charlie: it is such a great story. it? have we learned from guest: announcing people understand how scientifically are.e -- valuable they they're basically time capsules. comment, youle a have a chance of seeing what the solar system was like billions of years ago, where our chemistry came from some of the history of where we are. there was the beauty of the images returned from rosetta, but we also got an example to show that the water in our bodies is more likely find in asteroids and comets. we are piecing together the origin of the story of life. charlie: it was a 12 year flight? guest: yes, the launch was in 2004. charlie: that is amazing to me. guest: isn't it amazing? the rosetta mission had two different touchdowns. there was the filet lander -- philae lander. have a this comment will little bit of us. charlie: the landing must have been difficult. guest: they had some practice 2014, ande, back in it was not without dramatic moments. it needed to land on a flat surface so that it would not bounce around and leave the comment -- comet. they discovered later it bounced around a little bit. knoware not able to really what happened to it, because the link back to us is now severed. charlie: what is most surprising about this? the successful mission and landing, or the data they have gained, or understanding something about the way it works? i think it was something that came to be after many years of dreaming, that something like this could happen. this goes back to the 1970's, it was not approved into the 1990's, and finally took off in 20 -- 2004. we are now trying to land and mine asteroids for business purposes, and it gives us proof of how we can go through this. back to thelinkage beginning of time is interesting and beautiful. charlie: rachel, what you love about the story? guest: i love a lot about the story. -following it -- i have been following it since beginning. it really captured the public imagination, and i think people have been way more engaged than they would of been otherwise. people got really attached to the lander and invested when it went missing. it has wrapped up nicely, and it is recently they located the lander in its final resting place. one thing i love about the end of the rosetta mission, it sounds like a waste of a billion dollar spacecraft to crash into the comet, but it is a perfect way to end the mission. legcomet is on the outward of its mission, and it would have lost the sunlight. instead of watching it slowly die and hoping that five years from now they can awaken back up again, they decided to spend it on a particularly entrusting act on the part of the comet. the data they got on the crash landing today will contribute to the body of knowledge we have about this comment and comments comets inand general. charlie: it is moving at 80,000 miles per hour, correctly -- correct me if i'm wrong. help us understand more about co mets. guest: this was one of the main goals of the mission, to observe a comet. many people know that they have a beautiful tale, and a solar wind will blow the tale out. the amazing thing about this mission is we were there for the beginning of the process, we were there as it approached the sun became more active, we saw jet coming off of it. that was one of the more exciting things for me, every day by day as it got closer to the sun, you would see more dramatic things going on. charlie: two things happened this week. we were also reminded by elon musk that he is going to try to go to mars and send spacecraft mars, and people to mars. and then this remarkable landing on a comet by rosetta. the is one more time that exploration of the skies is continuing. the constant exploration of what we do not know is continuing even though it might not have had as much publicity when we were sending up spacecraft to land on the moon, and all of its publicity without. -- with that. yes? guest: the advent of social media has changed what publicity means. i was very pleased when we flew by pluto, we had a social media imprint of over 12 billion, which means there were billions of people who came back more than once to learn about the mission. things were sort of front-page news during the apollo mission, but we have a very broad reach now. that is an evolution i have enjoyed seeing. the european space agency really took wonderful advantage of this with rosetta. nasa was able to help with this, as well. charlie: nasa was involved in what way? guest: in the mission itself, nasa contributed three of the instrument and collaborated on a fourth. but as far social media, the thing that really got me was they had these little cartoon characters for both the orbiter and lander, and everything that happened, the cartoon characters would show was going on. i got sort of emotionally attached to them. as the lander went to sheet -- sleep, a got me emotionally involved. learne: are we going to new things about the formation of the universe in the relationship between? guest: we've learned quite a few things already. we know that there was some amino acid on the comet that maybe helped to seed life honor. -- on earth. maybe they brought within a starter pack for life when they crash landed here. , is one of example the compounds. it is where the compounds found in a lot of proteins. you also have phosphorus being brought. that is involved in dna makeup. elements that link is