♪ in the 1920s, there was a strong black community here in tulsa called greenwood. these people were the core of black entrepreneurship. people call it the black wall street. >> greenwood was like putting harlem, bourbon street, and chocolate city all in one place. >> but white tulsans talked about greenwood as little africa or [bleep] land. >> tulsa was a powder keg, needing only something to set the community alight. >> between 100 and 300 people, most of them black, were killed. >> today we call it a massacre. they were hastily trying to get rid of the bodies by dumping them in mass graves around the city. >> we have tulsans of an undetermined number who were murdered. it should not have taken 99 years. >> anybody who thinks that this crime scene is not going to speak doesn't have the ears to hear. the ancestors are awake and the earth is shaking. >> i came to tulsa when i was in the sixth grade. so that's been, whew, i don't know how many years. my mother is from oklahoma. there was a strong black community in tulsa called greenwood. these people were the core of black entrepreneurship. and they would help you get your business started. 1920, greenwood was booming. people call it the black wall street. and you read the editorials and they would also post events that were happening. and i imagine they were having a great time. what i love about greenwood is what it was. and i love what it could be. but tulsa has a truth problem. hiding the truth and people who will not challenge what is perceived to be true. >> what's keeping tulsa from being that great shining city on the hill is dealing with the legacy of the so-called tulsa race riot of 1921. white tulsans murdered black folks and were hastily trying to get rid of the bodies by dumping them in mass graves around the city. many awful things were done to get rid of the bodies. in the late 1990s, senator maxine horner and my father, state representative don ross, created the commission to study the tulsa race riot of 1921. which brought historians, consultants from around the world who tried to figure out what happened in 1921. i had many conversations with riot survivors. >> you know, you're sitting here, you're sitting there with a red light. nice little lady sitting here. that puts pressure on you from when you was five years old. >> it's one of the proudest moments that i can remember of my father. no other mayor, republican or democrat, never thought about or even touched the story of the mass graves. >> you hear about history being erased and, you know, these authoritarian regimes or something like that. you can't imagine that it would happen right here in your own hometown in the middle of the united states. and yet it had. my name is g.t. bynum. i'm the mayor of tulsa. i grew up here in tulsa. my family's been here since the 1870s. my great, great grandfather was the second mayor of tulsa. i heard about the massacre in 2001 or 2002. i was 24 years old at this point. you know, every high school student in oklahoma has to go through an oklahoma history course. never came up. my dad had been president of tulsa historical society. never came up. hearing about that, it was shocking to me because i loved tulsa. i couldn't believe that tulsa would be the kind of city where something like that could happen. we have tulsans of an undetermined number who were murdered in this event. and so we have a responsibility, i think, as a city to try and find out where their remains are and what happened them. suv. 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"preservision is backed by 20 years of clinical studies" "and its from the eye experts at bausch and lomb" so, ask your doctor about adding preservision. and fill in a missing piece of your plan. like i did with preservision" ♪ inner voice (kombucha brewer): if i just stare at these payroll forms... my business' payroll taxes will calculate themselves. right? uhh...nope. intuit quickbooks helps you manage your payroll taxes, cheers! with 100% accurate tax calculations guaranteed. most people you're going to interview, you need to ask this question. where are you people from? and if they say, well, we're from oklahoma or tulsa or greenwood, well, when did they get here? scene grayson, take one, common marker, mid slate. >> my father, who's creek indian, was from oklahoma. my family is a mixture of indian, black and white. and here i am. >> the story of oklahoma really began with the five civilized tribes in the 1830s, 1840s . the chickasaws, the creeks, the cherokee, choctaw and seminoles called the five civilized tribes. they're originally from the south, alabama, georgia, parts of florida, tennessee, mississippi and the south carolina area where these tribes owned plantations. >> civilized really is a veiled reference to taking on, accepting eurocentric ways. one of those ways was the practice of chattel slavery to boost oneself economically. >> at the cherokee museum today are slave bills of sale, including one by then principal chief john ross. >> i don't ever talk about it very much because i think it's a very shameful part of cherokee history. and so i've purposely avoided involving myself in that whole issue. >> drive a man, he made a life, but a mammy ain't his wife. chopping cotton, don't be slow. better finish out your row. >> slavery in the five civilized tribes varied. what's really important to remember is that these people were enslaved. so by definition, it wasn't a good experience. because if you're a slave, then you don't have your individual liberty, which