incidents like power outages, industrial fires, and hazardous require apills will presidential disaster declaration and will attract worldwide attention to a state. how a governor addresses a crisis, be at large or small, is critical and will have tremendous implications for the citizens of their states and the future of their governorship. >> keep yourselves safe and use common sense. >> we're dealing with unprecedented circumstances here. we are talking six or seven feet of snow and 14 days. >> waters are going to continue to rise in many areas. this is no time to let your guard down. with this unprecedented snowfall, we've been moving aggressively to access resources from around the region to support our cities and towns. again, i ask that everyone who is able please help out. >> the immediate need is to restore calm and peace in the city, make people feel safe. >> as your governor, i call on each of us as oregonians and as , and gun violence now. >> i'm extremely encouraged by the amount of cooperation we have gotten from people. executives, governments take their responsibilities seriously in times of relative stability and in times of crisis. nga is a key resource that can help governments and their teams repair to weather the day today and be extraordinary. >> that is a helpful reminder of all of our responsibilities, and is certainly reminded me of some governors who have done extraordinary work and provided incredible leadership during times of crisis. as chair of the nga's homeland security security and public safety committee, i'm honored to share today's session, preparing resilient communities. our committee vice chair, governor brown of oregon, could not be with us today, but we are honored to have my good friend, governor john bel edwards, to fill in for her. governor, welcome. he is my neighbor. he is a great colleague, despite a few aggravations in sec sports. thank you for joining us today, and we have an agenda, so we will get to it. we have, as will be introduced shortly, the director of fema 100michael berkowitz from resilient cities. as you can see from the video, virtually every state gets hit at one time or another by a catastrophe or natural disaster. in arkansas, we have most recently had flooding. if missouri would just contain a lotwater, we would be better off. 44 counties work designated as federal disaster areas, most recently in arkansas, as a result of the flooding problems. i did want to mention any time you had a natural disaster, emergency communication is one .f the critical areas i understand the importance of want to remind governors we have 90 days after the submission of the plan from first to either opt in or opt out. i made the decision and announced it this week that we opted in for the first net initiative representing arkansas. it comesned that when to our flooding in arkansas, the follow-up is just as critical. i want to express my appreciation to fema for their early work and assessments making the judgments as to what qualifies and the assistance that is provided, but i am following up with our levee system. levees can be operated by our core of injured air's. they can be privately or publicly operated, and the coordination that levee system, if it is not coordinated well flooding.o even more fema willope today educate us on all of this as well as our other speaker, and i know we will have a good dialogue with everyone as they ask questions. governor edwards, i know you will have some things to add, and i welcome you as you introduce these speakers as well. governor edwards: thank you, governor hutchinson. asm probably not as pretty the governor from oregon, but i will do the best i can. in louisiana, we had and challenged a lot and often. you all know about hurricane katrina. certainly, that was the biggest single challenge, but we have been challenged many times in the last year. we have more experience than we would like in this area. what we've learned is you cannot wait for the federal government, even though you want to have a good partnership, and we have been able to achieve good partnerships, you simply cannot wait for them to provide the answers to the challenges associated with severe flooding, but relationships do matter, and governors to get to know personally their federal coordinating officer at fema, the regional administrator, and certainly, administrator brock long. since i took office in 2016, louisiana has received four , and 57 ofclarations our parishes have been declared disaster areas, mostly from flooding. currently, i can tell you , which isglaring gap in temporaryg inessential power was essential by creating a program that actually does not fit within the confines of the stafford act and subsequent federal regulations. the state, working with the step guidelines, developed the .helter at home program the program provides minimal repairs, temporary repairs safely to make a home habitable, safe, and secure so that you do not have entire communities who are depopulating, which is something we did experience with hurricane katrina. theter at home purchased state and resident resiliency. the home did not suffer from old and infestation and become otherwise abandoned it on, so they were able to return home. we have continued to work with fema and worked to make it permanent. cane make it permanent, you have contracts before disasters hit, and you can negotiate those contracts and get a better price, and that saves time, effort, and energy after the storm when you have to sit down with fema to negotiate the parameters of the program and request forto proposals and receive bids and award the contract. you would be able to get to that much faster. know administrator long is working on this, but manufacturing housing units, where they are available in date , that they be able to -- that states be able to purchase and inn be reimbursed from fema accordance with strict guidelines. we have lots of challenges around resiliency