back to the beginnings of the universe. data that theof rosetta spacecraft took that scientists will continue to analyze for years to come. charlie: the associated press wrote, and i will ask you about earth ever, should be threatened by an asteroid, the experience gained from the rosetta mission will prove valuable. guest: in general, when we talk about flying space rocks, we want to understand how they are, how they behave in their orbit. one thing that is interesting is that when we look at asteroids near earth and the upcoming asteroid elated missions that nasa has planned, they're going to grab a piece of an asteroid, they're going to try to redirect an asteroid. a big part of those missions is understanding the way those bodies interact with the sun as they come closer to it. for example, we know that when these bodies warm up, it changes their trajectory, but we don't know enough to factor that into models. that is why there is often a large margin of error when you're talking about how likely something is to hit earth. it's just understanding how these things are composed, how they came to be, how they act when they are close to the sun, and it will really help us determine whether or not something is a threat but also if we get good at having spacecraft that can successfully orbit or land on these bodies, and needs me to -- means we are more likely to interact with them in a way that would stop them. charlie: what is the most tantalizing question for you about spacex oration -- space exploration? michelle? the reason we do space exploration really is to look for our own origins. we are trying to find our history out there, all the way back to the formation of the solar system. comets are a big piece of that puzzle. we have a sample of what your molecules were like billions of years ago. i am looking for that story of why am i here talking to you, how did the universe make that happen? rachel? guest: i'm really excited about our plan to launch toward europa , and also looking at moons in our solar system that have oceans on them that could be full of weird, microbial life. it's always exciting when we talk about other planets in other solar systems, but the idea that we might be able to find life so close to home or not find life even though conditions to support exist is so intriguing and i cannot wait until we are far enough along to answer those questions. charlie: and you? guest: i am a huge traveler, so for me it is the idea that perhaps in my lifetime i might be able to pay a couple of hundred thousand dollars to get into space. i want to go, i want to see the earth and moon. charlie: anybody who has seen it says you cannot imagine the experience of seeing the perspective of, there is earth. guest: seeing the earth from above would be spectacular. charlie: thank you well, it is a pleasure to have you on the program and to know each of you. appetite.y we will be right back, stay with us. ♪ ♪ charlie: mark phillips is here, he is the senior foreign correspondent for cbs news. his unique style of writing blends accuracy and attitude with a little humor. his catalog of work has earned him the respect of his peers and he is been recognized with multiple emmys. everything from the syrian refugee crisis to the royal family. here is a look at some of his many reports. princess, not yet 10 hours old when she left the hospital with her parents. it may be a while before any prince charming arrives to wake her, but if she opened her eyes she would see a familiar sight. hundreds of people looking at her. >> are you are saying you would rather people were poor and out of the eu? itit is not happening here -- happening. queen is there to be, not to do. mark has been based in the london bureau for more than two decades. i am pleased to have him here. welcome. guest: thank you very much. charlie: can you think of anything you would rather do? guest: other than go sailing? [laughter] charlie: anything comparable? guest: no, i cannot think of a career i would rather have than the one i have had. it is not all gallivanting around to the world's garden spots, i will say that. [laughter] guest: some can be like hell, some of them are hell. you are up until 1:00 in the morning, that kind of thing. but it has been pretty satisfying. charlie: do you love storytelling? ,uest: it is finding out stuff which i guess amounts to the same thing. figuring out how to get across what it is the you are that,sing, and not just even more important, what you are witnessing means. not just there but to people in the audience. transcript.ead a that. i must do journalism kenexa vents to the roles of people, that kind of thing. it is not just the shock of the new, it is the meaning of the new. guest: i think we all recognize in television that it is not the best medium for explaining stuff. it is too easy to rely on the emotional. it is a close up medium. decrying, the tear stained baby's face. it is the journalism of victimhood. it is a thing you see, and it is a lot easier to put the picture on the air and let it tell its story than to get into the reasons why that child is in that situation. say to me, why so many fires and why so many floods? guest: it is not just in tv, there is a tendency through journalism generally. it is also a responsibility if you're there. there is a responsibility to tell people not just what is going on but