effective as masks, but of course if a person cannot wear a mask, they should provide some degree of protection. i agree that we certainly need more widespread mass clearing, particularly in light of events. countries who have done better in getting a grip of this virus, they tend to have had a culture of mass clearing. when there we re culture of mass clearing. when there were outbreaks? we've seen this in southeast asia, who have been far more successful in controlling the virus. we know this virus is transmitted with aerosol. masks reduce transmission. the next question is from vivian. " if you have antibodies for previous strains of the virus, do they protect you from the new variant?" interesting question. the short answer is yes, they do. the extended answer is when someone is infected with any virus, not only the antibodies, but any of the responses raised. white blood cells. there are other components of the system, so even if the antibodies are having valid responses, other components would act and neutralise the virus. so, but... but we don't know yet how long and last. that is something we don't precisely know but based on other experiences, the likelihood is that the antibodies would remain at least for 18 months. the next question is from charles. "as the particles are heavier than air, they will ultimately end up on the ground to be distributed on people's feet. whereas dust, they will get blown around by vacuum cleaners and particularly hand dryers and public buildings. should we not be doing more to sterilise our streets like in china?" so, the more... we know primarily aerosol and droplets. of course, there's a question of contaminated surfaces as well. what we don't know much about transition, the cdc recommends sterilisation or disinfection of indoor areas that are frequently visited. with disinfected solutions, etc. in terms of fa ns disinfected solutions, etc. in terms of fans and dryers and vacuum cleaners, yes, they can increase circulation of air and lead to the virus being transmitted over longer distances. currently, the cdc recommends that those devices are not used indoors, for example, vacuuming is done when there is nobody indoors and with protective equipment. in terms of street disinfection, we don't actually know what the effectiveness of an intervention like that is and we have to remember that even between this infection, they will be spread of aerosols in streets and outdoors. rather than disinfecting the streets, which is complex and hard to do and may not be as effective, it is much better to actually perform hygiene measures for oneself and wear masks to prevent transmission. even if streets were cleaned, presumably, that would only last for seconds, potentially, because more people come along. potentially carrying the virus. therefore, the whole exercise of cleaning the streets is a pretty pointless one, one might argue. i don't know what you would say on that. exactly. i think don't know what you would say on that. exactly. ithink that don't know what you would say on that. exactly. i think that has been argued. fyi it's not being —— that's why it's not being effective longer than a few minutes because people will keep coming in. we don't know how effective it is in terms of disinfection because there is a lack of... so, it's much better to take personal precautions rather than having to disinfect entire streets. mohammed, this question for you from craig. "we have a new variant that has been discovered. why is this thing called a variant of covid—19 and not covid 20? how much does a virus have to mutate before it's a different virus?" yes, very interesting question. the thing is that this virus is vague. it has 30,000 nuclear powers. and we have noticed only 23 notations —— 30,000 mutations. we caught a variant, variant meaning it is different than the regular strain, but not everything is identical. this means if this new variant, if it is causing more transmit ability of the disease, yet it is not causing impact on to the efficacy of the vaccine. this will still remain within the same group of the viruses, even if it is... coming back to the point, how much viruses have to change to call it new virus, viruses have significantly before they become at the stage where he classed them as a new virus or into the new family, which is really happening. even if this mutates any further, it would still remain into the same family as coronavirus. just to reiterate, because this particular variant actually is essentially very, very similar to the original virus, that's why we believe, we certainly hope the vaccine will still be as effective on it as well. that is absolutely right, because it's a very tiny defence to compare to the full length of the virus. good to confirm. a question from maggs. "do they know how many of yesterday's 37,000 cases contained the new variant?" i think the answer is they may... i certainly don't. how we pick up this variant, one is through genomics. for example, 10% of all samples are sequence so we can observe whether these mutations exist or not. the other way we are able to pick this up is through regular testing, so with the routine tests we do, the readout is with this virus because of certain mutations in our particular protein of the virus —— a particular protein. looking at the frequency of that change, we can estimate the frequency of this mutation may be. based on data, it