arguably matters more than anything else. >> enslaving black people, it was part of the economy of those tribes. when the americans now wanted that land for their own plantations, they took the plantations of the indians. >> this was done in a legal way. by passing legislation, the indian removal act, the forced migration of the five civilized tribes from the southeast united states into indian territory, which is what is today oklahoma. >> they said, well, we're swapping you this land for the lands west of the mississippi and indian territory. you have no choice but to go. we know it as the trail of tears. the slaves that the tribes didn't sell off, they brought them on the trail of tears. so just like a oxen or a bull that was pulling a wagon, the black folks was in the same situation. they didn't have a choice. >> the five civilized tribes officially aligned themselves with the confederacy during the civil war because slaves were still needed to improve the economic fortunes of these tribes. confederacy lost, by the way. and so after the civil war, the federal government negotiated with these tribes on treaties generally referred to as the treaties of 1866. >> in article 2 of the creek treaty of 1866, it says that you won't have slaves anymore. that's a wrap. it's not going to happen anymore. those slaves that you had, they're now your tribal members. they're now your citizens. there were people who had been with the indians now 10, 15 generations, either enslaved or married among them or their children. they were called the freedmen. the united states government forced the tribes to divide up its land with the freedmen. >> the slaves who belonged to the cherokees could come right back to the territory and settle on indian land. and when allotment came, they gave us an equal right with them in land rights. the united states government forced them to do this, i have been told. >> okay, so on this map, this is the creek nation. this little yellow spot up here is township tulsa. the green area are the allotments of the freedmen. everybody got 160 acres if you were full blood creek. if you were full black from africa, if you were female, you got 160 acres. the freedmen allotments totaled 1,192,240 acres. 1,100,000. i really want people to understand that. that's a lot of land for a small geographical area. it's a lot of land to own. >> as a descendant of a creek freedman, i believe land is power. land is wealth. land is really the core of black entrepreneurship. >> you had two types of blacks in oklahoma. you had those freedmen. then you had state blacks. state blacks came to oklahoma looking for the promised land. >> there was a movement called boosterism. well, this began in 1889, using bulletins and encouraging black folks to migrate from the deep south to what is now oklahoma. the leader of that movement was a fellow called e.p. mccabe. he recruited black people to come on the theory that it represented an escape from the oppressive deep south, an opportunity to prosper economically. >> the time will soon come when we will be able to dictate the policy of this territory or state. and when that time comes, we will have a negro state governed by negroes. we do not wish to antagonize the whites. they are necessary in the development of a new country. but they owe my race homes and my race owes to itself a governmental control of those homes. >> land meant rebirth. it meant renewal. land meant survival. there were 40 other black townships around oklahoma. the whole state, not just tulsa, the whole state was becoming the dream land. >> it was the promised land for a lot of people coming out of slavery, wanting to escape lynchings and wanted to just erase their families and a loving community. >> freedman had all of this land with mineral rights that ultimately made them wealthy. >> with ourselves in oklahoma in 1906. a city called tulsa. >> tulsa boomed after the discovery of oil. tulsa became the oil capital of the world. oil drew people really from all over seeking fame and fortune. the population just mushroomed. >> back then, people were moving to the city every day, whether it's a sharecropper leaving some rural oklahoma county, looking for a job in the oil fields. whether it's a young entrepreneur who thinks that they can strike the next one. people called it the magic city because it just came out of nowhere. supply fuel for immune cells and sustain tissue health. ensure with twenty-five vitamins and minerals, and ensure complete with thirty grams of protein. ♪ i got into debt in college and, no matter how much i paid, it followed me everywhere. so i consolidated it into a low-rate personal loan from sofi. get a personal loan with no fees, low fixed rates, and borrow up to $100k. sofi. get your money right. ♪ ♪ a bunch of dead guys made up work, way back when. ♪ ♪ it's our turn now we'll make it up again. ♪ ♪ we'll build freelance teams with more agility. ♪ ♪ the old way of working is deader than me. ♪ ♪ we'll scale up, and we'll scale down ♪ ♪ before you're six feet underground. ♪ ♪ yes, this is how, this is how we work now. ♪ back when i was growing up, they said the 1921 race riot and then they changed it to massacre. and i wanted people to know my mother was a survivor of that. a lot of people say, oh, we didn't know anything about it. i always knew about it because my mother told me about it. >> tulsa has seen a lot of growth in recent years. some might even say it's showing signs of becoming a destination city. >> tulsa is a beautiful little city that wants