Result it's not fair to give children the fear of climate breakdown later a Missouri farm talks of the problems of extreme flooding. Match in a place with a legislative body that hasn't actually been in session for the best part of 3 years you'd have to say the democratic process there was slightly cracked wouldn't you well how about if it were suspended for the 6th time since a short life started 20 years ago this year or that's a give away or go to say it must be Northern Ireland that's all right then but it's not all right and the novelist client Patterson has written a book about the North's particular Deila even before breaks it happens if it does is book written on an intense period from May to September it's called backstopped lab Glenn told me he had a very specific model in mind for its impressionistic style when I was at school one of the works that really really drew me to wanting to write I realised quite quickly I was never going to be a port but it was a it was a port it was Louis McNeice and his grit long poor published in 139 but written in 1038 called Autumn journal and it was appalling that was written with war clearly imminent and expected any day autumn journalism is a mix of public events the kind of a step back an objective look at what's going on but it's also mixed in with out these almost journal entries. A diary of his life his friends' lives in London in those last months of the 1930 it. I thought to myself when I came to write the book that because of the task I sort of set myself which was was to write something in a few months that I did want to take a record of the summer in which I was I was writing it whatever happens and whatever happened I thought to myself in those months politically I wanted to record some of the things that were going on around me some of which might be slightly unexpected to people who don't live here and some of which might in time really. Be the indicators of high we are going to be in future years there are things that are going on here that would that would fill me with optimism even though in the shorter term I'm feeling a little bit pessimistic about. About what's happening. One of the vents really overshadows the book I know it seems to me or a shadow set and our market way Parachinar way is the death of the journalist Leo McKee who was shot by what we're always told was a stray bullet from new Ira gun. Was she somebody who was known to you I mean her work was obviously terribly important I did know I did know her work I didn't know lira Personally I had been involved and have been involved for a good many years in campaigning for equal marriage in Northern Ireland we were until recently the only place on these islands where you could not marry someone of the same sex and we also had the most draconian abortion legislation. Of anywhere on this island. So I had a one stage a few years ago I actually performed and it was a performance. Same sex marriage on the steps of the merchant hotel in Belfast. And one of the people who I was marrying that night was Maliki or hire who is not a Green Party consular in Belfast City Council and we did it to draw attention to the fact that we didn't have sex marriage here and in the nature of a performance like that when people speak voice lose voice or real in the moment of their speaking it doesn't matter whether it's in a church it doesn't matter where it is it doesn't matter who's officiating I had taken the precaution of getting myself or d. In through an American Online church it took me all of 35 seconds and I cannot marry people in 48 states of the of the Union but I took it seriously we took it seriously it was a performance but it was also it was also to draw attention to something very significant so I was I was I was very very keen to reflect in the book some of that current in our life and at this time here in Northern Ireland and of course I mean I knew we come back to leader in a minute but but of course in the course of writing your book Westminster intervened Yes and Northern Ireland actually get it gets gay marriage it's it's fantastic I mean one of the unexpected consequences of the whole Breck's of thing. Northern Ireland questions in the in the House of Commons are usually well I follow Northern Irish football I can tell you why sparse the terraces sometimes are on a wet and windy Saturday afternoon at my local football ground the terraces in the House of Commons are usually even more sparsely populated when it's Northern Ireland questions because of the whole Breck's it be it because of the attempt to put other amendments into any piece of legislation that was going through the Commons in the summer a piece of every day legislation so far is no. When are Ireland was concerned which was perspiring yet again the date for elections to a new assembly was seen as an opportunity by some. God bless them parliamentarians who had a couple of amendments saying that unless the Northern Ireland Assembly was up and running again by October there would be Sims sex marriage would be legalized in Northern Ireland under abortion laws would be reformed as well something we'd all come p. And for for a very very long time happened as a consequence of that unsettled time stuff so funny thought isn't it because here I mean no one lovely page of a book page 31 I think this is so funny as shows up on the Hill star more the complete works of the Northern Ireland Assembly since January the twenty's 2017 and it seemed pretty and