about her passion for insects. hello and welcome. i'm katty kay in washington, clive myrie is in london. the uk government has launched a massive experiment in immigration that tries to marry business needs for labour, with political demands to put british workers first. the new plan will award visas to the uk on the basis of a foreigner‘s skills. the government says this will protect british jobs, encourage more automation, and attract better educated foreign talent. but one independent migration group, which advises the government, says the plan will have zero effect on uk wages and job opportunities. and several uk industries say they rely on low skilled foreign workers, because britons won't do the jobs. under the new scheme foreigners will need to earn 70 points to apply for a uk visa. having a job offer before you apply will get you 20 points. if thatjob is at an "appropriate skill level, that earns another 20 points. if you have a job offer that pays £25,600, or work in a sector where there's a labour shortage, that's another 20 points speaking english will also now be a requirement, that gets you 10 points. now the changes mean it'll be hard for people to come to the uk to work in lower—skilled jobs in restaurants, care homes or food processing plants. the home secretary priti patel said the changes marked a historic moment for the uk. this basically redefines our immigration policy, so the brightest and the best people with skills need to come to the uk and we will no longer have the roots for cheap, low skilled labour that obviously has dominated immigration in our labour market for far too long in this country. what will the rules mean in practice? let's take two hypothetical case studies, starting with a university academic who has an offer for a job and wants to move to the uk. as well as speaking english and being suitably qualified, two compulsory conditions, she would get points for her science phd. and those points would be enough to reach 70, the necessary number to get her visa approved. but now let's look at another example. a waiterfrom an eu country who is currently free to live and work in the uk. he may meet the basic conditions of having a job offer, speaking english and having school qualifications. but because the job isn't considered a shortage occupation, and the salary lower than £25,600, he doesn't get 70 points. we spoke to kate nicholls, chief executive of hospitality uk which represents the hospitality sector. there a lot of people who say these changes have been a long time coming and frankly, you lock had been relying too much on cheap migrant labour which has driven down wages for everybody else. first of all, there's no evidence that migrant labour has driven down wages. even the government said the advisory committee found that was not the case. we recruit locally and it's been local people who have been applying to our jobs, been local people who have been applying to ourjobs, and we grown exponentially. we created one and he ate of alljobs since the financial crisis. 75% of our work force is uk born and bread and we are investing heavily into upscaling them. the challenge is we have tight labour market and the population just challenge is we have tight labour market and the populationjust isn't there to fill all vacancies we have and sustain the levels of growth and delivering benefits to the uk. low wages have been good for your business? wages have been growing 6% year business? wages have been growing 696 year on year business? wages have been growing 696 yearon yearand business? wages have been growing 696 year on year and we've been investing heavily in our teams to improve the reward, the challenge that we've got around salaries is not the absolute salary level, it's the fact that many of our workers will work part—time or work flexible don't flexibly. that's the challenge we've got with salaries, not that we're a lopez actor. one of the things —— lopez actor. are there areas of the hospitality industry that could be more automated? yes. businesses have invested in automation and ai, particularly around checking in and checking out in hotels. labour scheduling, back of all space functions, but ultimately it is selling an experience and that requires skilled people. —— back of office functions. there's a limited amount that automation can do to replace those human beings, but ultimately, if we do have restrictions, that's one of the things we will be looking at. having towards more self—serve and not providing that full—service offer which will damage the uk's reputation as a world leading hospitality market. it will also mean we can't create the jobs and investment in local communities and high streets. can we talk about scotland? high streets. can we talk about scotland ? there's high streets. can we talk about scotland? there's been a particular outcry today from scotland, one in 12jobs in outcry today from scotland, one in 12 jobs in scotland outcry today from scotland, one in 12jobs in scotland in the outcry today from scotland, one in 12 jobs in scotland in the tourism sector. i think it's something like 40,000 workers are actually four and, perhaps low skilled workers. can they be replaced? not readily. you are talking about white rural communities and rural areas where tourism is the main employer. —— quite rural. scotland has seen a decline in the birth rate. we got 200,000 fewer uk born in