to be a big city . it's just a little country town that has big skyscrapers. the weather is beautiful. the cost of living is wonderful. people from various different walks of life. and i strongly believe at one time that we're going to be the best city that this world can offer. >> make a left at the light. here we are in the historic greenwood community, a.k.a. the black wall street of america, a.k.a. the negro wall street of america, a.k.a. my home. any day that i've got money in my pocket, i go down on greenwood. i go get me a haircut. they give me the latest do, find out what's going on. what's up on greenwood now? yeah, t's barbershop is a legacy of my family. and my father got his haircut here. my son got his first haircut right here. >> how long has a barbershop been on greenwood? >> the first barbershop that i worked for was called mim's barbershop. and it was in the 1100 block of north greenwood. that was in 1963. they talk about greenwood and all you can see now is one block, but it was businesses all the way down from lansing back to martin luther king drive today. >> 1921. >> greenwood was much larger than just that one block that you guys see today. greenwood was much larger to the south, to the east, to the west and to the north. but all that we have left is just a sliver of its former self. every time somebody comes back every other 20 years, there's less and less of greenwood. people come here all the time, say, is this it? this is greenwood. this is what they've been talking about. right. everybody wants a community where they can grow and prosper and that dollar can turn over and they can become educated and own their own business. so why wouldn't black folks want that for themselves? >> i've been owning blow out hair studio for 13 years now. greenwood is special. once you come down here, you feel the energy. i would hate to leave greenwood. i will fight tooth and nails before i leave, be honest with you. >> farmers insurance is my first business. however, i have a studio, greenwood fitness and recreational studio. you know, we have a debt to our ancestors here. we have to bring back what was once theirs. and anyone that wants to do business here should also be engaged in that same idea. that same mentality, the same thought process. >> when i got to tulsa in 1984, i was asked to do a regular guest editorial column in the oklahoma eagle, which is a black newspaper. one of my assignments was to do a historical treatment of the greenwood district. i've had this sort of obligation of service that if i'm going to live in this community, i want the community to be the best it can be. we can't do that unless we engage in the work of racial reconciliation. we can't do that unless we acknowledge our history. a black man named o.w. gurley came to oklahoma from arkansas. he bought land. he sold land to other african-americans. established his first business in 1906. businesses just proliferated and they became prosperous. creating and living in this insular economic community called the greenwood district. the greenwood district was like main street. mom-and-pop type operations, small businesses, hotels, restaurants, grocery stores, theaters, nightclubs. >> you have the offices of african-american lawyers. there are more than 12 physicians and surgeons that had their offices in greenwood. >> greenwood had about 10,000 people. they're in search for a way to be masters of their own fates. today, most of the people connect to greenwood and think black wall street. and yes, that existed here. you did have people that were pioneers and big business tycoons living in sprawling mansions. and even most people who are domestic workers or owning small shops living day to day, everyone has an opportunity and their skin color doesn't limit their capacity here. that's what makes greenwood really special. that you have this safe haven, that oasis that existed here. be listening to me. you want to be rich like me? you want to trust me on this one. 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(upbeat music) this is a special edition of events of the tulsa disaster. mary jones parish is very important because she was hired within a week or two of the massacre to collect stories of people, of survivors, including herself. >> on leaving the frisco station, going north to archer street, one could see nothing but negro business places. going east on archer for two or more blocks, there you would behold greenwood avenue, the negro's wall street. >> mary parish was a remarkable woman. originally from mississippi, she had set up a secretarial school right on greenwood avenue to teach young women all of these different skills so they could get work as secretaries to some of greenwood's black doctors and lawyers. >> this section of tulsa was a city within a city. every face seemed to wear a happy smile. >> we're sitting in the mackey house. that's lucy. the mackeys are really emblematic of the kind of middle-class black person who lived in the greenwood community during its peak. but i think if we fixate on the things that are glamorous and more flattering, and we forget that the greenwood district is a part of a city called tulsa. you have a black segregated community that's not getting its fair share of tax dollars for infrastructure, like roads, like sewer systems, and things like that. >> there was so much money in tulsa these days. but here's the reality. money plays a complicated role in the intermingling between the races. >> affluence, wealth, prosperity created this tie in