why. charlie: the london bureau is legendary within the halls of cbs. row.oes back to edward r mur there is something there. guest: it is a special place within the company and within the business. it was effectively the first foreign bureau established in the war years, which was then radio. livenk the more places you , the more you would like to live in a place with all of the good things in it. there is no perfect place. london has become home. charlie: it depends on how hot the story is at that place. if you were there during the -- tothat it went from gorbachev. guest: i had three general secretaries. charlie: and and drop off -- andropov. all of that and the beginnings of glasnost. it was a whirlwind when i was there. it was also a period when you can see the bits falling off of the system. upeet markets were being set , there was a desperate attempt to keep the system together, and gorbachev realizing, he said later he realized it was a losing cause. it was a good time to be there. at cbs news, one of the meaningful moments for me because i was so new, i was hadg "night watch," and i to announce journey goes -- a depth to washington. there was, the kremlin. i thought, my god. i have a long-standing interest in russia, i have interviewed a lot of russians. putin? you think of guest: i think he fits a familiar pattern. the russians like their leaders strong, and strong leaders like to stay leaders, so they use the levers of power. , thellows in that mold great democratic experiment in -1989 years.e post it is a tough place to be in opposition politician or journalist these days. charlie: like turkey. guest: in some ways like turkey. journalistically, i prefer the old moscow. i have been back a few times even since living there, and when i walk down the streets, the oldest buildings, they would have the names carved into stone and they are covered with signs for panasonic and what have you. but you know they are still there. it is pretty amusing sometimes. charlie: what was the most interesting war you covered? guest: it is hard to talk about having a favorite -- the most interesting war? i think i have done about 20 different conflicts over the years. charlie: you said something interesting about that, you said how do you know when you have decided this is the last one? i talked to richard engel, he said it was less attractive to him. guest: that happens. of what i callan bullets journalism, meaning the classic joke that the journalist filed while bullets were whizzing past them. i don't think you have to be seen to be jumping into holes and covered in dust to explain these things. there probably is one role of of the dice too many. you can smell when it is close. charlie: can you really? guest: i think you can. i have had two or three times when i thought, i really should not be here, this could be it. charlie: when you feel that, what is your instinct? guest: initially, duck and be more careful. i think mostly, how to i get out of this particular one and i will be more careful next time. culture.covering there is a lot of culture in london, a lot of theater, a lot of royal family. a lot of opera. city, it hasrful its history, that would be appealing to me to be the midst of all that. guest: it is a great place to live. charlie: but as a journalist, as well. guest: yes. there are two places of all the places i have lived, to places in europe that are a story among themselves, and britain is one because of all the things you mentioned. charlie: britain, not just london. yes, but people would make the case that london is not britain the way that new york is not america. [laughter] charlie: the notion that it ends of the hudson. guest: the other one is italy. there is a residual interest in the audience here, maybe because of the migration. amusing, c the brits could do a lot of softer cultural pieces about the british, and you can kind of do it about the italians. nobody somehow finds the french or german's amusing. but yes, london is a fabulous place to live. there is a lot going on. charlie: if the powers of yet cbs had said, tell me what kind of stories you would most like to do, what would you told him? guest: the thing i am most trying to push now is the climate story. i think the climate story is the big story around now, and has implications that are economic, social, i think a lot of the -- charlie: you have a climate diary. guest: yes, i have a series that runs when i have time to get out it. i think it is driving a lot of other news these days, a lot of the refugee questions, particularly out of africa. it is undeniable that something is going on, and we have to adjust and somehow cope with what is coming and we ought to be doing more about it. charlie: whatever limitations there are in terms of climate, for example, is it your time or airtime that is the greater restriction? guest: mostly my time. i have to say that cbs has been pretty good, they have been interested in the story and we'll put it on. it is mostly about freeing up my time. -- news stories just kind of happene. they take place within a certain restricted time. -- time period and place, but the climate stories you have to go get. there are fewer of them than your average news story. it is the biggest story and the biggest challenge. it has been argued that it is bigger thanit has been argued ts bigger than terrorism. it has the power