million of congressionally approved aid on the account russia -- excuse me, ukraine and his chief political adversary. would you describe the president's behavior here and the use of his public office for a private benefit as rising to those levels? >> the framers considered, as you said, bribery under the constitution to consist of the president abusing his office corruptly for personal gain. if this house determines and this committee determines that the president was in fact seeking personal gain in seeking the investigations that he asked for, then that would constitute bribery under the constitution. >> thank you. professor gerhardt, i'd like to ask you about obstruction of justice. the president categorically refused to introduce congressional subpoenas and