in a state that suffers from coastal erosion, and we need more resources, so resiliency is a .uge issue for us i'm going to stop here because i know we have to get to our guest, and i'm going to introduce, and we are very proud to have with us today administrator brock long, who is the administrator of fema. we know you have a hard stop at noon, so i want to make sure the other old here know that as well. and then michael berkowitz, president of 100 resilient cities. both of you in the state of louisiana and your agencies, your entities, have made a tremendous difference for my citizens, so i want to thank you very much for that and thank you for being here, and the program is now yours. governors.hank you, it is truly an honor to be here. it is an honor to serve the nation in this capacity. i'm a diplomat by nature, and one thing you will get from the is working through the issues. i want to organize fema in a way that helps you achieve your repaired this and recovery goals -- preparedness and recovery goals. i believe we fail together, and we cannot afford for that to happen, so we have to design programs in a manner that does increase resiliency. is incredibly active. even though we are not in the news much right now, we're actually working 24 different disasters. to expedite this because we should render a quick decision as fast as we can to let you know what type of assistance is available. regarding resilience, what scares me the most is i do not believe we built a true culture within ourness citizens. i believe we have what i call hazard amnesia. we have had some bad disasters -- sandy, matthew, flooding -- but one of the things that keeps me up at night is this nation has not seen the devastation of a major land falling hurricane since 2005. we have notthink seen the worst. i go to sleep with that every night. fema cannot do this alone. with yourartner state. i have to understand the gaps in each of you faces and how we can meet in the middle, how we can help you to overcome those gaps or how we maximize disaster .ecovery ending -- funding what i do not want to do is come to your state, set up joint field offices, spent a lot of money, and repeat the cycle over and over again. hopefully, the experience is positive and we leave you better and stronger for the next time we have to face it. achieving resiliency is a partnership. i look at resiliency in two different hots. there is the citizen, and there is the public infrastructure side. public infrastructure side, it is amazing to me to on average puts out about $8 billion a year in recovery funding to rebuild after the disaster. how do we get that money up front? how do we put that money up front is the question i ask, so there was a period between 2011 report4 where a gao found that fema put out $3.2 billion in post disaster mitigation funding in that three-year period. during the same timeframe, we were able to cough up $222 million on the predisaster side. it is flip-flopped. it should be backwards. i do believe that predisaster mitigation is the key to reducing future disaster cost. let's invest now, and let's put it forward. be fema funding alone. it has to be a priority in state as well as local budgets. having served as a cabinet director for the alabama emergency management agency, i on stated the demands budgets. i understand that is hard. i get that, but i do believe we have to focus on the predisaster. i need your help helping us understand how to navigate that. it will require the help of congress to be able to move some of that to the front side. citizens, as io said earlier, i'm not sure our be ready programs have hit the mark. something very sensitive and something to talk about is i believe asset poverty -- not poverty, asset poverty, your ability to put your hand on cash -- many americans cannot do it. many of our campaigns are saying go out, be ready, by all these supplies for the next three days. that is important, but it may be unrealistic in many communities, and we have to rethink that and form different partnerships with department of education and others train people to have their own rainy day fund. the other thing we have to look at is we call our citizens disaster victims. we call them disaster survivors. i look at our citizens as the true first responder. is notity of times, fema a first response agency. we do not roll in, we are not after the disaster. it takes time for us to come into place, and there's a whole process that takes place. if you look at cyber attacks, if you look at active shooter in alabama after a tornado hits, your neighbor was likely the first one to do search and rescue. so we have to think about the way we train our citizens and refocus these programs to give them life-saving skills. cpr.back to how to shut off the water valves to your homes. how can they do simple search and rescue. i think we have to take a comprehensive look at what we are asking citizens to do but empower them to be part of that response, get them included in our training exercise as well. in closing, i'm going to keep it there. governor edwards hit the nail on the head. we had so much capability that we can bring down. it is my job to coordinate the federal government down through you governors ultimately to the entity command level. we only have so much we can bring to the table. example, there's only so many manufactured homes available right now, and it takes a certain amount of time to get many of them build, so how to we do things smarter from the standpoint of how we make sure we implement proper rapid , how do we keep people in their homes without having to bring temporary housing onto those locations. are we maximizing economy sharing platforms such as airbnb ? if you can rent them, that is the best thing to do in many cases. when the rural areas are hit, the only option is a manufactured home, and i get that, but i believe it is my to give guidance. i believe you guys can control your own destiny