a professor in global environmental governance and waste politics at the university of california berkeley, she's also the author of waste trading among rich nations, building a new theory of environmental regulation. great to have you here, professor. i mean, such an interesting topic. i checked around the newsroom and most of us here are guilty of this. see something without a recycling stamp, put it in hoping it can be recycled, but what's the damage in that? >> yeah, you know, it's a universal thing, this thing called wish cycling, which is we really want to recycle. we're sort of born and bred in us to want to save things. in fact, if we put things into the recycling bin that don't belong there and they don't, it can contaminate everything that's already in the bin. if you take your jar of mayonnaise and throw it in the recycling, that's a contaminant. that means the whole lot could be thrown out.