and gillian tett, financial editor for "the new york times." i know jonathan has to leave in about 10 minutes, so we have to take advantage of his time. what do you make of all this? you have seen presidents. >> this particular president doesn't understand the impact he has every time he says something, or he tweets something. they said during the campaign that he will get better during the white house. the two failures is lack of a communication strategy, and the personalities way behind. saying that, it certainly is his prerogative to fire the fbi directed -- director, but you can't go out and beat him up. you have to say thank you for your 30 years of service. he had a difficult time and they questioned his judgments on some of the things he did in the case, but you can't go out there and better him around. you demoralized and agency that has been demoralized in the past . you can't make the accusations that he has ever leaked anything. raising things like tapes people , are saying what tapes are we talking about? those are bad words. and people are starting to compare it to nixon and carter. i think the key thing here is he has a very important trip next week. he has to settle this down and make republicans feel more confident, because they have a big task ahead of them. they are getting concerned about their own numbers. he doesn't worry about polls, but they worry. charlie: how does he do that? the republicans have felt like they had gotten things back on track. they passed the health care bill, they felt the president had this foreign trip coming up, tax reform was beginning to move through. this is a massive distraction from that. i think that ed is right. the president could have fired james comey without much drama. it was certainly going to be a controversy and a big story no matter what, but to do it and then to have your white house senior officials from the vice , president on down give an , explanation for why it happened for nearly two full days that turns out to be completely wrong, creates great uncertainty and i think puts that agenda in jeopardy. charlie: does it worry europe? gillian: it certainly worries europe and it worries asia as well. i was in asia last weekend. aboutpanese are talking the risk of north korean missile strikes and preparing, they are very -- making jokes, essentially, black jokes, about who looks more crazy the , president of president trump or the president of north korea. that is an extreme parity, but the reality is that these kind of tweets, this kind of reality tv presidential performance is leaving people around the world not only baffled but increasingly alarmed given the , severity of the geo political challenges. charlie: why does he do it? gillian: i think he does it because it is instinct, and because of his interest in the media. he wants to reach directly. much in the same way that kennedy used television or obama used emails and also seeking to try and show that he is actually in power. he has this platform. he is trying to destabilize his opponents as well. charlie: ronald reagan would have said what about this? >> he would have said thank you to james comey and would have quickly found an appropriate replacement, and move on. ronald reagan never badmouth anybody. it wasn't his style. charlie: can anybody say no to donald trump? >> i don't think there's anyone who can. jared kushner is in the family and has the ability to be more direct with the president, and his daughter, but it's not their style to go into the oval office buttell him he's wrong, they do try to steer him in a certain direction. but this is a president who is completely in charge of this west wing and likes the fact that there are different factions, and play them off, and set them competing against one another. the president gave a videotaped message to the r.n.c. meeting out in san diego and he predicted that they could pick up many seats in the mid-term election because things are going so well. i mean, it's hard to find any republicans that think that is the case. but charlie can you imagine what , this white house looks like if the republicans lose significant seats and lose control of the house of representatives, what this white house looks like? >> that conversation is going on right now. members are very concerned. we have a 20 plus seat margin. most of the seats are safe, but they are concerned. he doesn't care about whole numbers, which are astronomically bad, except they are dragging down republicans everywhere. the generic poll has republicans losing badly to democrats in the head-to-head. that creates chaos, certainly when they have tough, unpopular issues to move forward -- health care and the tax reform. he should be building reports for fellow members. to a certain extent, they are shaking their heads, wondering if the ship is going to straighten out and move forward. they want to move forward, but right now, there is a real panic. i want to make sure no one at this table is saying that it's the beginning of the end, but how does this president change his behavior, if he is 70 years old, and he has been acting this way out of government all his life? >> he's also somebody who has to be veryd successful, he became president of the united states. the question is not whether he can change his behavior, but whether or not it can be channeled. this trip on friday, this is an extended foreign trip on 10 days and not only the trip to saudi arabia, but he is going to israel and the vatican and nato meeting in brussels, he has a g7 meeting in sicily. trump on thedent world stage. he actually performs quite well on the world stage. going back to the campaign, one of the highlights during the general election was when he made his secret trip to mexico, and people said wow, donald , trump can be presidential. that is a chance for him to change the dynamic, but this is something that is set up to dramatically distract from that trip. i mean, this was an unnecessary distraction. charlie: what do they expect from rod rosenstein? >> he came close to resigning. they have officially denied that he threatened