a little bit more by setting up the right contracts, if it's hiring terms to help you navigate disaster recovery cost, or setting up your own vendor management logistics systems, there have to be private companies that do water every day in your states, signing demo you's -- signing withu -- signing mou's them so you are rolling forward the first 24, 48 hours until i can backfill the system on logistics and let me reimburse hours --hat first 4800 48, 100 hours. we have to clearly say here are some of the things you can do is no cost retainer contracts until they are turned on to be a little more prepared and to help the system as we go forward. i'm going to stop there. one more thing -- recovery is fragmented. it is incredibly fragmented in this country. there are studies where everyone is saying reduce the disaster cost, which i believe we can do that, and a lot of that is by reducing complexity. there's over 200 different policies that guide fema alone, and it is tough for local governments to keep up with all of that. the other thing is that fema is not the only one providing hunting. there are numerous funds out there. there's economic injury loans. there's the army corps of engineers. one of the big data systems that help governors understand how to formulate their recovery goals and maximize all that funding to do the greatest good when it comes down and becomes available -- i don't think as a nation we have actually come together to do that, and i want to help. i want to figure out. i've got to stretch across our federal partners to figure out how we work in concert with one another but also say, governor hutchinson, based on this disaster you had and the impacts you are experiencing, here's the best way we would encourage you to help, but i don't know how arkansas should be covered better than you. but we've got to be able to figure out how to use that funding now, so i will stop there. thank you. berkowitz: thank you, governor hutchinson, governor edwards. i'm michael berkowitz, president of 100 resilient cities. we are funded by the rockefeller foundation to build urban resilience in 100 cities around the world. we actually have 100 cities in 48 countries across six continents, so i greatly appreciate the ability to take a train a couple of hours here. the travel is certainly better. like the administrator, i'm here to talk about flooding and flood resilience. while conventional responses like hard infrastructure and emergency response are important, to limit flood impacts, those alone are not enough. instead, i'm here to advocate for a more powerful and cost-effective approach that improves the lives of city residents long before disaster strikes. i'm here to advocate or building resilience. what do i mean when i say resilience? that is a word that gets tossed around a lot. the capacity to survive and thrive in the face of disaster. not just think about the shock, the earthquake, hurricane, tornado's. also think about the long-term, slow burning disasters. long-term food, water, energy shortages, high levels of crime and violence, aging infrastructure. the importance under mayors giuliani and bloomberg, and in that role, i spent a lot of the 1990's preparing and tracking hurricanes and helping the city prepare for them. then on 9/11, two planes flew into two buildings, and the world, new york, and our country were changed forever. --t came and direct attacks anthrax attacks, the plane crash in queens, and only in 2012 did hurricane sandy. new york survived and thrived through those incidents. it is worth pointing out that this week marks the 40th the 1977 blackout in new york city. in july 1977,ts and the city was impacted by next several days afterward, and you contrast that with what happened in 2003 and understand how it is not just emergency response and infrastructure that determines if a city, state, or country can survive, but rather, it is a much broader approach. these underscore an important insight that infrastructure and emergency response are important, but it's also critical to focus on robust, .iversified economies the same lesson can be drawn from hurricane katrina, which killed nearly 2000 people, displaced hundreds of thousands nearlyicans, and cost 150 billion dollars. you understand what went wrong, it's not enough to look at how warm the gulf was, what the state of the infrastructure was, how big the storm was. those are important, but you also need to consider the local economy, transportation systems, public health, political leadership, and looking at flooding in a vacuum would be to ignore those exacerbating actors. the truth is you rarely know what disaster will strike next and how it will play out. if you think you do, the chances are you are fighting the last war. resilience mindset challenges us to look at issues in a comprehensive way, to multiple tackling problems with each investment. it is a simple approach -- focus strength with every intervention and become better prepared for whatever happens next. how does resilience building work in practice? to answer that question, i'm going to share three quick real world, and i will start by talking more about new york city, my hometown. new york is surrounded by water. it has nearly 700 miles of coastline alone, and rising tides and hurricanes have the potential to create leading that could cripple the city, the region, and our national economy, and a traditional response to a threat like this would be to build a seawall. we have a few visuals. planners,ngineers and worse case scenarios, make estimates, at some buffer, and pour concrete. but there is a better and more powerful way and likely a cost-effective option. building a wall might help new york survived this particular threat, but it would fail to strengthen the city more broadly. why not address the threat of flooding while simultaneously tackling other challenges like dwindling public space and neighborhood isolation? following sandy, the