the job market this year and we got almost full employment in those tourism heavy sectors. they simply are not available, and that's even more acute in scotland as a lot of scots have moved away. they don't have that indigenous population to take up that indigenous population to take up the slack in these critical areas. let's speak now to heather rolfe, head of research at demos think tank, whojoins me now. some suggested this goes beyond controlling immigration which is where a lot of people say they wa nted where a lot of people say they wanted in the brexit wrecker burned it's actually about restricting immigration which are two different things. absolutely. those go way beyond control. the aim is to reduce numbers, but this policy will specifically reduce number of lower skilled workers in some of the key sectors. 0ne skilled workers in some of the key sectors. one is hospitality, but others include food processing and social care which will find it very difficult to recruit replacements. some people have shown out potential linking between low skilled workers and low—paid work and that has caused a lot of issues today. and low—paid work and that has caused a lot of issues todaym has. some people are concerned about that. but one of the requirements is that. but one of the requirements is that the jobs should be at level three, roughly to a level, and that's a requirement. even if the job was paid more, actually it has to be at that level. but i think where the mistake is in terms of this policy, i think it's built on the government's assessment and attitudes in the public consistently does favour or high skilled migration over lower skilled, but the public still recognises the need for lower skilled labour in sectors like social care, construction, food and drink. i think this is a misreading of what the public wants around immigration. heather, one of the arguments is you would raise jobs for british workers because if they aren't the foreigners to do them, if you are a hotel who need someone them, if you are a hotel who need someone to clean those rooms, you have to boost wages in order to attract brits to do those jobs. how much would wages have to rise by two replace those low skilled foreign workers with british workers?” don't think of the question of how many —— i think. when you unpick that, that includes students, people who are too sick to work, and people who are too sick to work, and people who have retired under the age of 65. unemployment is at its lowest level in the uk and economic participation is at its highest. where these workers are is a problem. undoubtedly, if you increase the wages in some of these sectors, they would be more attractive. pay isn't the only factor though. it's also the conditions of workers, flexible working, it's a natures of working and care work, their issues around the conditions. so it really isn't just pay, and i think you also have to bear in mind that any increase in wages will have to be passed on to the customer who then will the value of their own wages eroded. so it really isn'tjust of their own wages eroded. so it really isn't just about pay. of their own wages eroded. so it really isn'tjust about pay. it's of their own wages eroded. so it really isn't just about pay. it's a barrier to british people doing lower skilled jobs. this is clearly something people talk here in the uk us as well. when you do polling on immigration, people bought my attitudes are mu more nuanced than. it's not black and white. attitudes towards immigration and migration have gone up immigration and migration have gone up and down over the last few years. let's look at a chart here. you see a high water mark there of antipathy towards migrants, around about 2010-2011. look at towards migrants, around about 2010—2011. look at how that is poland. going down beyond 2016 to a point where now, almost 50% of the population here in the uk believe in word migration is actually good for the economy and for the country. one question might be has that flip happened there? because of the referendum. the people because my attitudes become more positive because they felt their borders would be more secure, i guess. first of all, there was a debate about immigration. the ins and outs of it, the rights and wrongs, whether it was good or bad for the economy. people could base their opinions on fa cts people could base their opinions on facts and if you remember that graphic they are, the mark of antipathy was around 2010—2011. that was when austerity kicked in in this country and of course, the criticism of migration into this country was that it was affecting services, the nhs, and so on and so forth. actually, it may have been austerity putting that pressure and not migration. charities estimate that, this year, over a million children across the eu have a parent in prison, and there's a warning today that many of them are not receiving the right support. as a result, they're more likely to have mental health problems and do less well in education. tiffany sweeny reports from one prison in liverpool, in the north west of england. my name's peter and i'm going to be reading pirate pete and his smelly feet for my son noah. 0ld pirate pete had the smelliest feet... peter is an inmate here at liverpool prison. the authorities didn't reveal his crime, but he said he'd regretted what he'd done. tony the prison librarian is recording