to resign, because he didn't actually come in and say that, but i know from people that directly spoke to the deputy attorney general that he came very close. he was on the verge of resigning, because the comey firing was being blamed on him and pinned on him. he never actually recommended that comey be fired. he did that three-page memo and it brought indictment of comey's fbi director and handling of the clinton email case, but he never said to fire him. first and foremost is that they i think hope he doesn't quit. i think that's why you saw the president so dramatically and quite honestly change the story and tell the truth in which he had already decided to fire comey and wanted additional reasons to be put forward. does anybody not in the fbi know what they have and where the investigation is and why the f.b.i. director was asking for more money and more personnel to pursue the investigation, and why somebody else called it a significant, a significant investigation? >> well, the person that said it was a significant investigation is now the acting fbi director, mccabe. and he also said, and this is important, charlie, because the story was in the front pages of "the washington post," that his final days, asked for more resources and more money. mccabe told the committee yesterday, that that was not true, that the f.b.i. did not ask for additional resources, but he did say it's a significant investigation and highly important investigation, but it is also not the only one. i thought it was significant, right after we heard from the comey firing, we see the senate intelligence committee issue subpoenas to michael flynn to have him turn over documents related to their russian investigation. i think there are multiple investigations, that if anything, it may be stepped up as a result of the comey firing, not stopped. charlie: jonathan, i know you have other duties, but thanks so much for being here. back to europe, is it possible, is it possible that this president can achieve what he hopes to do in terms of saudi arabia and putting together in terms of some grand alliance and other arab states of sunni persuasion to get them to rally against iran in hopes of combination with israel, they can come out with israeli-palestinian deal? gillian: if you want to be optimistic after this last week, there are two reasons why you can be. firstly, the president has shown himself willing to talk very tough and then make a retreat. we are seeing it with china in relation to trade. there is some hope that maybe in relation to russia and the middle east and syria, there could be a grand bargain in the offing. the second reason why there is hope to be optimistic is because actually around president trump there are a number of people who are widely respected on the international stage. general mattis and mcmaster and rex tillerson as well. that is the optimistic scenario that something good will come out of this chaotic week. the more pessimistic reading is that he has seen his standing on the world stage diminished. it is worth noting that if you look at the european betting markets, they have been putting the chance of the trump impeachment or removal as rising -- significantly rising odds this week 50%, 60%, much higher , than any of the u.s. markets are looking at. and that psychology see the national stage and how they look at trump. some think he may be a lame duck quite soon. charlie: do you think that could happen with republicans in control of both houses? >> no, i don't. i worry about the houses. we don't have enough republicans. we have a majority, but two or three go south any time we lose momentum. 20 is not a giant number in the house of representatives. obama had way more, any time there is big legislation and we have very tough stuff ahead. they have to believe in him. he has great strengths. there has been moments where he showed great strength. he was showing higher numbers of leadership. not necessarily approval, but leadership. and then the danger is, who cares about rosie o'donnell? why are you tweeting about her? he can't let anything go. he doesn't act presidential. when he goes on the world stage, this is a big test. reagan stumbled on the first economic, summit and then came back roaring in the second. this is where people can look at him and put him up against other world leaders, seeing if he can do it. i think he can. but if he can't, and he distracts everyone else, then it becomes a distraction. charlie: why do you think he can do it? >> i think he's a performer. he has a confidence factor that i have seen him head to head with world leaders and doesn't flinch. and the strongest team he has around him is the foreign policy team. even though tillerson is not experienced at state, he is experienced that world affairs. i think mcmaster is first-rate. he has a very strong team. the treasury team is very good. and my sense he has the best team and best opportunity if he sits and takes the counsel. i agree that the team is well-respected and have credibility on the world stage. but you can't deny the fact that you are seeing a distracted at best president and at worst, damaged president, dealing with foreign policy issues that are serious. north korea is a significant threat right now. you have the middle east in chaos. you have had the syrian problem running on and on. europe is increasingly worried about refugees. then you have the pressure problem. it is worth pointing out that the fbi are not the only group of people looking into russia right now, and the links with trump. you have european intelligence groups interested in that as well. you have a lot of threat, a lot of juggling. one thing that worries me is that the president does not seem good at multitasking. he is a one track, one issue a day kind of president. the question about whether he can multitask in this agenda is very important going forward. charlie: go ahead. >> equally as important, i've been around a long time, i was there during the watergate period -- the press have been waiting a long, long time to find another woodward and bernstein, another pulitzer