city came up with a project that you can see here. it is a ring of infrastructure protecting lower manhattan that will run 10 continuous miles. it is not just a method of flood protection. each of the sections provide innovative solutions to challenges facing the surrounding neighborhood. trees and other greenery mitigate the effect of the urban heat island, which makes manhattan hotter than the surrounding areas, and new public spaces engage residents so that neighbors meet neighbors, was it something you should not take for granted in the big city. protect new york city from flooding, but that is not all -- it will also strengthen the city socially and economically, connecting new yorkers with one another, making the city stronger and more resilient, no matter what the next crisis it faces next. i want to share with you about the work being done in virginia in norfolk. famous for shipbuilding and the world's largest naval base, it is perhaps one of the most flood prone cities in the countries. led by christine morris, the city's chief resilience officer, the city has heated the gospel of resilience. instead of just digging up historic tricks to channel floodwater, norfolk is turning those creeks into gathering spaces for the public in real estate for new construction and much-needed housing. norfolk is not looking at flooding through a myopic lens. they are taking a holistic approach, tackling multiple issues at once, making the most of every dollar spent, and in doing so, they are believed to be stronger and more prepared for the future, no matter what comes next. this type of long-term, comprehensive thinking is resilience building at its best, and others are taking note. last year, the federal department of housing and urban development awarded $20 million to support projects laid out in norfolk's resilience strategy. i believe those with the biggest grants a city has received in its history, and the private sector is similarly enthusiastic. moody's, the credit rating agency, published a paper last credit the hampton roads posture in the face of climate change, and the agency maintains strong credit ratings even in the face of this threat. as surely every governor knows, access to credit for investments and infrastructure and innovation is essential to building strong cities and a strong state. norfolk is tackling challenges head on and is already reaping the benefits. there's one more example of resilience in action i would like to discuss today, and i would be remiss if i left this room without returning to new orleans and the home state of governor edwards. has learned important lessons about what it takes to overcome natural disasters and build a vibrant and resilient city that serves all its residents. of the first it needs to reach is a comprehensive resilience strategy. new orleans needs to develop actual plans on topics ranging equity and energy to education and emergency planning. i want to point out one more example of resilient flood approach here. that is as a first of its kind resilience district the city is creating in the neighborhood of gentilly, which was made famous by a photo taken right after katrina of houses fully submerged. gentilly is now undergoing a consolidated effort to reduce flood risk and encourage neighborhood revitalization. this is part of a new trend we are seeing in progressive cities and dates all over the world -- cities and states all over the world, moving away from thinking of the city as a funnel and trying to think of the city as a sponge. instead of trying to get rid of the water through pipes and funnel water systems, gentilly is building great infrastructure you can see here that will allow the water to be safely retained on white. this approach has multiple .enefits it reduces the risk of catastrophic failure and will create public space that serves residents in both good times and bad. put simply, new orleans is learning to live with water rather than write it and is turning its greatest challenge into a valued asset -- simply put -- you should consider hiring a chief resilience officer for your state. charging someone with this task will make it easier to realize the resilience dividend i have been talking about. with every dollar you spend to address flooding, i would encourage you to ask how this investment can address multiple challenges to strengthen your state and what collateral benefits we can reap. this will not be easy because the reason we have sectors and silos is because transportation people want to talk to transportation people. housing people want to talk to housing people, but if we continue to push this interdisciplinary approach, we will reap the benefits of resilience in the manner of talking about. building resilience is recognizing that shops are interconnected and solutions should be as well. trying to solve single problems with single solutions may have worked in the past, but today, that approach is not only unwise but also untenable. mitigating the threat of flooding in itself is not enough. finally one last thought -- and i am a cities person, so forgive me for being so forward, but when you think about how to solve problem's at the state level, i urge you to look at city spirit as states are famously known as laboratories of democracy for the federal government, you have the opportunity to tree cities as laboratories of innovation, practical solutions, and limitations for your state. cities around the country are doing incredible work to ensure their residents remain safe and strong, to ensure their infrastructure works the way residents need it to, and to ensure that a changing cop -- climate and globalizing economy and urbanizing landscape will not catch them unprepared. we can face the challenges of our time and come out ahead. we can reduce the challenges of translatend we can the microcosm of cities to the macro of states. working together, we can become more resilient. thank you very much. [applause] governor