a story which will then be sent to his family. i think obviously the environment can be a little bit serious and negative and stuff so, stuff like the books give us a chance to have a bit of fun and interact in a different way. i understand we have committed a crime and should suffer, but i think me and my family are suffering. i'm missing time with them, they're missing time with me, i'm missing time with my baby. i've split up with my partner, so, there's a lot of stuff that's happened. they've never done anything illegal, so i don't see why they should be penalised. i think this is probably enough punishment for everyone, to be honest. liverpool prison invited us inside to see some of the work they are doing to improve relationships between prisoners and their families. well for our organisation say it's affecting children all across europe. prison is not a placement for children. visiting someone in prison is stressful. it's a violent place and this has consequences on their future development. charities working in the field estimate that in any given year, about 1.3 million children across the eu will experience having a parent in prison. but for many families, there remains a stigma. some prisons are trying to be more family—friendly. liverpool prison invited us inside to see some of the work they're doing to improve relationships between prisoners and their families. what's being done to help engage with the prisoners? we do a numberof programmes, we engage with the prisoners? we do a number of programmes, we also do storybooks and children working with their dads to create stories. many people think prisoners should be punished for their crimes, but campaigners argue that their children are enemy like innocent and two thirds of boys with a parent in jailare two thirds of boys with a parent in jail are more likely to offend themselves. the last thing we want for someone to come back to prison. family can help resettle people successfully. even after a parent is out of prison, the impact on their children can be long—lasting. tony, who is now 21 experienced both her pa rents who is now 21 experienced both her parents going to prison when she was younger. i felt like i was a very angry child. i felt the anger i had towards my mum and a lot of hurt feelings i had, like i kind of took out on everybody else. because i couldn't explain the reason for my frustration, a lot of it was misinterpreted and i wasjust labelled as a bad kid. just angry. campaigners say that many families are serving a incidence of their own and there needs to be more support for children when a parent goes to prison. tiffany sweeney, bbc news. it's almost 3 million children here in the united states who have a pa rent in the united states who have a parent in prison. japan is facing increasing criticism of its response to the coronavirus outbreak on a cruise ship, which has been docked in yokohama for more than two weeks. the us centers for disease control have described japan's quarantine procedures as inadequate. there are warnings that those who tested negative and are being allowed to leave the vessel could yet develop the virus. at least 542 passengers and crew on the diamond princess have so far been infected — the biggest cluster outside mainland china. china has ordered three foreign journalists at the wall streetjournal to leave the country over an opinion piece it said was "racist". the article published on 3rd february criticised the country's response to the deadly coronavirus outbreak. the chinese foreign ministry said it had asked the newspaper to apologise several times, but it had declined. a british army officer has become the first woman to pass the gruelling entry test to join the parachute regiment. 28—year—old captain rosie wild was described as a "trailblazer" after passing the p company course, which many men fail. physical challenges, over five days, included a timed 20—mile endurance march, and an aerial assault course. clive would have handled that easily! it turns out it's more complicated than you might think to leave the british royal family. which is a problem most of us will never have to deal with but for harry and meghan it is throwing up a host of tricky issues. or rather can they use the name royal in their online branding efforts — and yes they do have an online branding operation. but calling it sussex royal may be a stretch for the actually royal palace which is now reviewing the name. the couple's office released update today on their plans and jonny dymond has all the details for us. we've got the latest plans from the duke and duchess of sussex. do we know what they're going to be doing and when they're going to be doing it? we know when they are going to finish up with their public royal role and that's going to be at the end of march. there will be a last twirl if you will. a last burst of royal engagements in britain. the beginning of march and then the curtain comes down at the end of march and their new life begins on the ist of april. because any visits that they again make to the uk will be ata that they again make to the uk will be at a private capacity, they won't be at a private capacity, they won't be made on the behalf of the queen. their office in buckingham palace is being shutdown. we understand around 15 staff are to be 's sacked or redeployed and then there will be their new life. what we understand, they've been