual careers. i am determined that we can create that fit, but that comes with doing something new and different and exciting, you are going to be pathfinders but we will find a path together. you are, whether you are civilians, military, contractor, all parts of our workforce. we regard you as on the front lines in the same way that lastly, i was in afghanistan and we have people in the front lines there. it is the front line of today's effort to protect our country and, while you may not be at risk as -- in the way our forces in afghanistan are, we require if you the level of the factionalism and dedication, and i know you show that and we count on it. nsa and cybercom, one around for a long time, and one pretty brand-new. the honest truth is that it is a work in progress, we are working out that relationship. my view is that we are doing the right thing and having the leadership of those organizations be in the same place and, one way of thinking about that is, we do not have enough good people like you to spread around. we need to cluster our hits as a country. that is what the reasons why we will keep these two together, at least for now. i want you to know that, in addition to thinking about how you are organized, a big priority of mine is going to be to make sure you are getting the training and equipment and resources you need. this is a high-priority area. if you read about sequester, which is a terrible, stupid thing that we are doing to ourselves, i have nothing good to say about it, but i think that even in the era of sequester, we understand that this mission is one we cannot afford not to keep investing in. that means that that fact, together with our determination to help you chart rewarding, lasting careers, in this field -- those two things together on to tell you also how much we value what you do.e one last point, and this is something that will kn mind our flow citizens and for that matter, the rest of the world. we build our cyber mission to defend the openness of cyberspace, to keep it free. we are the ones who stand with those who create and innovate. gainst those who would steal and destroy. that is the kind of country we are that is the kind of cyber force we are. we are going to execute our mission while being as transparent as possible, because that is also who we are. that is why i wanted my remarks to you to be public, because we are being filmed here, that is an unusual thing for you, and i know some of you cannot be seen on television because of the nature of your work. it is rare that media come into the premises of this organization. but i wanted not only wanted you to know -- but i not only wanted you to know how important what you do is for the country, but for everybody else to get that as well. what that means, i suppose, is that even though -- even if you forget or to lazy or for some other reason do not tell your family that you were thanked today, they will learn anyway. [laughter] so i suggest you beat the media to the punch and, once again, go home, call home, call a friend and say, today i was thanks by the leadership of my department and, through them, by the country for what i do. all the net. thank you very much. [applause] there are two microphones here which, in nsa fashion, our only connected by wires through the floor. have at it. any subject at all, any question or comment -- yes? fink: in a budget constraint environment, what are your top priorities? secretary carter: first and foremost, people. that has got to be number one, but those, because that is what makes our military the greatest in the world. it is also technology and a lot of other things, but first and foremost, it is people. that is something we need to keep investing in. i know that is not the only investment we make and we have to have a balanced approach to defense spending, because each of you wants not only to be adequately compensated but you want to have other people to your left and right, you want to have the best equipment, and you don't want to go into action without the best training. each of us wants to see some balance in how we spend the defense dollar. it is not just a matter of money. it does matter of caring about our people, make each of the safety and dignity of our people is respected, and all of those things. number one, for me, is people. the second thing i would say is we need to be an open institution. the way we are going to stay excellent is to be the most excellent part of society, and to do that, you have to be pulling the best of society. you guys are superb. this is by people want to hire veterans so much, because you are all so good. i know that is another problem and it only being hired away. and i can't stop you. the reason people want to hire you is because you are so darn good. >> you spoke of military trying to fit in with respective branches? where the possibilities of establishing a cyber branch of service? secretary carter: that is a very good question and we have asked ourselves that overtime. there may come a time when that makes sense. for now, we are trying to build upon our strengths. we are trying to draw from where we already are strong. not to take too many jumps organizationally, at once. why is cybercon here? as we didn't want to start over somewhere else. maybe there will come a day when these two things will be so strong and different that they will need to be in the same place, but that is not now. there was a question and nationally about why we use so many uniformed people. they do we should use more civilians. we started we thought we had strength. i think you have to look at this as the first step in a journey that may, over time, lead to the decision to break out cyber the way the army air corps became the u.s. air force. although that still has service parts to it. we are trying to get the best of both. armed services give us years of crowd tradition, a whole system of recruiting, training. it is not something you walk away from and say, you are going to start all over. it may come to that, and i think it is an excellent, thoughtful