to threaten our entire situate -- civilization. guest: no question about it. climate is a freight train chugging down the tracks. charlie: there is a lot of coverage, but you don't since -- that, you notice there and a big story, but you don't see people having the same fear. it is like you cannot see it. yep to places were the melting are taken place -- taking place. guest: you are starting to see it. if you look at the numbers, you are stirring to see it. if you look at the climate refugee problem, it is already happening. charlie: explain that. piece thatst did a has not gone on area it. -- the unow estimates now estimates an area the size called salt affected agricultural land, because of approaching sea levels and climate change, there are areas were people stop growing stuff, particularly in africa but other places, as well. that is spurring economic decline and pushing refugees. this past summer we've seen more african refugees and we have seen syrian and middle eastern refugees. that is one of the things they are running from. the problem is that in television terms, it is harder to do those stories. -bangare not bang stories. they are longer-term and you have to convince people they are important. it is hard work. charlie: what is your attitude about the royal family? you have an attitude about the royal family. guest: i like them. and the connection between them and their public? guest: i don't think you can regularly do will stories without bringing to the whole question a sense of the absurd. and theyian landed were told that a modern country still had -- charlie: an 80-year-old woman with white hair. -- has done a good job as a clean -- queen. guest: an excellent job. you have to, i think without being irreverent and without being insulting, you have to help people along through that story by being perhaps whimsical. charlie: whimsical is probably the right word for it. certainly not the word for aleppo. guest: certainly not. charlie: someone with your experience, do you see a tragedy like that and think that you want to be there? honest,o be perfectly not that we have not been, the answer is yes and no. problem a particular for us because it is the first major conflict that we really have not been able to get at just because it is too dangerous to get at. damascus, a couple of weeks ago, they brought people to aleppo, but on the government side, it is too dangerous to go into syria the way we were earlier in the war from turkey, linking up with rebel groups that you can hopefully trust. it is too dangerous to do that now. that is the frustration of covering the syrian story. we all know what is going on, but past a certain point i think the audience becomes almost in ured to aleppo. to coin a famous phrase, what is aleppo? it is been going on so long, i think the attitude toward it is colored by the frustration of of incidents -- impotence not being effective. it is a challenge. charlie: it deadens the viewer. guest: it is a real challenge. i would not put it on every night, but it is a story that happens every day. the challenge it is to keep it on the public agenda, i agree. but is not an easy thing to do something because it has fallen off the political agenda. charlie: for a moment, put on the journalism critic hat, is there anything we are not doing that we should do? are we not covering things the way we ought to? guest: i think we are in a crisis in journalism now, not just tv journalism. i think it is being illustrated now in the course of the presidential election campaign, it was illustrated during the course of the brexit referendum campaign. we are applying rules that have served us well, fairness and balance and letting the two sides make their arguments and presenting it in the same way we have historically covering politics in the western world. but in this case, it is like pentagon generals trying to fight a symmetrical wars. the journalistic arguments have become a symmetrical. -- remainerss would do a lot of homework and come up with calculations this thick that they thought that brexit was a bad idea. and the things could turn sour if they left them, and those who wanted to leave, they would say it was scare tactics. and that becomes the argument. a calculation versus the accusation that you are trying to scare people. charlie: and we've seen the process beginning to take hold. ite are suggesting that might not be as bad as -- guest: it is far too soon to tell. guest: and -- charlie: and others are saying it is as bad. guest: it is a circular argument. it is being seen here in the presidential campaign, as well. , younk we have to be talked about attitude, we have to be more examining and strive , as well.h accuracy ,ou cannot be too judgmental but you have to moderate your precious subject matter more carefully. charlie: what you seem to be saying is the notion that you have to do a lot more digging, a lot more saying, it is not just a versusn of putting b. it seems like, here is the evidence as to why this argument has more power than the other. guest: i think so, i think you have to apply more proactive journalism, i suppose. it is a difficult thing to do. charlie: it is talked about a lot among journalism councils. ,uest: i think we are seeing and i would argue two of the most open and democratic societies on the planet, we are seeing now a situation where the types of