prize winner. if i was him, i would say to let it run its course. don't let the senate create a press -- special prosecutor. let them run their course and talk about other things. i don't know if there is anything there. i don't care if there's anything there at this but what i do care point. about is the next month he has to perform where he gets his own side and members to pass significant legislation which isn't easy. they have to at least get on the track to pass legislation. if that falls apart, if he doesn't get a health care bill or top -- or tax bill, the rest is irrelevant. charlie: thank you. back in a moment. stay with us. ♪ charlie: susan wojcicki is here, the ceo of youtube, the google over aideo platform has billion users and 88 countries. her history with google dates back to 1988 when she was -- 16.e number six since then she has made pivotal contribution to the country -- company, including advertising. i am pleased to have her here at the table for the first time. welcome. you should have been earlier. i'll take the blame. susan: thank you so much for having me. charlie: tell me, when they moved to alphabet, some of us thought that youtube might have lifted itself from the google umbrella. susan: the idea of alphabet was to give a scaleable platform. google and alphabet has expanded into so many new areas from fiber to medical, to cars. and youtube, you might think would become an independent company because of the brand we have, we have over a billion users. the region that we had. yet, youtube is an integral part of google. our mission about enabling everyone to have a voice and to be able have a large collection of video is really similar to google and we are integrating in so many different ways, so in the end it made sense to keep youtube as part of google. charlie: it was acquired in 2006? susan: yes. charlie: when did you realize it could be big, or did you know that when you bought it? susan: i think early on we realized it could be really big. that was because -- there were a few insights. the first insight was that people all over the world wanted to upload video and have that be shared. so when we first started, we had a basic link, and it said upload video. incredibly people did. , people all over the world uploaded video. it was like wow, people want to , share their video with the world. the second insight, which was even more surprising, is that other people wanted to watch regular people's videos like themselves. so i remember we had our first hit. our first hit was the two students in their dorm room singing to the backstreet boys and they were so funny. they were so creative about it. and the numbers we had were just -- we just saw, this is a hit, people want to watch all kinds of content. charlie: you said youtube has grown up. what did you mean? susan: youtube started out with people uploading -- charlie: cats and more people. susan: yes. cats and interesting things that they saw along the way. and then what happened was people started to realize i'm getting a lot of viewers and then a number of people became youtubers. they became professional youtube creators, and realized i could make a living by uploading and creating videos. i think that as the next generation video companies. these are people who have a global brand. a lot of times they have millions of subscribers and they are making a good living on youtube. they are extremely well-known, extremely famous among their demographic. with ahad youtube collection of a huge amount of video content many professional and television is using it by promoting it and having it be a part of a website where there are a billion people every month to watch month. charlie: google was born in your garage. these two guys from stanford showed up and said they would like to rent your garage. susan: yes, they did. i was looking for someone to help pay the mortgage. they were looking for a place to rent. it turned out to be a pretty good match. so they moved in. just looking for them to cover the mortgage at the time. it wasn't like i was looking for a hot startup are anything. [laughter] i wasn't looking to change my career. i was looking just for them to pay the rent. and they successfully paid the rent, and in the meantime i learned a lot about google. i realized they were onto something and i decided to join. charlie: everybody asks you this, and i ask it of people all the time -- what is the next big thing? what is the next new frontier? virtual reality, artificial intelligence, is it all of those things or something else? susan: i think those are big questions and certainly all of them that you mentioned whether it is v.r. or a.i. or i think -- are artificial learning, i think they can pay -- play a big role in the future. we see something like machine learning being really powerful today. have 400 hours uploaded to youtube every minute. we need to match that to the billion users we have coming to the site. how do we do that? we need to learn and have symptoms that have the best recommendations. how do we figure out what you are interested in? charlie: have you figured it out? susan: the machines will teach the machine something. so we'll give them an initial set of information for them to andble to learn something, from there they can figure it out and make recommendations. because otherwise it's not scalable for us to recommend all the videos to you or the next person over here and be the -- and to have that be the right set for them. machine learning right now has been incredibly powerful for us. charlie: someone said to me the other day, that's what people in silicon valley talk most about this days is machine learning. susan: it is very useful and powerful today. vr is anhe yard example of powerful technology that can be great in the future, but it is still really early. and so how can you experience video where you are watching and you are fully immersive in that video experience? and that's a new art, a new experience, but it's hard to do. there's a platform. there's content. how do you figure out how to build platforms -- content for the