question. we have given some thought to that, and for right now, we are walking before we run. that is one of the futures that cyber might have. >> good afternoon. my question is in regard to cyber and authority. the massive amount of our work is done with network demonstrators. currently, most of what we report on is recommendations. what is your vision to make those recommendations a requirement for network administrators? secretary carter: that is also a very insightful question. it is sent to a fundamental issue. let's put out on the table. the information networks that it is cybercom's first responsibility to protect -- there is no point in me buying all these ships and planes and tanks if none of them are going to work to read our kids aren't going to work unless there are networks that stitch the whole thing together. we have got to got to got to make our networks secure. if you fall in on a network, and say there are a whole bunch of people working on december, they are responding to people calling the helpdesk and driving them crazy with a problem they cannot figure out, people who want more and more and more, want faster and want to add to people, they are trying to juggle a lot -- many of them are administering networks that are outdated. and have been around for a long time. there is can it be attention -- there is going to be a tension. we go into this with our wives -- with our eyes wide open. i will stand with you on the side of requiring protection because it is not adequate network administration to downplay security. you are leaving it open to risk. we cannot have that. if all the network owners and operators were good at protecting themselves, we wouldn't have to -- right? --we would not have to have these texas. but they are not. -- these national force protectors. but they are not. we are counting upon extra-proficient people to help them. there will always be a little tension when you show up at the door and they have a problem but you got to do what you got to do because they are no good to us if they are penetrated or vulnerable. i think that is all i can take for right now. let me once again thank you. and please pass that on. [applause] i would like to look each and every one of you in the eye and say thank you and a very personal way. you also get one of the new carter coins, which are hotly minted, and the price hasn't been run down on ebay yet. [laughter] >> [indiscernible] [no audio] >> the gridiron club hosts its annual dinner saturday in washington dc. it was founded by newspaper editors, and it is the oldest journalistic corporation in a capital city. their annual white tie affair is closed to cameras. it features sketches and songs. we spoke with the president clarence page about his role and what goes on with the dinner. he also explains why the club prevents cameras. >> clarence page, a columnist for the chicago tribune and the president for the gridiron club this year. >> let's talk about the club itself, who are its members? >> the club was started in 1885 by a newspaper reporter here in washington who i like to think started it because of the top of the society in washington would not let them join their clubs. it started with three reporters from philadelphia as i understand. ever since then, the active membership has been less -- limited to 50 people. there are what are called associate members, who are perhaps not full-time journalist, or retired members who still maintain what we call associate membership. there are also people who are informally called, ringers, who are not journalist, but have good voices. they make a sound good. -- they make us sound good. this is been going on for a 130 years now. it has only recently opened up to non-newspaper people. the late, great, tim russert was a journalist, a great nbc anchor, now we have opened up to the internet. we have john dickerson from slate, who is also a cbs news. we try, once in a while to actually move up into modern times. i think the gridiron is at its best when we can stick with the old white tie traditions. we are about the only bastion besides congressman aaron schock's office who still holds the white tire tradition. >> when did the club begin to accept women question >> back in the 70's, before my time. also, behind the rest of society. you found that press organizations, the national press club etc. did not really open up to women and minorities until the 1960's. the gridiron and other organizations opened up to african-americans before women. as i understand, the story was kay graham, the publisher of the washington post, decided after the urging of other women to boycott the gridiron club dinners until they opened up their mentorship to women. that sent a shockwave through the organization. the old-timers told me that there was perhaps no even in gridiron history that cause more internal division of argument discussion, etc.. but, they relented, women have not only done well at the gridiron, but have also been president, and then wonderful members like everyone else. even us old, stylesheet, mail, conservative throwbacks to earlier times can move up in the 21st century once in a while. >> where does the name come from? whack's that is a funny thing. the gridiron name comes from the motto of the club which is, the gridiron singes, but does not burn. that refers to satirical humor aimed at political figures that we lampoon. the actual gridiron is the club's symbol which back in 1892, was when washington was electrified. a big gridiron symbol was electrified very dramatically -- it was turned on during annual dinner. we carry on with the speech in the dark. it was delivered at the beginning of the dinner. the gridiron itself is turned on, and gives a dramatic effect. that is the main reason for it. i say it is amusing, because even at the beginning, a lot of people hearing about a gridiron dinner expected football stars. sometimes they do appear as guest. the that has nothing to do with the club itself. >> lumia asked about the membership issue? if you leave journalism, are you still a member? >> if