talking about for the la st they've been talking about for the last few months about a new international, nonprofit organisation, where they dedicate a lot of the time. in this issue of whether they can have their online brands be called sussex royal, it seems fair enough from the palace's point of view that you can't really trade—off if you're trying to make money out of it, the name royal if you are not a working royal. absolutely. i think that's pretty clearly the way the argument is going and the palace is going to have its way on it. it's notjust the social media feed, it's also the website, it's also perhaps the name of this new nonprofit organisation. but it's critically important to the palace that the word royal remains, if you will, so lead by any threat of commercialisation. —— on salida. i think there are some very serious conversation going on. whether it could be sussex royal or anything like it, but i think the palace will put its foot down. that's the impression i got talking to people they are today, that essentially, they're gonna end up having to yield on this. at the moment, there's no decision. they will retain the use of their title his and her royal highness, but they said they won't use it and that's an indication of which way the wind is blowing on this. i think the palace which way the wind is blowing on this. ithink the palace is which way the wind is blowing on this. i think the palace is pretty keen that the break is going to be a pretty clean one. and as a result, the suggestion is they can make money whichever way they light? pretty much, and one of their statements i forget which. i think the second one. they pledge themselves to, i can't remember the exact phrase but the values of her majesty the queen. that was seen as an indication that they wouldn't go around, sort of opening hotels and anything to commercial, but in the end, they want to make an independent financial life for themselves. that will involve raising relatively significant sums. i think will see their lives go in two directions. 0ne i think will see their lives go in two directions. one will be making money for themselves and there'll be no doubt, controversies around that. the other will be this nonprofit organisation. a bigot, international charity organisation where they can focus their desires and their actions. —— a big international charity. there will always be questions about whether they are trading on their celebrity status and what the palace want to do. donald trump offered julian assange a pardon if he agreed to say russia was not involved in leaking democratic party emails. that's the stunning claim from the wikileaks founder's lawyer today, before the opening of mr assange's legal battle to block attempts to extradite him to the us. the offer was allegedly delivered on mr trump's behalf by former us republican congressman dayna rora—bacher at the ecuadorian embassy in august 2017. the white house has denied the reports. let's bring in the bbc‘s senior north america reporter, anthony zurcher. this is a bit of a shock to say the least. well, i think we knew some of this already. julie and i signed has come out and said russia was not behind the taxes. —— assange. we also heard from the court to my congressman say he was in communications with the white house and that he thoughtjulian communications with the white house and that he thought julian assange should get a pardon. i think what's interesting about this and what could be more details that will have to look into is whether there is evidence of any communication between the white house and whether he was asking assange for tangible proof that russia did not pack these democratic servers. that is definitely explosive resolution that the white house has said very explicitly, donald trump knows dana rohrabacher and they certainly have not communicated about julian assange. if this is true, and if dana rohrabacher assange. if this is true, and if dana rohra bacher was operating assange. if this is true, and if dana rohrabacher was operating with the white house, with this fall into the white house, with this fall into the category of president trump's attem pts the category of president trump's atte m pts to the category of president trump's attempts to show it was all a russia hoax that the democrats were mounting, that there's nothing behind the ideas that the russians are involved in the elections? that's certainly a possibility when you look at donald trump in the past. he's shouted for everyone to hear that he doesn't think that russia was behind the dnc hacking. he's adjusted that maybe it was ukraine. that was some of the communications he had with president zelensky about trying to get him to investigate if ukraine was behind the hacking. so it'll be interesting to see if there's any kind of evidence behind it, but this seems to be just another case of perhaps someone to be just another case of perhaps someone who may to be just another case of perhaps someone who may or to be just another case of perhaps someone who may or may not have been in communication with the president, presenting himself as doing something with the president's backing. you heard time and time again in the ukraine story, where you had gordon sondland asking he would —— you had gordon sondland asking he would — — saying you had gordon sondland asking he would —— saying he was acting for the