between black tulsans, white tulsans. but it's all about perspective. white tulsans talked about greenwood as little africa or [bleep] land. >> all of these four things were to be found in [bleep] town. booze, dope, bad [bleep] and guns. >> white tulsans could control what justice looks like. could control the narrative. could control whatever they want. >> the only reason the black wall street existed was because of necessity. these people were not able to participate in the regular economy run by the dominant culture because of segregation. >> the vast majority of people who lived in greenwood were not wealthy. but they had regular jobs in the white community. and they had a regular paycheck in the white community. you've got a lot of well-to-do white tulsans who are going to hire servants, cooks, domestic workers. they would collect their paycheck at the end of the week and they would spend it back in greenwood. you know, in tulsa, like in other southern cities, african americans can't go into a department store and try on clothes. but they had been shopping in their own neighborhoods. so what happens is the merchants in greenwood had this captive population. and the money just flows and flows and flows. >> and it was successful because they were supported by people who looked like them, would purchase from them, do business with them. >> so there's people that are living all different lives in different social standings. but everyone here is making a living whatever way they decide to. and they're not feeling the pressures and the violence from the outside world. uhhhh... here, i'll take that. 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>> we took oklahoma history in the ninth grade, and in our textbook, there was probably a page or page and a half about the race massacre. we did not cover that in class. i read it because i was really interested in history, and it was a real revelation. it brought home just how pervasive racism was in the united states and in the social system. >> historians often refer to the early part of the 20th century in america as the low point of race relations. >> african americans are under attack in all different quarters and all parts of the union. this is an era where the nature of lynchings are getting more and more barbaric. >> lynching is a form of domestic terrorism that targeted primarily african americans. in events to which people brought their children, lynching was widespread in the united states. that there would be such a film like birth of a nation produced at the time, neither shocks nor surprises me. >> birth of a nation, a landmark film that came out in 1915. black people were portrayed in a very demeaning manner. and the ku klux klan as heroes. >> birth of a nation attests to the purity and chastity of white women. and black men mixing with white women is a distinct taboo. which often did result in the death of the black men. >> the film became pretty much of a national phenomenon. president woodrow wilson endorsed it. it showed all over the country. it showed in tulsa in the convention hall. it certainly validated these ideas. >> how do you survive if you're a black person in america during this era? and part of the answer came through african american veterans of world war i. they fought in combat units in france where they were treated with respect and with honor. and they came back to the united states and they found none. >> we have black veterans in greenwood. they fought for their country. they fought for their freedom. so when they come home, they expect to be respected. but what they come home to is, again, more jim crow laws, more prejudice and more restrictions on their freedom that they fought for. >> after world war i, there are a number of incidences of black soldiers in uniform being lynched by white mobs. it's pretty stunning and remarkable. the idea is, we're going to show you what your place is. we don't care whether you've fought for the country. when you're here, you play by our rules. >> "the tulsa tribune" published a series of inflammatory articles that really fomented hostility in the white community against the black community. >> tulsa was a powder keg or a tinderbox needing only something to set the community alight. the highest level of safety you can earn? 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oh, baby, that's nothing but an omen, she said. that was the spirit of the riot dead telling you to go tell somebody that they are not at peace. >> the ancestors are speaking to us. the ancestors are throwing clues at us. we have a responsibility and an obligation to find the truth. >> the mass graves investigation started out with '97, actually, with don ross, kevin ross' father. >> when he was first told about the massacre, my father, he thought it was a lie, that it didn't happen. it was not in the history books. but then in high school, when he heard firsthand from the survivors, who were schoolteachers at the time, and that was something that stuck with him until he got to the point where he could do something about it. >> white political leaders tried to bury the truth along with all those black victims of the riot, and they pretty much succeeded for 76 years until 1997, when the state legislature appointed a special commission of 11 people to finally uncover the truth about the horrific riot of 1921. >> don ross went to the governor and the legislature and said, we've never had an official study of this little-known event. >> that was inspired by the oklahoma city bombing. when