back on the ground. however, and i should say, by the way, that you are also the author of "hunting the caliphate," i'm sorry i didn't see that book pop up there. what is your assessment of how effective they can be without more either anti-aircraft weaponry or some sort of air exclusion zone? >> well, good morning, hala. they have been effective, to an extent, with the weaponry that they have. their courage and their tenacity. but to be able to really stop the russian offensive, which is temporarily culminated around kyiv, um, they are going to need more. right now, the russian forces are still moving in the south and reaching many of their objectives. obviously, mariupol is one that has not been reached. but temporarily, russian forces around kyiv have been halted. so, in order for ukrainians to continue on with a counteroffensive, they are going to need more assistance.