president. thank you very much. it was a visit to a butterfly conservatory at the age of two that sparked sophia spencer's love of bugs. she admired how the insect was peacefully resting on her shoulder. but that passion wasn't shared by her classmates at school. when she was in first grade, sophia was bullied for bringing a grasshopper to school. not only was she teased, they stamped the creature to death. but it was sophia who had the last laugh. following her passion despite the bullies, she's now written a children's book that celebrates women in science, bugs of all kinds, and the importance of staying true to yourself. so, she's a published author at the tender age of 11. i have to say the technical word for it, bugs give me the will is. laughter that is not what i was expecting! i feel sorry for the grasshopper. this is beyond 100 days from the bbc. coming up for viewers on the bbc news channel and bbc world news — donald trump grants presidential pardons to 11 people — including the former governor of illinois rod blagojevich. and nearly a million people have been displaced by the syrian civil war — we'll be following one family's journey in the region. that's still to come. good evening. with flooding still causing problems across the uk, the last thing we need is more rain but there is more rain falling at the moment. there is a met office morning and foursquare rain across pa rt morning and foursquare rain across part of wales, northwest england and scotland. places we could really do without it. it's because of this frontal system here. instead of sliding neatly through, this front has developed a wave which is holding it back. actually, we're going to see a surge of wet weather ploughing in from the southwest as we go through the second half of the night. rain pushing back into southwestern scotland, the hills of western england and hills and mountains of wales. further east, rain lighter, more patchy, temperature is typically 7—10d. a little colder up to the northwest. as we go through tomorrow, we see these outbreaks of rain eventually sliding eastwards and contain with us sliding eastwards and contain with us for this —— contained in this rain band, there's a burst of torrential rain. i reeled drenching downpour which will be accompanied by winds. i had a bit, still relatively mild. behind the weather front, things start to turn colder but drier. northern england, as we go through the afternoon, for northern ireland and scotland there's a mix of sunshine and showers. even to relatively low levels and the winds picking up as well. there are likely blizzard conditions for some. this band of rain will eventually clear away as we go through the end of the afternoon. still some thunder and lightning possible. as we go into thursday night, it temporarily turns drier, but there comes another frontal system for friday. some pretty brisk winds as well. you can see the rain mainly affecting northern parts of the uk on friday. the winds could cause one or two issues, particularly through the southeast of scotland and the northeast of england. when dust could cause some transport disruption. —— wind gust. we head into the weekend, saturday a day of sunshine and showers. very windy in the north. some of us will seem more rain on sunday. you're watching beyond one hundred days. with me katty kay in washington, clive myrie is in london. our top stories. donald trump grants presidential pardons to 11 people — including the former governor of illinois rod blagojevich. all of them guilty of some kind of white collar crime. strong warnings about the future of thousands of children with a parent in prison— we'll look at the situation here in the uk and in the us. also on the programme. the incredible sight and sound — as a musician plays her violin while having a brain tumour removed. we'll be hearing from the surgeon who did that operation. a divine reunion of two great artistic masters. why tapesties by rafael are now hanging in michaelangelo's masterpice, the sistine chapel. in a few hours' time democratic candidates competing to be their party's nominee to take on donald trump for the white house, will debate each other on live tv for the ninth time in this very long election campaign. but for one of them it will be their first outing. michael bloomberg willjoin the five others on stage after spending so much money on tv ads, he's catapulted himself into the top tier of candidates. bloomberg's fellow challengers are ready to take him on. so will he rise to the occasion? and will the frontrunner, bernie sanders continue to consolidate his healthy lead in the polls? let's bring in senior editor at the washington post, marc fisher. thank you very much forjoining us. like to see what happens in vegas stays in vegas but this‘ll be broadcast nationally. the nevada caucuses are not usually the more influential states, but for the 1—step drone date set aside for them, it will have some impact and especially in a race that a splintered as this one and one that will be the very first debate as you mentioned to include michael bloomberg, the former mayor of new york city for 12 years. he is going to sit on the stage for the first time it will be the subject of considerable attention from his fellow candidates who have been chomping at the bit to have at him. i'll start thinking about the nevada caucuses but the bloomberg outing, i have spend time with them, he is