appears southeast england, 70% of mutations were being attributed to the virus but that isn't a sample that was sequence. in terms of spite drop out, at the moment, i don't think data is being released. so i can't tell you how many cases of. a question from shadow. "if anybody‘s protect people, wipe vaccinate people who already have them? should it only be given to people without antibodies" that's again an interesting question. we are infected with the virus. —— when we are infected, we don't know if the antibodies are sufficient enough to neutralise the virus. therefore, it is important even people who are initially infected and recovered to be vaccinated because vaccine induces... if somebody needed to be screened. if everybody knew to be screened. if everybody knew to be screened for the antibodies to protect against infection, that is probably impossible. the cheaper option is to vaccinate everybody. evenif option is to vaccinate everybody. even if people are infected before, they still need to be vaccinated. i'm going to try to squeeze into more questions. we heard the vaccine would still protect you get the new variant but will there be any impact on the accuracy of testing? as i said before, the usual tests, we see a difference but we are able to... so it doesn't affect accuracy. with lateral flow test, we don't know at the moment and that's an area effectively under investigation. very clear answer. mohammed, from kathy, we are being told this is more untra nslatable. it kathy, we are being told this is more untranslatable. it is a capable of surviving longer surfaces —— transmissible. we know out of 23 musicians, two are very important. those are at the dash mutations. it is more transmissible because it enters into the body more quickly. based on those mutations, the structure of this protein does not changed in such a way that would make the virus more stable under surfaces so therefore, all the disbandment we are using now would be under the new variant. great to have you both with us today. thank you very much for sharing your expertise. from queen mary university, thank you very much and thanks to you for sending your questions. for the rest of today, a real north—south split to our weather, with contrasts and temperature certainly. the scotland and northern ireland, turning colder, clearer with some scattered showers, england and wales, still very mild and also pretty wet as well, so we have low pressure bringing further outbreaks of rain, could be some localised flooding across parts of england and wales because this rain is falling in pretty saturated ground. the winds also a feature, picking up, through the english channel, they could be some gates for a time. rain in the south pushing southwards and eastwards, further north, clearing skies and a cold northerly wind blowing in some scattered showers. they will be falling on fairly chilly ground across parts of scotland, there could be some snow particularly over hills, some iciness as well, further south, some frost to start off your christmas eve. heading through tomorrow, then. christmas eve, high pressure sits out to the west of the uk, so quite a lot of dry weather around but the winds will be coming from a northerly direction, so the blue colours across the map, it will be much chillier on christmas eve than it has been recently. a lot of dry, sunny weather to be enjoyed, but some scattered showers along the east coast, could be a little wintry for the north yorkshire moors, north eastern scotland as well, wintry flurries. a lot of dry weather elsewhere. temperatures three to 8 degrees, it will feel chilly, particularly where you are exposed to the northerly wind. then heading thursday night into friday, heading right into the big day itself, christmas day. high—pressure still very much the dominating feature, so a cold start your christmas morning, in fact sub zero across the board. cold and frosty first thing. still a bit of a brisk northerly blowing around the east coast of finland, could be the odd wintry flurry, some showers late in the day for scotland and northern ireland. the east coast 0 further south it should remain dry, temperatures on the chilly side for christmas day, quite a cool, frosty feel to the weather, around four to seven degrees for most of us. boxing day, a much more unsettled story here. outbreaks of rain heading in from the north and the west, some snow over the high ground of scotland, dry weather further south and east but we are back into double figures in the south. ten degrees or so. pretty wet and particularly windy across the board for boxing day. then it remains unsettled for further spells of rain, turning cold again through sunday and into monday. bye for now. hello, i'm maryam moshiri, this is outside source. signs of movement on a brexit trade deal — from brussels, and london reports that the major issues have been resolved. millions more people will be put into new restrictions in the south of england due to a growing number of coronavirus infections. the uk says another new variant of coronavirus has been detected, this time in two people arriving from south africa. tempers flare as truck drivers — stranded in southern england — are told they need a test and a negative result before they can travel to france. but the first trucks have now started leaving a temporary lorry
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