you leave journalism, no. you have to stay in the confines of journalism professionally. because there are so many new media coming along, satellite operations, digital media that journalist are involved in now. the question of who is a journalist is a subject of debate in general society, and the club. however journalists define the member must be a full-time active working journalist. >> as a journalist and organization, you fight for openness yet it is close to cameras. exit is interesting. the subjects of having cameras and the gridiron is in debate. it is something, let me say, the practical reason. because it was and is still a very intimate gathering of newsmakers, journalist, and families etc. a night to let one's hair down so to speak. initially the cameras couldn't see us gallivanting around and wigs and costume. usually we sang songs off key, but still spirited. do we want that public image getting out out of context. would it be counterproductive. would it inhibit what goes on in the room? over time, we have developed a system whereby the stitches are on the record -- speeches are on the record. they are publicly released. for a long time it was through our press releases. now, we have opened up to print full coverage. we work with the white house correspondents association and the white house. in 2012, that was the first time we let a print journalist in to get a full report. that is been expanded to the wires, this year. we will have five reporters there. they cannot shoot with even cell phone cameras. we have a no tweeting it rule. no instagram. which i number of our members think is a laxative. i try to keep video and audio out. the question is, these are public -- are public figures speaking. we have a spokesperson for the republican, democratic parties. these are the folks who should be publicly accountable. we think it is sufficient to have them accountable through print. they are just telling jokes. these are not official policy announcements. we think it is a good argument for the exception in this case. one does not necessarily have to have full coverage. someday, i suppose the club may open up like other organizations and have full video coverage. i think it is going to lose something. there is a general agreement, it would lose something special. are we going to be different from the white house correspondents association. we would be different in terms of rituals, programs, and white time. -- white tie. the atmosphere that allows people to feel more relaxed, and more they are rp in a town that has so much rancor and political bickering. that would be lost. the argument goes on. >> outside of the dinner, are there rules for membership for those who are part of it. how meet members do you have question mark >> active members probably 60. the actual requirements for membership basically is that of being a working journalist in american media. it is not open to people who are insularity -- ancillary. in this digital age, who is not reporting? that gets fuzzy. >> let's talk about the dinner. who gets invited question mark this is the third time the president has been in attendance. how are you able to get him? >> number one, we invite who the members wants. we have an auction list. it is newsmakers, public and private celebrities who are a lot of people want to invite. we don't want a dozen members inviting the same person. we do an auction ceremony where we pull numbers out of a hat. that gives you the right to choose ahead of other people who you want to invite. it takes a little while, but it does work well for us. i think there are other folks who are not on the list. each member of the club gets to invite a certain number of people. each member basically starts with four. the as president, i have an unlimited amount of people i can invite. i can afford to pay for the tickets. that is the one benefit of being president, besides being the center of attention for a whole evening, whether i want to or not. the president of the united states comes, he or she is the center had we get the president there through formal invitation, cajoling as possible. we find people who know the president, and get to them. presidents since grover cleveland who was in office when the club was founded, no one could convince him to come. he didn't get along that well with the media. every president since then has come and said the gridiron as a honored guest. we give the president the last word. no matter what is said before, how much lampooning goes on, the president is the last word. it is viewed as important enough for them to come -- not every year. jimmy carter came. ronald reagan came every year. his wife performed famously singing secondhand clothes to the tune of secondhand rose. she turned her image around. people had an image for as a stuffy. america appreciated her afterwards. that was one case where photos did leak out somehow. these things -- to the white house. >> clarence page of the chicago tribune, president of the gridiron club this year. thank you for your insights. >> thank you. >> next, former governor jeb bush making remarks at a house party in dover, new hampshire. then rand paul speaks to students at the university. after that, john brennan on his agency's efforts to strengthen information gathering. >> of this week, c-span is a new hampshire for road to the work desk white house coverage of several candidates. on saturday just before noon, wisconsin governor scott walker at a republican party grassroots workshop. and sunday night, senator ted cruz at the annual lincoln reagan dinner. road to the white house 2016, on c-span. the sunday on q and a him a dr. adrian fu barman, director of the watchdog project on how our masuda coal companies prescribed vacation. >> the promotion of a drug actually starts 7-10 years before a drug comes on the market. while it is illegal for a company to market a dry before it has been approved by the fda it is not illegal to market a disease. drug companies are sometimes inventing diseases, or exaggerating the importance of certain conditions, or