not the most exciting person on the debate stage. power does he have to do in order to get moderates to rally behind him or how badly does he have to do to convince them to drop him. those who have rallied to his side are doing so because they have seen this inundation of advertising, i cannot overemphasize the extent to which people and especially those states that vote on super tuesday, march three have seen nothing but michael bloomberg ads and he is presenting himself as a middle—of—the—road campaigner who is a moderate, reasonable compromise and kind of candidate and he's got all kinds of baggage and that is what the other folks are going to be coming at him with. he is not charismatic, he is very dry he drove sort of guy, but very well—informed if you look at his performance in the debates for new york city mayor that he did back in the early part of the century, you will see that he held his own despite being dry and really rather unattractive and charisma and performance. and in this cloud with these other candidates for something to run pretty hot. that kind of coolness make it across his idea of a candidate who is a unifying force who is not going to go the route of donald trump to name calling and that sort of thing. in london, he spent $188 million i think so far on advertising, almost heading towards 200 million. is there a sense that that money, if all this on, is putting people off of him? you think it mightand putting people off of him? you think it might and relieve the experience that voters in the states that the advertising we have had is overly overwhelming. and you cannot watch ten minutes of television without seeing two or three michael bloomberg spots and that is not an exaggeration. there is a sense of overload and he has gone from someone overload and he has gone from someone who is not at all well known into a guy who has, without having taken part in a debate, without a single primary caucus, he is already running second or third and most polls in many states. so it has worked as far as getting his name and message out there. now, the rubber meets the road and in this occasion of a debate which is less controlled and he tends to be very controlled. this is a situation where he has to be out there on his own. it is a different kind of experience for him and the others will be gunning for him. show we talk about bernie sanders? there is a new pull out that bernie sanders is ahead of everyone else that he is the number one candidate and raised by the double digits and here's what is interesting about that pole. when you match up figures from the polls, all the swing states, you look at donald trump he put him up against bernie sanders orjoe biden michael bloomberg, the only person really does well against them is joe bloomberg, the only person really does well against them isjoe biden, who was the person that is losing in the race of the moment. i am super confused because democrats keep telling us it was sought from iowa, the number one concern that they haveis the number one concern that they have is to find a candidate who can be donald trump in november. but the one candidate who can be donald trump is the one who was falling down the polls. in the person who they don't think can be ten is rising. mike made the point that there is a long way to go in this race. i knew you're going to throw cold water on it. i was just saying. we are going to move on now. the 11 people who got the good news last night that they'd received presidential clemency come from different political parties and different lines of work. but they all have something in common. they are white collar criminals — they'd been convicted of things like tax fraud, securities swindling and — oh yes — trying to sell a senate seat. that was the crime of the former governor of illinois rod blagojevich — who spoke to the press after his release. too many politicians do not want to solve problems. all they want to do is play politics and get nothing done for the people. i am. if i had the ability to vote, i would vote for him. i don't know if they would allow me to vote, but i'll get into that in a minute. let mejust allow me to vote, but i'll get into that in a minute. let me just say that, our president is tough and outspoken has the courage to challenge the old way. the president has the power to pardon whomever he likes but prosecutors who said some of these people were serving sentences for serious crimes. and there is speculation here in washington that mr trump may be preparing to pardon more of his political allies who've been indicted because of the mueller probe. caroline polisi is a defence attorney who specialises in white collar crime. shejoins us now. thank you so much. 0ne thank you so much. one of the things that he said as he came out of prison was that the us treats white collar criminals much more harshly thanit collar criminals much more harshly than it does people who have committed sex offences or even murder, he mentioned. is that true? to these people go to prison for white—collar crimes get sentences that were above and beyond expected? each individual defended their variety of factors that go into a defendant sentencing. i do think that there is a larger conversation to be had about criminaljustice reform and reforming the sentencing guidelines in this country and rolling back some of the harsh punishments for first—time offenders