hutchinson: thank you, administrator long, and mr. berkowitz as well. excellent presentations. we will have an opportunity to ask questions. let me kick it off, administrator long, with a couple of questions to you. in april of last year, 35 states responded to an inquiry from fema and reactions on the state deductible plan, so i would like for you to update us on where the rulemaking process and what your expectation is as to the outcome, and if you could also comment, we had a discussion ,ight before about the levees the concern about it, as to what you think you ought to be doing to have better coordination of our levee system. >> share. the levy one is pretty easy for me right now. i have to work with our partners at the corps of engineers to make sure that our partnership is clear, that we have clear roles and responsibilities, that we're giving you proper guidance and helping you understand what you are entitled to from the federal government to improve or maintain those levies. the disaster deductible is interesting. i understand the premise of the program and why fema initially went down this path. basically, the premise is good in my opinion. to me, it is how state and locals are increasing and emphasizing emergency management and disaster resiliency and federal government is coming down and we are meeting in the middle. the process as currently written i have some problems with. and clear thatud these states also have problems with its current form. i don't want to basically start handing out policy that i know the targeted states are unhappy with, someone very aware of that issue. hutchinson: grateful for you taking a fresh look at that. mr. long: thank you. governor edwards: i have a question for michael berkowitz. louisiana, we are actually taking entire communities and relocating the. we're starting that process now with an american indian community. even though it will be relatively small in terms of a large city like new orleans or new york, i'm just wondering if what you were talking about in terms of resiliency and building it in, if that has applications for these small communities when we moved them north and put them on higher ground so we can structure that in a way that achieves many of the things that you were talking about. mr. berkowitz: thank you, governor. i think the way that that relates to resilience is twofold. one is to your point that we do the right risk assessments to understand what the scenarios will be so that we appropriately communities to somewhere that is less vulnerable than where they came from, right? and we take a long-term view. we will never be able to predict everything that happens, but we take a long-term view of what that means. second, i think the process that we go through in order to work with those communities is every what theluable as ultimate outcome is in a technical sense. if we do the right stakeholder and community engagement, if we make sure those communities are , that will make sure that the communities feel more empowered, bought into what is going on at the state and national level, and, ultimately, that will make them better citizens and residents in the next disaster, whatever that the bp oil spill, tornado, rainwater flooding, or a hurricane. to give you one quick example, from the project is talked about designers proposed some really innovative solutions withd creating buildings wet feet, that they would veryate people in vulnerable areas of new york, build a new tower, but make those buildings be able to withstand flooding and turn them into, like, community centers. that is classic sort of mitigation action. from my eyes, it looked great as a technical solution, but the community did not trust the city in order to follow through. ultimately, that design was scrapped. i think from a resilience standpoint, feedback was listen to and heard, even if it led to something that might not have been most optical technical solution, that would make the community more resilient because the community members feel a better sense of empowerment and alignment. her mother hutchinson: governors, any questions? governor edwards: governors, any questions? governor mcauliffe: i would like to thank both administrators for coming here. i just announced last month moving people outside of louisiana, virginia is the second most vulnerable region in america. report on my desk the other day with a three-foot sea level rise. $90 billion worth of infrastructure and real estate. citizens, if they believe in climate change or not, they are all aware of it today, and we are all working together, and it would not have happened without that hug and rockefeller foundation kickstart. we have had a great, great relationship, and it is just an outstanding organization. for theirthank fema quick response. i hope i don't have to work with you, but in the event we do, i just want to thank you -- mr. long: we will be working together. thank you. >> i will join in my thanks. thanks for both of you being here. great presentation. understandablygs that focuses these large disasters that happen in large urban areas, of course, being so inside the country as very rural areas, fema response to a lot of disasters, but at least equally significant to citizens who live in a small town, again, i think fema has done a very good job doing that. i was interested in your comets about how you want to become with dollars that fema has to spend, which i conceptually think is a good idea, but we respond to the one-year -- 100-year flood, to the tornadoes we did not know were coming, to the wildfires that you have to respond to after the fact in some fashion. is there better predictive analytics, and how are you going to provide -- you said you would have done day one, switch that money around, which would have insignificant. how do you respond to those things that still seem very difficult to predict, particularly in very rural areas? : rural governments face the toughest time because what typically happens, and having served in alabama, 67 counties, many of them, several counties have less than 50,000 people, and in many cases, you would have tornadoes go through, wipe out significant infrastructure in a very rural area, but the ,tate not come close to it numeric indicators to ask for presidential assistants and public assistance side. that is a tough situation. i get it. the ask on that is how many states actually have a rainy day fund to handle the pa and iron assistance isa not coming for that type of needs.