exaggerated the importance of a particular mechanism of a drug for example. they have blanketed medical journals and medical meetings, and other venues with these messages that are meant to prepare the minds of clinicians to accept a particular judge -- drug. and also to prepare the minds of consumer to accept a particular condition. >> sunday night, at 8:00 on c-span's q and a. >> former governor jeb bush was in dover, new hampshire at a house party. the former chair of the new hampshire republican party. the former governor says he is considering a run for the presidency and and and and and and (crowd noise) >> he took the time to invite his family and friends and he's not a supporter of governor bush. this is his house. [laughter] >> we got to earn it like everybody. he went out of his way to invite his family and friends and his neighbors and you're welcome to. do the courtesy do the cullens the courtesy to go to the back of the room and let the friends in. please, go to the back please. thank you very much. folks, come up please. friends, neighbors. please press to the back. please, folks come forward. new hampshire folks come forward. don't be shy. come not up. >> may i have your attention, please. thank you very much. thank you all for being here. jenny and i are so grateful. house parties are such an important part of our primaries here in new hampshire. candidates or potential candidates come and meet with voters in small group setings and make sure case and answer our questions and rise or fall in their own merits many. it has serves our country very well over the last many decades. we're especially honored to host governor bush since he is thinking about running next year. the fact that he wanted to do a house party of part of his first visit sends an important message about the kind of campaign he might run in new hampshire if he becomes a candidate here. i want to recognize a couple people and hold your applause until a little bit later. the mayor of dover, karin weston is here. john o'connor is here. here's our mayor. and doris is here. she's in her eighth decade as an educatedor serving her 27th year on the school board and a true marvel. i need to thank my wife jenny. when we walking about having a house party i think she may have had something smaller in line. i want to recognize my mother and father-in-law. i'm very lucky and my mom and dad who are over here. govern bush we share something in common. we have strong tough mother's. you haven't had a chance to meet my mom and daddy hope you have that opportunity tonight. four years ago in the last primary season we had a lot of candidates running but not serious credible candidates and if govern bush were become candidate, i like the fact that he was a successful fiscally conservative governor of a big and diverse state florida. i appreciate too he's been a leading voice on fixing our broken immigration system that welcomed most people. please welcome me in joining governor jeb bush >> this is my inaugural voyage that looks like this at least. so i'm really honored to be here. thank you all for coming. there is probably fun things and i'm humbled to hear me talk. before i start i want to talk about myself because people know me as george's boy and barbara's and george w.'s brother. i'm proud of that. i was born in mid land texas and i was there and barbara bush was there. i didn't know at the time but i won the lottery. if i know if i go beyond the consideration running i barbara bush was there. i didn't know at the time but share my hart in a have sevens that i care about ideas. my life experience has been driven through my wife. actually i fell madly in love with her and just gave me direction and purpose ask and allowed -- first of all i wanted to marry her so i had to figure out how to make a living. i got out of school in two years and started and i worked most of my adult life without missing a week off. that experience has been part of the live. other part is i signed a front page of a page check. we need more people which is the heart beat of our country because we seethat it's harder to have a chance to have rising income. for any of the young people i got two pieces for young people that are interested in politics. run for governor. don't settle not nearly as interesting and run gets the fat can't dat if you can, because it's easier. better to have a chance to win. i have a chance to serve. when i was a candidate for governor in 1998 i had deeply weld views. tell the story. my view didn't change much between '94 and '94. but he so i twoept visit 250 schools and it was a spectacular experience. people saw me for who i was. i stood my ground and i learned a. i learned the need to perform our schools in a human context and give me the chance to do it. and then florida we have led the nations in rise of student achievement particularly kids in pofverty poverty. 57% free and reduce the lunch we have a growing number that are pore which is fine if we get it right. so changing thaez big wing to do it as govern err we correct eight tkpart prer schools we advanced early childhood literacy, the tkpwabz didn't start early. we hit it on all cylinders and florida did see big gains he cut taxes to the tune of 19 million doll dollars. we reduced the costs and the net effect of this was we had 1.3 million net new jobs. i was part of the 13,000 decrease in job because and people's person income grew faster and only state that went to a a a because we were frugal. they called me sreut tor crow /* sreut tor veto. you don't have to be angry and you can do that draw dz people towards our clause. in this country you have to win and go out to ef walk of liv. but one that is unified and one that says everybody should a chance too rise up. everybody should have the got given eulz. at a's the mission i'm on andible this country is on the precipice. nothing will stop this country. we pause and reflect on our greatness. the ability do things that defies the tphapblg nation of the rest of the worlt. if we could that this will be a great time to be young. i'd