platform when there are not that many platforms yet? we have tried to make it really accessible. we came up with something called is made out ofh cardboard, and it is a way of taking your phone and putting it into the cardboard, and you are experience. a vr we are focused on making it a low-cost, easy experience for people to experience that. charlie: how is this world of how we distribute video and the world that we see, changing? youtube has changed the way we receive and interact with video. i see across the board that we are undergoing a significant change in how we receive and interact with video. i will say there are many factors. i will start with one of them, which is users expecting the content to be on demand, and the content to be searchable. the ability for you to be able to find any content you want, at the moment that you wanted. one of the things that is enabled that we did not have in the past is education. if you want to know how to do a specific math problem, if you want to know how to fix if young in your house, want to do a magic trick, you can look that up today on youtube and learn it. the opportunities for learning are immense on youtube. it's amazing when i go around the world, all the things people say they learned from you too. that is significant. another important area is the concept of what we call community. no longer is video a two-way video a one-way broadcast. it is a two-way conversation. if you are a creator, you can post a video and your fans can lead you comments, and as a creator you can go back and comment. you can participate in the conversation. we are doing even more to be about to enable the fans and creators to communicate more together. they say things like, what should my next video be about? the conversation between the fans and creators that actually drive the creation of the media. charlie: i will occasionally use it this way. if so and so is coming in, what should we ask? what should we be curious about? the capacity to have that many people producing for you is wonderful. susan: yes. that is why it has moved to being a conversation. it's a community. we see amazing groups coming together and building communities around specific video on youtube. it's also global. we see creators and they could originate from one country and will have a global audience, and that community is becoming global. charlie: what's going to be obsolete because of all the things we have talked about so far? susan: i think what i would say is that if you look at some of the traditional media, it is not necessarily going one way, it is evolving. it's adapting to the new medium. that is where we see tv or traditional medium putting some of their content on an online platform or developing their own online app, or their own way of communicating with customers, so they can have benefits of the communication. i think that the content, over time, will revolve and moved to the platforms that are more dynamic and surgical, that are -- searchable, that are on-demand and on your mobile phone, that can enable conversation. some of the older platforms that are maybe not as -- that don't have those features, over time you will see less usage of that. charlie: other than human resources like you, what is the most valuable asset that youtube has? susan: susan: i would say the library of content. charlie: and the number of users? susan: and the number of users. ecosystem have between our creators, users, and advertisers, is incredibly compelling, and it is not just one part of it. you need all three parts of it to work. you need to have the advertisers funding the creators, so creators can create more content. from there, you have more content for the users. charlie: define a youtube star. susan: somebody who creates youtube videos and has a large number of followers. either their videos have a large number of views or they have a large number of subscribers. 10 million subscribers, for example. that would be a very successful youtube star. if you talk to teens today, variety did a study and asked "who are the biggest celebrities?" eight of the top 10 were youtubers when they did this study. who are the top celebrities among teens? charlie: eight of the 10 are youtubers. susan: creators on youtube. we thought, "how can we help these youtubers take it to the next level?" we have been focused with our youtube creators and working with them and traditional talent. susan: for example, in doing a new medium. if they traditionally do blogging, maybe they will do a movie or series with us or other youtube stars, with some traditional media, so we have created over 30 original content pieces so far, and that is part of our subscription service, and we are seeing that -- we are seeing some really good traction. charlie: you know what happens to me, 25 years i have sat at this table and talked to people, a remarkable range of people. so youtube people will aggregate their favorite things. i'm not sure whether this is legal, but they put it on youtube. it is amazing how creative they are in terms of taking stuff and telling stories. susan: well, i think one of the things i have found really impressive with youtube is just the human creativity. the fact that there are so many creative people in the world, and there are so many stories to tell, and i find something -- there is something really human about youtube that you can go onto youtube, see people who are like yourself. on youtube, there is a lot of discussion about topics that is not happening as much on traditional media, and that we talk about authenticity. the fact that people are representing themselves as they truly are, being as honest as possible with their audience. that is really compelling. the creativity and authenticity that we see across the platform. charlie: back to doing things that netflix is doing or amazon, and you mentioned what you are doing. can you see that developing to a much more sophisticated level over youtube so that all your users can watch much longer material? like an hour and a half of the film or documentary? susan: we do have lots of documentaries