they said it was the largest urban disaster in america, wrong. more people were killed than any such disaster, wrong. >> i was asked to be the historian for the commission. during that period, i was thinking, maybe we could use this to figure out how many people died and where they were buried. >> go ahead. >> i am eddie fay gates, chair of the survivors committee of the oklahoma legislative commission to study the tulsa race riot of 1921. >> i was a videographer for the race riot commission report. i was honored to accompany eddie fay gates, who was the commissioner at the time. her job was to record the testimonies of the riot survivors. >> we have located 51 actual living riot survivors, ages 78 to 104. no research takes the place of eyewitness testimony, and that is why this day is so significant. this is simms. go on and tell her. >> you'll never forget that riot. that's something to be always in your memories. >> this has been the age-old story here in tulsa. never knew what happened to my great-uncle, never saw my great-aunt again. you hear those stories over the ages. folks were coming in with oral history, where bodies could be buried. >> we interviewed over 300 tulsans to identify what we thought were three very likely spots in town where massacre victims were buried in unmarked graves. >> clyde eddie took some of the same steps today he first took 78 years ago, days after the tulsa race riot. he was 10 at the time, drawn by the curious sight of men digging a trench with large boxes stacked nearby. >> clyde eddie talked about at the age of 10, when he was at the oak lawn cemetery, he saw these giant boxes. he and his cousin would go to one of these crates. >> we opened the first box, and there were -- excuse me, there were three bodies of black people in them. the stench was terrible. >> there were other boxes, lift up the lid, and saw that there was black folks inside of that one. black people in a box, dead. that's something that will be etched in your mind forever. and so for him to tell that story with such conviction, i said, let's dig him up now. >> so many people have said there were no bodies there. but you know, all the black folk in the community, we believe they're there. those stories were passed on to us. >> inch by inch, crews are digging into the history of the 1921 tulsa race massacre. tulsa's mayor, g. -- mayor g.t. bynum, initiated the investigation to try and find if there are any victims buried in mass graves. >> there was a systematic cover-up of the event. it should not have taken 99 years. >> we have to pay attention. we have to pick up the charred baton that has been left in our hands and figure out where the screams are coming from. have arrived. wasp spend $30 on your next visit to ihop and get a fandango movie ticket to see marvel studios: ant-man and the wasp: quantumania. only at vanguard, you're more than just an investor—you're an owner. we got this, babe. that means that your dreams are ours too. and our financial planning tools can help you reach them. that's the value of ownership. new truly vodka seltzer premium vodka real fruit juice with a taste so fresh, you'll wonder... hold up! there's vodka in this? 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"the tribune" essentially claimed that dick rowland tried to rape sarah page in broad daylight in a public building in downtown tulsa. the article went out of its way to make sarah page look virtuous and as a corollary to make dick rowland look villainous, playing on that white female, black male taboo. >> so the next morning, tuesday, may 31st, the tulsa police decide we're going to pick up dick rowland. so they go to where he lives with his mother in greenwood, arrest him, take him to the courthouse and like as with other prisoners, put him up in the fourth-floor jail. the first edition of the tulsa tribune hits the streets around 3:00, 3:30. within 30 minutes there's lynch talks on the streets of tulsa. lynch talk soon turns into a lynch mob. meanwhile, black people are trying to figure out what's going on, what to do, how to organize. there was a feeling amongst black vets that if trouble comes my way, i ain't dodging it. in tulsa, there had not been an african-american lynched, and there were black men and women who were prepared to make sure that didn't happen. around 10:30 at night, a little before then, a rumor hits greenwood that whites are storming the jail. 75 african-american men, all armed, drive to the courthouse. they march up to the courthouse, they go up to the sheriff who's waiting for them on the steps and they say, we are here to help to protect the prisoner if you need our help. sheriff mcauliffe says, get the hell out of here, i don't want you. as they are leaving, an elderly white man goes up to a tall black vet and says, where are you going with that gun? and the vet says, i'm going to use it if i need to. white man says, like hell you are, tries to get the gun, there's a struggle, a shot goes off. and the worst incident of racial violence in american history begins. maybe it's perfecting that special place that you want to keep in the family... ...or passing down the family business... ...or giving back to the places that inspire you. no 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anybody touch him or pick him up, wouldn't let an ambulance pick him up. but he was the first man that was shot in a riot. >> nobody cares about dick rowan anymore. the white mob is now out to get any black person in their sights. >> the teeming white mob spilled