rather be your age than min. with that i appreciate. this is up close and personal >> i appreciate what do you think is the biggest misconception >> the federal takeover of ed kaeulgs and best way to disflowings is the no indication tpepg the federal government should have never to do with content directly or indirect i nothing to do with curriculum directly or inexhibitingly. common core standards are higher than many states. and as they have been 'em praised if say don't want to them, then, fine. call them sunshine stake sands ardz. simple familiar is, we've tkpupl things and behave the net effect we have an 80% tkprad weighings rate in high school. but about a third of our kids or career ready who is fooling here here. we're giving this piece of paper that says you're a high school graduate but then go to the community college sorry you'll have to take high school reading and high. are we going to be a great nation that has high err aspirations or are we going to say no, it's someone else's false. the kids have the talent do this. we have the teufpers do this so an element is important. by itself. i hate the poisonous environment what we ought to be focusing robust choice and answer and that's my passion and all in on that. i seen what happens do this when you implement this the union i tried to find common ground and i couldn't. i was the poster child in the reel election. i fortunately won re-election but it's hard to get through these things. to make it work. no one can redid he fly them because bewe had these reforms that really worked. >> you talked about iowa leading in invasion and technology. >> i've been in a loft of business tours in my real life. there innovation across the board. ing a culture in general on how innovative and technologically driven it is. for having board. ing a culture problems grow in troeut troeut . we think technology normally means this area around here southern tphoeufpl and silicon obviously, but technology is great there are great companies in florida. as it relates to my statement you go out -- if you go to everywhere there's risen credible stuff happening. i went to see is great there are great companies in florida. as it the guns who run uber. i found amazing that he pupld up his own come paoupl err and he showed mow the number of uber cars that were in my home down of miami and showed me which were violating the of taupling oop eventually they'll all go away. we're living in a world of abun didn't opportunity. are children going to be beneficiaries or overwhelmed by it. that's the big challenge for america. our system of government needs to be fitched so we start building for what the future looks like, where it's oeur benefit rather than detriment. >> are you a reporter? >> i am building for what the future looks like, where it's oeur benefit rather than detriment. >>sir. >> we'll get with you guys later. >> as president how would you address energy and security >> the question is how would i secure or climate security. i think the role of the federal government needs narrowed to one specific knelled only the federal government can do which is basic research. they didn't have a ventured arm picking winners and losers that is a total we saw howed about it was of the that's not the role of government. to advance the cause of technologies and energy over the long haul knelled only the federal government can do which is basic research. they didn't have just as we do with i.n.i.h. this a legitimate role, beyond that i think we need to encourage what the feed stock for power phrapbdz and are we -- all the energy we for the far better. the best example of this is the obvious one. natural gas prices with doubled and the end was near. to bring in expensive lick wide natural gas to supply our natural tkpwadz needs in this region. those are abanned. three that were four built they were tkpwofpblt because what happens a guy named george mitchell took two existing technologies and created a revolution and we have gone from less ten years of fly to now over a 100 years and gone from double digits down to down and $three significantly lowerer than the equivalent price for oil. american at its best pursue their dreams. and creates opportunities for all of us. the oil sector has created enormous enormous continues to do so. not only has carbon been reduced because this. and have seen a disease because natural gas has less co2 ephaoegss certainly within a decade with northern resources, canada mexico and the united states. we would have the lowest cost energy. the benefit is that we would reindustrial they and thes allow to have a heavy foot fingerprint if we didn't want to have it. and it would way louse to natural gas and oil to deal with the instability of the world. i'm not sure we need a bench much industrial planner to be able to do that. i would rather have thousand george mitchells creating the kind of rather haveinnovation. yes, ma'am. >> governor, last seurpl we lost jim foley to isis. it was a wake-up call my limited understanding right now because of obama our border is far more wide open than it's ever been. what would you do if you were elected president, but beyond that two years is a long time in what can we would do? >> encourage the congress pass a badge it and the strategy to be effective on that second there's got more money on the part of this that gives you as much concern that 40% of there needs to be a much better mechanism of when the visa expires to either have it the renewed, or for the person to leave. that needs to be the first priority. there is no trust, especially with the obama and his station to do anything else until we are serious about that. whether it is public health threats, not as national as security threats, and the basic concept of the rule of law, this has to be a high priority for sure. thaen it you can get to the broken immigration system, which makes it more economically driven. we have a system today where 80% of all legal immigrants, through family petition. it is a noble thing, don't get me wrong. but we have the broadest