today on youtube, so people may upload them as part of our service. it is free to our users, but it is monetized with ads. we have many different content creators. anyone who wants to have -- the billion people we have on youtube that want to be able to have the opportunity to offer it to them, and they want to have as much meat as possible, they will post it on youtube. youtube is really popular with short form content. it is really successful there. it also -- we do have longer form content, movies. charlie: what is the potential of that in your judgment? susan: i think there is potential. platforms do not get divided in terms of just like short term or long form platform. when people come to youtube, they want to watch a video and they want to sit down. they are open to seeing whatever we recommend for them or whatever they search for, and to see that. they have on the user sessions where they will watch their number of videos and longform videos too. over the last four to five years, is the greatest discovery is that advertising was perfectly paired to support mobile users? i remember for facebook, a time that they were worried, "will advertising dollars flow to mobile devices?" and a clearly did, as you are here to testify as well for facebook. susan: yes. yes. yes. well, i think like any new medium, it takes time to transition. at google, we worked really hard. we realize mobile was coming. we worked to bring the ad formats over to mobile, but mobile is -- first of all, it is an amazing device for watching videos, for doing anything you are doing, like shopping, directions. so from a mobile perspective, you can serve ads that are really relevant and useful for those users, so both on our core properties like search and youtube, we have been able to make the transition to mobile. charlie: how long is the normal visiting time for someone who is coming to youtube? is it two minutes? or is it -- susan: no, they are longer sessions, and so, it might depend on the device they are in and the country they are in, but we could easily see someone coming to youtube for one hour. charlie: really? susan: yeah. charlie: can you pick out what is going to go viral? if you do, i assume you would have magical powers. and you instantly see something and say that is going to go viral? susan: we cannot, but our machines might be able to see it and they recommend it to more people. we will see based on the user patterns, look, here is something that looks like it is doing really well, and what we started to do is we created a trending tab, so we take the videos we see are on the rise and growing really quickly, and we put them in a trending tab specifically for users who are really interested what are the new trends, what are the new videos that are breaking and becoming really viral and interesting for people to see. charlie: what is the biggest challenge for you? susan: you know, i think the challenge for tech is always just the change in the industry. the industry is constantly changing. you know, making sure you are seeing ahead and being able to in some ways -- as technology leaders, we need to see in the future and invest ahead of time in technologies we believe in. charlie: no one has been a stronger and more active proponent in the issues of gender discrimination in silicon valley than you. tell me how it is changing. susan: well, i think it is a really important issue to address. i see that the change we are going through right now from a digital perspective is similar to a change we went through with the printing press. suddenly, there is an incredibly new set of information that was unavailable beforehand to users, information in a massively different and new way. i am concerned that the number of women who are getting degrees in computer science is only 20%. if you look across the companies, there may be 30% or a third of many silicon valley companies. charlie: why is that? susan: that is a good question. i think there is a misunderstanding among young women and girls about what computer science really is, and i think they may see it as a more geeky less attractive field for them to go into, when in truth, it is incredibly exciting, fast-moving, social, it is creative. if you think about this, this is one of the major forces we have right now that is changing all parts of our world. not just technology. technology is changing so many parts of our world. we need to have more women there. it would be like having the printing press and saying only 20% of women can read and write. if you have that, if only 20% of women could write, what would be all the great literature you are missing? there would be a lot you're missing. that is a challenge when you look at it from a societal standpoint. it is important to be able to encourage women to be part of this big change. charlie: is silicon valley waking up to this reality? susan: there have been issues that have caused it to be a lot more discussion on this in silicon valley. people have always known the diversity numbers are not as strong as we would like them to be. i think there has been increased awareness about how can we do more to support women in the tech field? charlie: and avoid dissemination? susan: and avoid some of the issues we have had. i think it really is important. i have put out a piece in vanity fair. i recommended three things. first, it needs to come from the top. it needs to be the leader of the tech company that says we want to make this a diverse environment. we are excited to make it a diverse environment. we are going to work on it for a management team. able to give to be the teams the right resources to go out and execute on that. to you also need to be able enable current diverse teams to be able to be successful. we have some diversity in the company, but they are not happy. how can we make sure they understand what the issues are? how can you help them be successful? do not ask them, the one woman in the group to say we want you to organize the women's event. that is not really fair to her. lastly, i think everyone can be a mentor and an advocate in some ways. i