and the issue here obviously is that the president doled out, clemency in a way that feels like he is letting his friends off and that above anything else should justice should be impartial and it feels like it is not being impartial here. but he is not being impartial here. but he is not the first president to issue pardons to people, bill clinton did it, but george w. bush did it, barack 0bama did a lot, almost 2000 pardons from barack 0bama. barack 0bama did a lot, almost 2000 pardons from barack obama. but the difference, i think, pardons from barack obama. but the difference, ithink, with pardons from barack obama. but the difference, i think, with barack 0bama for example, he just emphasise a policy difference that he had with the department ofjustice and those for low—level drug crimes mp with her were convicted of crimes the first time in nonviolent ways. here, president trump, although he did include thejohnson pardon, so it is little bit of a mix bag, but in the intro, most of these crimes, the 11 crimes for which he granted executive clemency yesterday or crimes of corruption, crimes in which the public trust was violated and he attempted to sell barack 0bama's senate seat. so obviously, the implication that you noted it's where else is he going, he is trying to normalise the pardon power, normalising getting americans use to have an issue pardons like this and the obvious question on everyone's mind is whether he's going to issue a pardon to roger stone who is going to be sentenced tomorrow. will anyone be surprised if there is a pardon for those who were indicted or convicted during the mulder investigation and also? as they mentioned, he has unfettered power under the united states constitution, he has unfettered pardon power to pardon for anything. though he thinks he can pardon himself. that is without dispute, but the issue here is norms versus rules and whetherjust because he can do it, whether or not he should do it. there's been long—standing history that presidents don't use the pardon power to give out to their cronies. so the question really is whether or not he is being driven by a politicalfinancier. really is whether or not he is being driven by a political financier. and we will watch that tomorrow. thank you forjoining us. charities estimate that, this year, over a million children across the eu have a parent in prison and there's a warning today that many of them are not receiving the right support. as a result, they're more likely to have mental health problems and do less well in education. as a result, they're more likely to have mental health problems and do less well in education. let's get more on this from sarah beresford from the prison reform trust who joins us now from liverpool. is this a problem that is been ignored forfar too is this a problem that is been ignored for far too long by local authorities? absolutely, the imprison of the parent is devastating on every level it affects every area of life, there's affects every area of life, there's a trauma for children and separation of losing a parent, particularly for primary care, bullying and in the world of social media, there is stigma and shame and these children are completely overlooked and unsupported by the various systems and structures that should be there to support them. what can be done to help them? have to make sure that sentencing is an absolute last resort and safer for everybody and we look to community alternatives and reducing imprisonment rates which is why the highest across western europe and we have to recognise that they are at risk in sentencing and we have to ask the question of are the children going to be affected and what do they need in their own right? we think of us having a very good safety net, is this a hole in that and that people are not talking about when they get arrested to the point where they did incarcerated? i think we are overlooking that their children affected by this. the crime of the pa rent affected by this. the crime of the parent and actually children need support and of their own right regardless of what the parent is done and i think for too long, they have been chording with the prison reform trust and we have been working with the colleagues internationally to make sure that children are recognised and working on developing an impact assessment which for me and children get the support they need and that their front and centre of that that we ask children there with a status and researchers about how the sentencing is going to impact them that we listen to children throughout the criminal justice journey. that's the picture in europe — but what about here in the us? aileen keays is from the project manager for the children with incarcerated parents initiative — she joins us now via skype. what is it like for a child in the united states when their parent is sent to prison? what happens to the child? very similar. children are often ignored. we focus on those that are incarcerated and we ignore the children. we have tried to pass legislation here and are impact state m e nts legislation here and are impact statements that seems like a similar effort in the uk in the responsibility statements which would describe the potential impact in terms of imprisonment that they would have on the family. most important the children, so that the courts of the opportunity to consider whether or not extended —— a