over the frisco tracks into the greenwood community. carrying rifles, pistols, matches and cans of gasoline. in the words of one of the massacre survivors, all hell broke loose. looting, shooting, burning, destroying everything in sight. >> people are taking shelter in their homes or packing up their stuff and fleeing, whatever they can. >> my mother said, here they come, here they come, and they came in the house with torches and they set the house on fire. oh, it was like a nightmare. everything was in flames. >> on the evening of may 31st, my little girl had not retired but was watching the people from the window. she said, mother, i see men with guns. then i ran to the window and looked out. there i saw many people gathered in little squads talking excitedly. there was a great shadow in the sky. and upon second look, we discerned that this cloud was caused by fast approaching airplanes. it then dawned upon us that the enemy had organized in the night and was invading our district the same as the germans invaded france. i took my little girl florence mary by the hand and fled out the west door on greenwood, running amidst showers of bullets. >> i was so afraid because bullets were coming down around us, but the planes were up in the air, shooting down, and i could hear those bullets falling. there were a lot of people running, dodging the bullets, and just afraid. >> they're shooting people on sight, even if you're complying with their demands. that's what happened to dr. a.c. jackson. >> a.c. jackson was a prominent black surgeon. he was accosted at his home. he exited his house in compliance with the demands of the mobsters, hands held high. but he was actually gunned down by a young white man, and he ultimately bled to death. black men put up a vigorous, robust defense. they were outgunned and outnumbered and overmatched. the violence lasted 16 hours. a unit of the national guard sent in from oklahoma city. when the dust settled, at least 1,250 homes in the black community were destroyed. between 100 and 300 people, most of them black, were killed . >> so 20 years ago, we had a mayor here that said, hey, we're going to go into oak lawn and we're going to excavate because we have an idea of where some bodies might be. >> we brought in ground penetrating radar. they showed that there were anomalies in these areas. >> i was 20 years younger, standing out in oak lawn. we were all out there. like, we're about to do this, right? they called it off abruptly because there was a white family that did not want that area to be disturbed. they suggested that there was perhaps a white body that was buried underground and that that body would have been disturbed as you're looking for race massacre dead. >> our effort got caught up in politics. >> a bunch of lawmakers that pretty much really didn't care. >> it made the state look bad. >> i am thoroughly convinced that the state of oklahoma was not culpable. >> we were shut down by the city of tulsa. and at that point, you know, i thought the ball game was over. >> this is a historic day for tulsa and for our country as we begin a test excavation in oak lawn cemetery. >> there's nothing abstract. there's nothing theoretical. this is not a research project. this is an investigation. >> scientists are set to finally break ground in the effort to find victims of the tulsa race massacre. >> nearly 100 years later, the families to victims of the 1921 tulsa race massacre could get answers and closure. >> it should have been done well before now, but it wasn't. that is a baton that's been handed to us. and it is not an easy race. the initial excavation, we focused on a location within oak lawn cemetery that we felt had a high likelihood for encountering a mass grave. we focused on an anomaly that had been detected. that anomaly to us was an indication that it was possibly a mass grave. as we were excavating down, we very quickly realized that we had materials that didn't really belong there. >> the search turned up many old artifacts, but after reaching three and a half meters in depth, the excavation was called off on wednesday. >> we do not have indications of a mass grave in this portion of oak lawn cemetery. >> sometimes stuff does make you want to just give up. but other times, it was those times like, no, you keep going because the ancestors are not going to let you give up. they gonna keep pushing you. when you say you quit, they say, no, you don't quit. they push you right back up and do it all over again. >> that's why it's cold today. ancestors are like, you're going to feel the chill of my bones today, man. >> ooh. >> yes. >> ooh. >> that's what they want us to feel. they want everybody to feel 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tulsa, you have predominantly white community. this city of tulsa is the most segregated city geographically, economically, socially and all of the above. >> growing up in north tulsa, the further i went south of where i lived, i started to notice buildings look different, institutions look different. wow, there's a whole 'nother world i wasn't even aware of. we've already experienced dislocation, urban removal, all of those things. those people who lived in greenwood saw its demise twice . >> i grew up at 1415 north greenwood. we owned a house on greenwood. when i grew up, i had a church in front of me, right literally behind me was the school that i went to. to my right was the black hospital that i was born in. that was moton hospital. and then we had jack's memory chapel right