journalism we've been applying needs to be examined. charlie: and a variation of this is the horse race idea. we spent a lot of time asking who is ahead? and a lot of times we are wrong, such as with brexit. guest: we do too much horse racing. charlie: is it the political story that causes the most sense of mission to you. power i'm interested in and i'm interested in examining how it is supplied, the levers of power, is the constitution protected here in a democracy? -- invite only dumb politics in my life, and worked -- politicalbeats beats, i don't think they would be as interesting. charlie: power is about all of the human emotions. thank you for coming. mark phillips from cbs news. back in a moment. ♪ ♪ charlie: tell me where it is the people like you sit around and think about the future and they say, we know this is going to be big? we know virtual reality has lots of possibilities, what else? guest: a classic for silicon valley is thinking about networks and marketplaces. earlier this year, i invested in essentially uber for small trucking, how do you facilitate a truck network the way you have a car network like uber? we look at those, and those are classic, how do you design and improve human ecosystems? those are still interesting. the other one is, there have been more, moonshot may not be , but there is a number of fusion companies being invested in where those fusion companies, climate change is coalition,ll gates' there is a lot of focus on that. here is a way to think about how silicon valley is, fusion is new. charlie: talk about the idea of sensors. two big words, everything we've been talking about, data and sensors. one leads to the other. part of what makes artificial intelligence happen, we have all of this electronic data, part of it is can should be did by people, that we also have sensors everywhere. cameras, audio mics, etc. i think it is a good idea to say that we should do like the british do in london and have cameras on all public streets. privacy,rried about but safety and the ability to respond to things, i think those are good things. all of that makes the data electronically available, which means we can do good things with it. we are working through very important privacy and issues, the industry, on medical information. if we can put all of this cancer information and study outcomes and remedies and genetics with it, we might today be able to make, just with today's technology, make great inroads against cancer. we could see that with this genome with this therapeutic, this works consistency -- consistently. charlie: when you take all of , is theres of things anything about this that worries you? can you say to us, i am a technologist, i am a venture capitalist, i am an entrepreneur, and i therefore see all of the big ideas coming down the pike. and i look at what the extension of those big ideas are. and here at the things that worry me, privacy or? guest: broadly, like many folks in silicon valley, i think the technology leads to great progress. there can be a lot of pain sorting it out. it is not 100%. change.ons of privacy youomeone had described to facebook before existed, you would've thought it seemed like an awful invasion of privacy, and yet over one billion people everyday are using this and sharing experiences. that being said, i think what is to theto pay attention issues, and then navigate the technology to get the most benefit. people have always been worried, industrial revolution, manufacturing revolution, informational revolution, there always worried about the downsides. they should be, it is not wrong to be worried about it. but when we look back at our history, we are a lot better off when we deploy those revolutions and fear of how to make humanity better. and we change things, like we did in the industrial revolution, we put in child labor laws. i think we need to solve privacy, i think we need to solve privacy of medical data. but if we can get all of the medical data in a computational accessible way, we can live healthier lives, we can identify diseases earlier, we can no therapeutics -- know therapeutics. broadly speaking, i am a utopian. but the short answer is, we should be trying to do something about that -- charlie: robots will be doing the jobs people do today. guest: and that is already happening in manufacturing. as a society, we need to help the people who are being shifted to find other productive ways of being good members of society. it is not welfare. my job here matters, i can do something of substance. we should do that together, as entrepreneurs and governments. the big one is self driving. there are millions of people who are employed as drivers. as that changes, we need to make sure there is a good path for those people. ballet inhere is the terms of all of the controversy of the capacity to go in the back door of smartphones? support timmed to cook. guest: i am also a strong supporter of the no backdoor policy. way thatnt, the surveillance should happen is through the mechanism of courts and warrants. that is the front door. i think it is right from a civil liberties and global leadership point of view, and i also think is right from a security point of view. charlie: if you want to access someone's smartphone because you think they are planning or have done something awful, like a terrorist act, go to the government and get permission