have been fortunate that i had some really amazing mentors at google. i know that behind the scenes, they have helped me in a number of ways and when i needed help, when i was concerned about something, or needed someone to guide me or get me invited somewhere, i know they reached out for me. and i have them to thank. actually i always tell women that your mentor is your advocate. they actually have to be men because the leaders in silicon valley are mostly men, so they need to reach out and find the next generation and support them and grow them. charlie: at apple, they have a meeting every monday morning of every week. they allowed me to come in and see the beginning once. the keycts, and all people there, i forgot how many, i have heard there is a similar meeting that larry page conducts at google on friday. true? susan: we have a meeting on friday, well it used to be on fridays. it is on thursdays now. it is called, well, it was called tgif. it was an opportunity for anyone to be able to ask -- to go over the key updates of things that happen in the week, different teams to present, but also it is an opportunity for anybody in the company to ask a question, so yes, we have that as a , tradition. i do something similar at youtube. i do my own friday because google move theirs to thursdays, so that freed up fridays. existing products. sometimes, you see something and you say that this is the future. i am seeing it for the first time in the world is changing. charlie: give me an example of that. susan: let me go back in history and give a few examples. the first time that i saw maps, and the idea that you could actually have an image of every single place in the world, and it was stunning. it was stunning. in today's world, kids do not know what the paper maps are. of course not, right? they all have the digital maps. the time you see that, that is first breathtaking. home, so google has a device, google home, and the first time you see it on stage and you see that this is, like, almost like a star trek computer. right? you can ask it a question and it can give you an answer to anything. you can ask it to play music and it can give you the weather, can give you sports scores, your calendar. it is amazing. and then you think wow, this is , the beginning. what is it going to look like in five or 10 years? that's incredible. or even next year? it is going to be a lot better than it currently is. these are all really exciting moments when you see those and you start thinking, like, well, today, maybe we get one and it is cool? but they get cheaper and cheaper and you can have in every room. one maybe you can have these very smart but amazing speakers and people, like little google home devices that can help you. and so -- charlie: everybody is going there, it seems to me, from echo or alexa to what google has to what apple will have. susan: i think, you know, that is an example, right? idea that you know is going to change. there are not many devices out there in the world. there is just not. but it is going to come. that is one of the things i have really enjoyed and learned in technology. you have to have, you have to think about the future, and you have to believe in the future, so when people come to you, and they say what sounds like crazy ideas, you know, the very first one. sergey and larry, were going to build a search engine and bring information everybody. i am like, ok, you're renting my house. good luck. but then they actually do and they say or going to take a picture and have a map of everything in the world. or they say were going to have balloons and they're going to and provideky wi-fi, so you know, at first, you are not sure what to think. i have learned you have to believe in the future and you have to be very forward thinking. you think about the home devices. what can that device do? how can it make you smarter? how can it help you at that moment? charlie: in the sense of our success as a nation, beyond our values and constitution, has been our lead in technology. how do we maintain that lead? susan: i definitely agree that our lead has come -- i think the technology has been a big factor in that. in order to maintain that, you know, there are many things we need to do. a, one thing we could do as a nation is add more computer science training in our schools. so we all take biology, we all take chemistry, but we are not going to become doctors or chemists or pharmacists. but if you think about his next generation, how can they be most prepared? if they are not afraid of technology come if they can embrace technology and learn technology -- and you don't need to learn everything, just enough that you are willing to learn more. and i wish so much that we would be able to offer computer science in all the schools. i think that would handle the gender imbalances and differences with minorities. it would solve so many issues. as a nation, to think about the next generation growing up, with such strong computer science skills, that would be incredibly powerful. and i am very optimistic about the future. i am optimistic about all the opportunities it is going to provide, all the ways that we as humans will be smarter and better because of technology that will enable us to do our jobs better, to make better decisions, to enrich our lives in a number of ways. i am excited. charlie: pleasure to have you. back in a moment. stay with us. ♪ the show's about to start! how do i look? like a bald penguin. [ laughing ] show me the billboard music awards. show me top artist. show me the top hot 100 artist. they give awards for being hot and 100 years old? we'll take 2! [ laughing ] xfinity x1 gives you exclusive access to the best of the billboard music awards just by using your voice. the billboard music awards. sunday, may 21st eight seven central only on abc. ♪ charlie: tina carr is the rory peck trust,lori pec an organization that protects freelance journalists around the world. it was founded in 1995 through the trust operates in over 60 countries today. i am pleased to have tina at this table for the first time. welcome. tina: thank you. charlie: tell me more about the peck trust. tina: we are very small and we were globally to help freelancers the coast freelancers have always been part of the news community, which has been very formidable. they are having any credibly tough time right now. the climate is changing. the whole reason i feel we are more relevant than we have ever been in our work is that freelancers were a huge part of independent journalism. the whole journalism landscape has changed. we are noticing a massive change in the amount of people coming to us for the kind of help we give. charlie: and why is that? tina: for all sorts of reasons. first of all, there are more freelance journalists than there used to be. news organizations are using them more because freelance journalists all around the world who have been working as citizen journalists want to know. they are becoming freelance journalists. there are many more. the whole community is growing. there is a greater demand from the news organizations for them, and they are really covering every area. they are covering online, filming, writing, photojournalism, everything. charlie: i am told that more and more freelancers are being hired after brexit and the rise of populism around the world. tina: oh, well, yeah. i do not know if there is more being hard, but it was already starting. freelancers are being hired more over the last four or five years. charlie: is that because of course, not so much because of economic decision by country but because of wars? tina: these organizations do not always and cannot always send their staff into certain areas and rely quite a lot on local freelancers. that means not the people who are going in from other countries and flying in and out, but the people who actually live and work in the countries they are reporting on. charlie: what do you provide them? tina: we provide them with absolute direct practical help. we give them financial help. it might be that they have had an injury and need help to pay for the medical costs. they might have been injured in conflict. they might have been injured in accident did it might be that they are having to go into hiding. this happens a huge amount. charlie: because? tina: because they are telling the truth about something and somebody does not want them to tell the truth. so freelance journalists, many of them are threatened. they live under this kind of constant atmosphere of harassment. some of them have to go into hiding. some of them had to escape very quickly. some of them have to go into permanent exile. that is a figure that has increased enormously over the last few years, and it is because people do not want them to tell the stories they are telling. charlie: how many people are doing what you do, what your trust does? tina: we are probably the smallest, but there is organizations, many wonderful organizations, that support journalists. we are the only organization that was founded specifically to be dedicated to freelance journalists, and we remain the only organization in the whole world that just looks after freelance journalists. charlie: james foley was a freelance journalist. tina: yes, he was. we, yeah -- charlie: for the benefit of our viewers, brutally -- tina: yes. charlie: killed by isis. go ahead. tina: well, that is really when everything began to change. although we had been working with and talking about freelancers since 1995, in 2014, foley and then two others, everyone got to know there was such thing as a freelance journalist, that they were vulnerable, and who was going to step in and help them and their families if anything happened to them? it made a massive difference. we had actually known james. we had helped him when he had a particular need out one time. we had given money to help him. we have also been in touch closely with the family of austin, who as you know was taken five years ago in syria and remains missing until this day, and that is a terrible thing that he is still missing after five years. charlie: did james foley contact you? tina: james contacted us at the time because he and a friend wanted to do a particular thing and did not have the money to do it, and we helped them. they wanted to help a freelance colleague of theirs, and we gave them money to help them do that. charlie: often, in terms of my experience with freelance journalists, they simply want to cover the story. that is what drives them, covering the story. and covering it without fear. not without fear, they'll have fear, but covering it with deep understanding of the risks they are taking. tina: i think that is true. i think freelancers are responsible. they are always at the center of wherever it is that, that whirlpool. that is where freelancers are going to be, and that is where they are going to go to and they are brave, and mostly, not risk takers, mostly really professional about what they are doing. charlie: they want to report and they want to live. tina: they want to report. they want to live. peck said when you go into war, the first thing you want to do is get out again as quickly as possible and tell the story. charlie: how many freelancers do you support? tina: we help over 150 a year with grants, assistance grants. we do not give big sums of money. we give small sums of money which do something for them. charlie: thank you for coming. tina: thank you very much. charlie: pleasure to have you here. tina: thank you. charlie: thank you for joining us. see you next time. ♪ >> i am alisa parenti. this is a check of your first word news. white house press secretary sean spicer declined why to address why president trump hasn't this about his travel and targeting some muslim nations, that he said the executive order will be upheld in court. judges from the ninth u.s. circuit court of appeals in seattle heard arguments in a lawsuit filed over the ban. supreme court justices refused to reinstate ballot restrictions that a lower court said targets blacks with the most surgical precision. state republican leaders supported the restrictions which required voters to show i.d. and eliminated same-day