there. so the whole cycle of life was right within a block and a half of me where i live. that's the community i grew up in. as happened in every city across this nation in the '60s, '70s, there was something called urban, what they call renewal, what i call urban removal. yeah, i love that. you know, when they want to talk about black folks, right? since black folks live over here, that's the urban area, right? that's urban music. just call things as they are. >> to whites, the words urban renewal have a promising, hopeful sound. but to blacks, they mean move out. in a block like this, as many as a thousand men, women and children have been forced out in the name of some progress yet to come. >> so urban renewal was coming through, telling you all those houses that you're living in here, we have a better use, as they say, a greater use for this land. and they tell you we're going to renew your community. this is going to be better than you left it. they moved us out of our houses for the greater good. we were dislocated from our home. and when i tell you there's still a big space at 1415 north greenwood, nothing was ever built there. but they told us we had to go. and then you saw the decline of greenwood as you saw folks moved out of their homes. >> the reason and the causes of this economic downturn was the construction of the crosstown expressway that cut through the heart of greenwood. in fact, it took the heart out. urban renewal and this major highway construction really took out most of the entrepreneurial businesses that were there. >> this area has changed a lot with the crosstown coming through, hasn't it? a lot of the business moved out. >> yes. >> what happened in tulsa happened all over the united states. highways were located right through the heart of communities of color. th e monster, the boss. if i hadn't seen it in person, i wouldn't have believed it. eating is believing steph. the subway series. try subway's tastiest menu upgrade yet. 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>> the people who had homes to go to went to those homes. some people left town. the red cross was operating out of booker t. washington high school, and the red cross would buy them a train ticket if they wanted to leave town. >> i found that the high school building was still standing. i saw a big white streamer with a red cross on it. i felt pangs of joy, but this meant to me that i was getting in close touch with friends again. i breathed a prayer of thanks. >> the red cross began obtaining these tents that people could live in. >> many black families spent days, weeks, months living in tent cities on the charred earth. >> we stayed in those tents for five or six months, you know, until you could establish yourself and move somewhere else. >> everything they had was gone, and they were expected to immediately just go about their lives like nothing had happened. you have to think the trauma was terrible. >> on reaching the house, i saw my piano and all my elegant furniture piled in the street. my safe had been broken open, all my money stolen, all my silverware, cut glass, all my family clothing, and everything of value had been removed, even my family bible. my car was stolen and most of my law drafts were taken. i lost 17 houses that paid me an average of over $425 per month . >> in the immediate aftermath, there was a grand jury, and it indicted, i think it's 88 people, some of whom were white, most of whom were black. >> first, it was the indictment of j.b. stratford, who owned a hotel and was a lawyer. >> a.j. smitherman was the editor and publisher of the "tulsa star," which is the leading black newspaper. he, along with a number of other black men, was indicted for inciting a riot. >> let the blame for this negro uprising lie right where it belongs, on those armed negroes and their followers who started this trouble and who instigated it. and any persons who seeks to put half the blame on the white people are wrong. >> when i learned about bodies being dumped in mass graves and not ever receiving a proper burial, that touched me as a pastor on a visceral level . as a pastor, when you bury somebody, it's more than just giving a eulogy. when we do what we call the committal, which is that ashes to ashes, that dust to dust over their bodies, that is our way of spiritually releasing them to go wherever they're going. and to deny that to the people that were dumped or killed during the race massacre, it's evil. it shows you that at that time period, people didn't even care about the souls of black folks, let alone their bodies. i believe there is no expiration date on morality. and if it was wrong in 1921, and that it has not been repaired for today, then we ought to do something about it. that performance was legendary. they just piled it on. roast beef, ham, oven roasted turkey. all on the subway club. three peat - that's great. three meat - that's epic. the subway series. the greatest menu of all time. where there's a pet there's always...this. that's why we have the maytag pet pro laundry pair. save up to $750 on select major appliances + free delivery on items over $396. shop appliances now backed by the lowe's price promise. yes, i need a trim. i just want to be able to cut the damage. we tried dove instead. so, still need that trim? oh my gosh! i am actually shocked i don't need a haircut. don't trim daily damage. stop it with dove. everything's changing so quickly. before the xfinity 10g network, we didn't have internet that let us play all at once. every