sentence of incarceration. the child, in terms of the social stigma, what happens to them at school, what happens with them in their network. i cannot imagine that it is something that any child gets over easily, even when the parent does come out of prison. when they come out of prison, they can be one of the most devastating times. it com pletely of the most devastating times. it completely uproots your life. it consumes your thoughts, your at a co nsta nt level of consumes your thoughts, your at a constant level of toxic stress and the stress levels, the trauma, it can be overwhelming and can lead to distraction and school. it can lead to learning disabilities, developmental delays, speech and language problems and behavioural issues which can cause difficulty in school. and there is a stigma and shame which leads oftentimes to silence, families may have a spoken rule that you cannot tell your friends of the school that you have a loved one incarcerated because they do not want their child to be bullied and treated differently although they can lead to further silence because the children are unable to gather support for this that they would otherwise perceive so that they would otherwise perceive so it can be very devastating experience. should courts and judges ta ke experience. should courts and judges take into account the children that are take into account the children that a re left take into account the children that are left behind when they come out with sentences for certain offences? absolutely and certainly public safety co m es absolutely and certainly public safety comes first. but we want the courts have the opportunity to consider all information that is releva nt consider all information that is relevant and if this is a sentence of two months, three months and yet that parent will lose theirjob, the child may have to switch schools, is the collateral harm worse than the sentence, do we really need that sentence? is at the best outcome for public safety in the community for children in the child's health, short—term and long—term parts to consider all those factors. a fascinating, so many similarities between europe and in america. but the incarceration rates are much higher in america than the eu. this is a truly amazing story. a patient has played the violin while surgeons operated on her brain to remove a tumour. these incredible pictures show the operation at king's college hospital in london. the medical team asked dagmar turner to play the violin to ensure parts of the brain which control delicate hand movements and coordination were not damaged during the surgery. dagmar says she has virtually no memory of the operation, or what she played. some bits of summertime and i played just different scales and harmonics and you do not know if you are fully aware that there was something or somebody constantly being in the way of my bed. the surgeon professor keyoumars ashkan says the idea for playing during surgery came from dagmar. it was her who put the idea in our heads that we could potentially operate with her and she was helping us operate with her and she was helping us in collaborating with us during the surgery by playing the violin and making sure that we do not damage those critical areas that control the fine hand movement and dexterous movements that she has to do in orderto dexterous movements that she has to do in order to play all those wonderful songs. so during surgery, we are obviously very creative in terms of positioning her because as you look at that, we had to do that underan you look at that, we had to do that under an aesthetic for the part of the skin in the bone and waiting for her to wake the skin in the bone and waiting for herto wake up the skin in the bone and waiting for her to wake up from that in order to do that for fine tuning and for her to start playing the violin and the technique and remove the tumour. spread to make sure that when she wakes up, she wakes up in a position where she can hold the violin and start playing immediately and that is something that i think about and asi is something that i think about and as i mentioned, as the bone moves around, it could be an operated field, so that these particular types of trips to make sure that everything is kept sterile and separated from the operation.“ everything is kept sterile and separated from the operation. if she played a bum note, they would've thought that, oh, we have cut the wrong bit? literally? listen, iused to play the violin at school in the thought i had a lobotomy, i was so bad. maybe you did? i think i did. this is beyond one hundred days. still to come, 500 years on since the death of the great renaissance artist raphael — the vatican's sistine chapel is exhibiting his tapestries. we take a peak. the latejustin fashanu has been inducted into the national football museum's hall of fame, on what would have been his 59th birthday. he was the first black player to command a one million pound transfer fee, and was also england's first male professional to come out as gay, while still playing. katie gornall reports. justin fashanu was an outstanding talent. this picture perfect volley for norwich won goal of the season in 1980. commentator: fashanu. oh, what a goal! that's a magnificent goal. a few years later, he would become britain's first £1 million black footballer.

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