- the pa and ia maybe we step away from the pa deductible and start rewarding states for being able to prove that they have these systems set up to handle those hard case situations. the other thing is the disaster relief fund, where a majority of post disaster relief funds come out. we put out about $1 billion in year on average from the disaster relief fund. i cannot just move that money. it would require a change in the stafford act that dictates the funding where it is, and that is a lot of work ahead of us. this is a goal we have to work together on to make sure we can move that out. face is theoblem we budget control act. i think we all understand why the budget control act was passed, but for fema, it is a very negative thing. what i mean by that is that every year, because of the formula that the budget control act uses, it basically says katrina and sandy never happened. the average hear that gets funded goes lower and lower and lower, despite the fact that disasters are going up. with that, we have to all make a stand if we are going to do predisaster mitigation from a whole community perspective, as michael and i have both been putting forward, and two, that is something else i have to tackle that i recognize, so there is pressure to possibly start fighting wildfires on federal land. there's cyber attacks, new hazards and different things the budget control act does not recognize. the act does not recognize changing environments. when ier thing is that , i interviewedma with fema on the morning of 9/11, and i watched a lot of changes. but i worked in the national hurricane center directly helping interpret forecast and basically turning that forecast into risk and vulnerabilities, helping governors make evacuation decisions for local governments. i learned that the climate variability, there are also intrinsic cycles, increased and decreased periods of hurricane activity. oscillates every five to seven years, which means freak nor'easter snow storms, tornadoes in areas that do not necessarily get it. there's also a lot of flooding. there's a lot of work to do about recognizing intrinsic cycles that increase and decrease the periods of what we're seeing, soy used to make the presentation that in 1995, because of a cycle called thermal halen association, the oceans conveyor belt, we are getting ready to see an increased period of activity over the next three decades, and all that infrastructure we put without building codes or proper land use planning, we are about to pay for that, and it is happening. there's a lot out of my control, but what i can control, i will work hard on to be able to get it up front. >> thank you. a follow-up to the administrator again, we want to thank you for your work. to the extent that helps you save any money, we have not had a hurricane in wyoming for a hope that saves you there. governor scott: administrator long, i want to thank you for your leadership and assistance with irene a few years ago. it was devastating for the state, but there was a great partnership. we were able to work with you in getting us through that. the struggle for us was in the recovery stage and implementation of some of the rules and regulations revolving around the replacement of infrastructure and the replacement of bridges when it did not make sense in some respects to rebuild in the same size, with the rules dictated that it had to be rebuilt to the exact same standards as was their previous to the disaster, and i'm not sure if you have changed that since then, but if you have not, i would implore you to look at that because when ,ou are looking to rebuild certainly with the frequency of storms and climate change being at the forefront, that we could use that flexibility in the rebuilding to are make sure the resiliency is real, that we are rebuilding for the future as well. : sure.g right now, fema is working on what is called aba reengineering program, a new concept to streamline services, and as i said earlier, we have nearly 200 policies that dictate how you do recovery, and that includes if it is an environmental impact assessment or cost analysis, many things. getsme cases, i think fema in the way of interpreting contracts. i just want to make sure you want tohe laws, and i provide you that maximum flexibility with what is there, so honestly, we have already started or reduced the complexity campaign inside fema now, and part of that is with the pa reengineering program to where we are really trying to try different things in different states to meet your need and make it as painless as possible. you have to hire a consulting firm to navigate fema recovery, it's too complex. governor scott: thank you for that. we did appreciate the good partnership, though. >> i know that you have a scheduled to meet. we are grateful for your and even though administrator long did not bring us any good news for the future, talking about el niño, we know that you are going to provide great leadership for our nation, and we are grateful for your service. with that, i think we stand adjourned. unless, chairman mcauliffe, do you have any concluding words? thank you very much. [applause] governor hutchinson: well done. governor edwards: thank you. i appreciate it. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2017] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

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