device? in every room? why are you up here? when i was your age, we couldn't stream a movie when the power went out. you're only a year older than me. you have no idea how good you've got it. huh? what a time to be alive. introducing the next generation 10g network. only from xfinity. the future starts now. the makes me feel kind of like charlie brown said, good grief. because it's good that we unveil the story, but it's grief to us as we unveil it. tell it right. they took those planes from that oil field, and they planned an aerial attack. and that's what makes it different from all the other race riots in america. tell it right. they bombed us. they bombed us . >> there's something very spiritual about this work. and anybody who thinks that this sacred ground that we find ourselves on, this crime scene that we found ourselves on is not going to speak, doesn't have the ears to hear. >> kevin ross talks about the red birds. he says that they're the spirits of our ancestors. monday morning, i went out to my garden. and as i stepped on my back porch, i saw a whole bunch of red birds. s and they were looking at me. and i ran in here to get my phone. kevin, i got to tell you the story of what happened to the red birds. he said, girly, come get -- he says girly. girly, come get your butt down here to the cemetery. i knew something huge is going to happen from that. and it did. >> i'm here to report an update. i can confirm that we have identified a large hole that had been excavated and into which several individuals have been placed. this constitutes a mass grave. >> tonight, scientists believe they have found evidence of a mass grave in oklahoma. >> more than a year after work started at oak lawn cemetery, the team found human remains. >> today is a significant moment in the history of our city in trying to do right by the victims of this event. >> when i heard that they found 12 bodies, i said, finally, finally, it's no longer folklore. it's no longer a rumor. it's true. and that's going to be the beginning of justice. >> people in this community who've been saying that bodies were dumped in mass graves, their stories are not being vindicated. it gets us one step closer in giving their families the opportunities to have the truth be known and actually give them a proper burial. >> this is all part of a mission to get back what was lost. we've lost a lot of history. we've lost a lot of testimony. we've lost a lot of known heritage that could have been passed down because it wasn't safe to talk about for so long. >> nobody said nothing until now. we're just now talking about it. >> growing up, old folks didn't talk, and they actually kind of hid a lot of stuff from us. >> staying quiet was one of those ways of protecting yourself. it's kind of in the back of your mind wondering, could this happen again? what can i do to prevent this from happening again for my children? >> it will always bring a scar to me, and i don't ever even speak of it, never even thought about speaking of this. it kind of happened. i said, why should you dig a barrel of worms, put some dirty worms inside, forget about what's going to happen? >> that is another part of trauma, the silence that it creates. and while people were murdered, and we need to acknowledge that, and we need to find them, we also need to talk about how they lived. we need to talk about what they built. we need to talk about what's left behind to tell that story, because that story lasts for 100 years. the massacre was two days. >> oh, lord, there can never be a light to take the darkness away. >> people say, why don't you leave here? because the memory of something that i would never see anywhere else is still here. >> these pages contain all of the photographs of my ancestors who lived on greenwood. the memory, we're connected to our memories. olivia hooker, who was a survivor, was a really beautiful soul. >> that night of the massacre, olivia hooker, who was a six-year-old girl, saw her own home ripped apart. white folks came into her house, destroyed her piano with a hatchet. and when they left, she went over there, and they struck the keyboard, and there was still sound coming out of that piano. that's who greenwood is. you might destroy the outside of me. you might shoot me. you might burn me. you're not going to destroy my soul. we still got a song to sing. >> we have these cycles of greenwood's being built, destroyed, rebuilt. if you look at it all together in a hundred-year journey, it's a consistent story of resilience. >> we are so close to getting over this madness. any time we can go on to be a great city, we are destined to be. my dreams of what greenwood should look like, it should look like us. ♪ ♪ >> my hope for greenwood is that she can become back what she used to be. >> i wish greenwood would be healed. a lot of stuff was buried deep. >> my dream is to have a replica of what we had in 1921 with all the black businesses, everybody supporting each other. >> we are the youngest business owners on greenwood. i would like to see young people, you know, rebuilding black wall street. >> let there be some type of closure and some type of life back here that we're enjoying. we need to reclaim what was ours from the beginning. our people built black wall street by hard work and dedication. we did it one time, we could do it again. greenwood can be that again. we can be all that we want to be. >> the body of a black man has been found hanging from a tree in mobile, alabama

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