Referendum, whether this would have beena different. Referendum, whether this would have been a different. It is too late now. We dont want it be too late for the next tory. This is also any front page on the financial times. Paying to be porsche when you next phase of Robot Revolution takes off. We have heard a lot about how robots are going to take ourjobs. They suggest that also going to take the job when i first read this, i thought dont tell me this is good be about Voice Recognition and i cannot understand people balls accents. Generally, you know how many times you shouted something and say, i did not say that. Goes by you do not even have an accent. Laughter this is saying that as workers lose their jobs this is saying that as workers lose theirjobs to robots, soft skills such as confidence and to be to become more valuable, those tend to become more valuable, those tend to be the people who are from higher social economic grounds, who i going to have those, so this is about people needing to retrain and go into Labour Market and be increasingly volatile, morejobs into Labour Market and be increasingly volatile, more jobs be automated, and they are saying 280,000 book keepers, Payroll Managers and waste plants in the uk could be displaced by the shift to cloud based accounting and around 75,000 paralegals also threatened. They say this new technology is going to offer more chances, but it will be any section of confidence and medication. Next week, the Newspaper Review will be done by robots. They are taking over everything. Laughter cheaper than you guys. They will be talking quicker. James and penny, i give a much for now. We will be back for more papers in an hour or so. Only front pages are online on the bbc news website where you can read a detailed review of each. You can also see ours there, too, with each type is edition of brok shortly after the finished. We will be back shortly. The papers. Migration, Human Dislocation is one of the dominating political themes of our day. And it is the springboard for Neel Mukherjee in his new novel, a state of freedom. Set in india, which portrays five different, but sometimes interlocking, lives that are in flux, on the move, looking for escape, or at least something better. A story for our time indeed. Welcome. On the frontispiece of the book, before the story begins, you quote a syrian refugee on the austrian border, saying migrants, were not migrants were ghosts. Thats what we are, ghosts. Now, the ghost is sort of suspended between this world and the next. Is that the guts of that idea . Yes, that is exactly the soul of my book. I wanted to look at migration, which is the thing that most characterises our times. People moving, Mass Movement of people from one place to another. And i wanted to sort of splice their history by thinking about the ghost story. Because, what is a ghost . A ghost is something, a ghost is a creature that has not found settlement in some way. Which exactly is what a migrant is. And the unhappy history of migration in the 20th and the 21st century. And i wanted to look at the history of people moving. But not in the form of the immigrant novel, which has become sclerotic, i think. But i wanted to look at the movements of people, whether voluntarily to look for a better life or enforced by warorfamine. Within one country . Within one country. In this case, india. Your country of origin, obviously, where you were born and went to school. Were just about 70 years since the partition of india. So that must be very heavily on your mind at the moment. It wasnt in my mind when i wrote the book. But now that you mention it, ithink, you know, when you think of partition, what is it that. What is the first thing that you think of when partition was mentioned . You think of migration, of people, you think of the movement of people, and the very unhappy movement of people. And people being cut off as well. People are being cut off, carnage, violence, destruction. We now have to look at 70 years of partition, we have to focus on that kind of migration, too. The book is structured in five sections, really. And you look at different people. But we discover as we go through that there are links, slightly elusive links, very slightly. Again, this is touching a new sort of ghostlike theme. Yes. And of course in india, i think people who go there for the first time often find that the closeness, the gritty reality around them, and the world of the imagination and the spiritual, i mean, theres a very, very small gap between the two in the culture. And i wanted to do Something Like that with the book, to sort of, you know, bend realism within, if you will. To have that surface of nitty gritty realism, as you call it, and not to blink while i was sort of detecting that on the page. And at the same time, to push that realism into its anti form, if you will, by thinking about ghost stories, by thinking about migration, and by also letting the coherence brought to the book by the reader in the way with those elusive links. Of course, theres an irony in the title. You call it a state of freedom, but its a strange kind of freedom. Well, when you think of freedom, the first thing you think of is constraints, dont you . And i also wanted to play on the notion of state, you know. Notjust a mental state or a state of being, but state is in a nation state. And i am trying to Say Something about india now. And i was also trying to allude to nehrus great speech during independence. The tryst with destiny speech. And i wanted to have, the title to have all of those echoes behind it. But the destiny that you implied that awaits us is a pretty bleak one . Yes, at this moment in my life i do not feel very hopeful about our species. Yes, i must admit that. I mean, you cant get blu nter than that. No, this is the truth. You think were done for . I think were done for, yes. Why . Well, you know, Climate Change is one very obvious reason why i think were done for. I think weve run out of time. I think politically, the whole world is headed towards a certain way that is leaning on perhaps the worst in ourselves. But there is also the best in ourselves. And even in this book, where people are lost, adrift, there are glimpses of humanity, and you must believe in the power of that humanity. I do believe it on the individual scale, yes, of course. But aggregated, something happens, we become something different, i think. No, of course, i give you that there are hopeful things in the world, there are good people in the world, and good happens. But i think good is losing at the moment, ifeel. In that case, where do you think these people in the book are going to end up . I think perhaps the children of one of the characters in section. The central character of section four, they are going to end up in a better place than their parents. This is something ifind very effecting about india, actually. The fact that education in the country is aspirational, its a key to a better life, which is what migration is all about, movement to a better life. And i think she will give, her name is millie, she will give that key to her children. And i hope that beyond the page you can imagine a better life for the children. Do you find yourself becoming more depressed about the world around . I mean, you say that you need to look at the world as a writer and not blink, because all of your instincts are that you want to turn away and close your eyes. But that is the only trick a writer needs to know, actually. You know, i keep saying that great writers dont teach you how to write. Like older writers i look up to, older writers who are considered the masters, they dont teach you how to write, they teach you how to look at the world. And i think one of the ways to look at the world is in a very unblinking way. And i think this is what i want to do, this is what i attempt to do, actually try and look at the World Without blinking. When you say that great writers have inspired you and taught you how to look at the world rather than how to write in some mechanical way, who are the great writers whove most influenced you in that regard . I think vs naipaul has been a very great influence on me. And also i read a lot of speculative and Science Fiction and imaginative fiction. A very underrated writer called M John Harrison, who thinks very carefully about form. So, M John Harrison once said in an interview that always think of what it is that a genre cannot do, and then push it in that direction. I think its current in my heart, thats a great lesson. And Science Fiction writers can imagine things, or they want to imagine things, that others dont. On a cosmic scale, it goes without saying. And that appeals to you, because you seem to believe that the planet would do a lot better without any of us around. Yes, this is a central theme of a lot of speculative and Science Fiction writers now. Saying actually, you know, if you take out the humans as a species, maybe very peacefully and quickly so that there is no pain, i think that the planet would be doing a lot better. It can recover, ifeel. So, when you finished the book, does that mean there was no sense of elation, that you still felt trapped in this veil of tears . Well, i dont normally feel elation when i finished the book. I feel bereft. But i felt, you know, the book does not end hopefully. And it ends with a kind of freedom for a particular character, but its a very radical kind of freedom, a liberation that he finds. And i thought id written a more hopeful book than my previous one, but then my editors disagreed. But, you know, as i said, not to blink when youre writing something. Neel mukherjee, author of a state of freedom, thank you very much. Thank you. The dry weekend i move is part of the country, things are more changeable in the week ahead. We still have some rain moving across Northern Ireland where it is a bit ofa damp Northern Ireland where it is a bit of a damp day, and Northern Ireland where it is a bit ofa damp day, and in Northern Ireland where it is a bit of a damp day, and in seven and southern scotland, a week weather front. To the south, england and wales, some warm humid air, if you heavy showers moving across the meadows and east anglia. Temperatures around 70 degrees, a sticky night, fresher conditions north and west. Tomorrow it will shape up to be a day of sunshine, rain initially across the east of Scotla Nd Rain Initially across the east of scotland should ease, charles cropping up almost anywhere, could be heavy and country, particularly in the east, we could have some surface water flooding, temperatures not quite as warm as recent days, i622dc, not quite as warm as recent days, i6 22dc, still not quite as warm as recent days, 16 22dc, still some heavy showers on tuesday, some central and North Eastern parts. More persistent rain any south west later. Goodbye. This is bbc news. The headlines at 11 00. Celebrations in mosul after the Prime Minister of iraq announces victory over is in the city. The parents of terminally ill baby charlie gard deliver a petition to Great Ormond Street Hospital calling on them to let him go to the us for experimental treatment. We need to stay hopeful and hope that thejudge we need to stay hopeful and hope that the judge listens to the experts we have now it says this has a chance for working for charlie. What they think he should have this chance, we do and our supporters do as well. Thousands of people gather at an Opposition Event in istanbul in turkey to protest against the government of president erdogan. Government ministers say unacceptable amounts of drugs and Mobile Phones are being found in prisons. Also in the next hour going back to his roots
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