to open that thing. guest: by the way, internationally people are supportive of that. when you say we have a specific reason and are going through third-party court. they understand the process. charlie: is tim cook ok with that? guest: yes. charlie: so that is the solution. guest: i am pretty sure, i have not talked to him about it. charlie: there is always talk that it is a responsibility have a serious conversation about this. they will not always agree in the end, but they need to have a conversation about this. not just a decision by one investigative outfit or another. there is a possibility for understanding -- it ought to be the public that she is a role in decision-making about the balance between security and freedom. guest: yes. one of the things people do not realize on the cell phone thing, there is security versus security. most of the solution say, we will get some keys to accompany holding them, and make the whole thing a lot less secure. security, but it is not just the do not create a master key, it is not just a backdoor thing, it weakens the entire network to hack in. charlie: if you get in the back door, someone else who does not have the same intent you do will get in the backdoor, including people who oppose us are nationally. -- internationally. guest: we need to help in the security issue him and i think they could get more help from us we agreed to do it aboveboard. we be scared to death if we knew about all of the information on the public record about us? i'm talking about this company, or that company, this credit card, this internet. guest: i think everyone would be really startled. one example, there was a credit card company that could predict whether or not you're are getting a divorce or pregnant before you knew it because they can track your purchases. it is that kind of thing where you are like, that is mind blowing. is it scary? yes, but part of what we need to do is figure out the line -- the line on privacy moves. the fact that people can take pictures of us and post them online now, and when you're walking into the office, that can happen. it used to be creepy, now it is something that just happens. someone took a picture of me walking into the building. charlie: if you have the least bit of public recognition, you can be standing anywhere and someone will be coming up, and i could be talking to you, and someone will walk up and take a picture. because they haven't have a camera. guest: it is creepy but not threatening. charlie: exactly right. they kiss so much, it is great to see you. ♪ charlie: we had a mission statement to you and we started this program. i hope we have upheld that mission. we have made it the most interesting people and stories a central part of what we do to better understand who we are and where we are going. here's what i said when he five years ago. we start today on the final leg of our countdown september 30. as we begin the journey together, we share a passion for excellence, a thirst for understanding, a respect for intelligence and a commitment to quality journalism. that plus a storyteller's craft and inchoate language would get us the applause of our language -- audience, the approval of critics and the solicitation of our peers. our mission is quality, range, with, passion and caring for our audience and ourselves. we want to reinforce each other and demand the best. said hett has always has a forward explanation for the success of "60 minutes" -- tell a good story. they tell the good story through great interviews and the essence of any story is a dramatic and compelling interview. it is as central to good storytelling as dialogue is too good playwriting. it is through that journalistic endeavor, the interview, that we will make our mark. to the craft of the interview we will engage people of -- about their lives, hopes and dreams, and we will explore our conflicts and failures as a community. we want our interviews to have life, intimacy, humor, texture and soul. to be evocative of people's memories and dreams, cherished moments and deep misgivings. to be genuine and unembarrassed about our curiosity about people and what makes them tech. and craftte talent and performance, to reflect intelligence, preparation and spontaneity. to be open to the experience, to engage at efrin speeds -- different speeds. sometimes reflective, sometimes evocative, always reflective -- we set our standards to be timely and newsworthy. we want to tell the audience something they did not know, to be competitive in the pursuit of ofst and stories, to be part a defining interview, to be a companion for the end of the day. to be unafraid to confront controversy and fear. two stand for intelligence and quality. to have an attitude that says open, flexible and responsive. to avoid pretension and pandering. two rarely bore and to always have fun. that was our promise to you, we have done our best and i hope you have enjoyed this journey as much as we have. our promise to you this evening is to continue to the best of our ability. thank you. ♪ . >> >> a genius a genius. >> there is no one who has shown more genius. >> i want a man who is a genius. >> absolute genius. john: this is october, and according to trump's first law clinical physics, a controversy in motion tends to stay in motion. news cycles between an

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