then at the bottom it says after the end Shackleton's the average directors knowledge of football so there's a slight We there's a slight point being made there so I would hope it's more than slight. I mean I. Am frustrated as many people are here but the star says in Northern Irish politics I'm also there's a there's a lesson here which is always listen to your dad because my dad was a great lens shackled and I'm a dad told me years ago by the chapter in lend Shackleton's autobiography which was the average director's knowledge of football and it was a blank page when I came to write this book I thought to myself there's a good place to deploy this and I do acknowledge I do acknowledge lend Shackleton there but my dad died a couple of years ago I like to think he'd have been. Proud that I remembered that proud of the acknowledgment of Len Shackleton and also another another section in the book while I was writing this the Belfast shipyard Harland and Wolff was in. The injury of closing and I went to see the workers who were occupying the yard just to show support and my dad was being a shipyard worker and when I was done there one of the one of the strikers gave me a cap with the Harland and Wolff emblem on it and just said that's your dad. After say it it broke my heart nearly broke my heart tell and yet again but these were all the things that were going on while the world was looking at as perhaps meanly in terms of bricks it was an awful lot else that was happening on the ground I walk from I walk from the strike at Harlem Wolf I walk through what used to be the shipyard is nigh the Titanic Quarter where they film Game of Thrones where the Titanic visitor center I walked into Belfast city center and it was the day of the Pride March in Belfast and I went straight from the strike dying to pride and stood in the city center with with 40000 other people which is a remarkable thing again to happen in Belfast it would have been truly unthinkable 20 years ago. We are called Ceasefire generation her generation because she was over 20 so she died a very stressed generation and in a way you know the sins of the father have been visited on them whether they like it or not I mean some of the really most important work that lyric he did was a riot suicide and suicides among young people in Northern Ireland and it really is I think you can use the word epidemic here there is so much that we haven't dealt with and as you say it is on to the next generation and it is it is something that needs to be stated and restated and lire Maccie did it brilliantly I think the thing with Lira was that in a way I've got I've got a teenage daughter who wants maybe still has an Instagram blog and she heard tens of thousands of followers and I asked her what she wrote about and she said she would buy politics but she wasn't writing about Northern Ireland Northern Ireland was kind of like the hole in the donut she was interested in the world but she was frustrated by politics here and was looking outwards was thinking about questions of identity she was a global citizen living in Belfast McKee I think represented something like that she was somebody who was interested in issues that went beyond Northern Ireland at the same time she was still very very local in her focus and she was in Derry she'd moved to Derry to be with her partner and there was a riot that day but Thursday before Good Friday she went out to see what was happening and was was murdered by the new Ira. I think for a lot of people perhaps someone like Lee or she was an l.g. Bt activist and some of the things that she represented perhaps and stood for and Campion for perhaps to the outside world might have been a bit of a surprise that there were individuals in fact many many individuals like me or McKee living and working in Northern Ireland and perhaps a true attention from the outside to something of life here and but at the same time she she was a 29 year old journalist and writer she was standing on a street somebody stuck a gun around the corner and fired it in the v. Direction of the police and. It had lira Maccie. And that the person who fired that gun. I can't say this with certainty nobody can because nobody's been brought brought to trial for it but most commentators seem to think that the person who fired that gun was in his teens. There is something very wrong in this society that 20 years after the Good Friday Agreement we still have teenagers who are joining organizations like the new Ira and very important about the new Ira the new Ira didn't come along because of Brecht's that the new Ira formed out of remnants of all they are race in 2012 there have been 160 murders here by loyalist and Republican paramilitaries since the Good Friday Agreement there have been scores and scores of punishment attacks which means brutalizing usually again young people by beating them with bats or shooting him and them in the legs paramilitary organizations have been active here for the last 20 years that was a horrifying figure when I read it that Queen the university study that said that more than 4000 punishment beatings have been administered or whatever whatever terrible words you choose to use it isn't like it is it is quite shocking and again I think that we many people here try try valiantly to draw attention to those things on the on the 20th anniversary of the Good Friday Agreement and I mention this in the book the 20th anniversary of the Good Friday Agreement I was at the Ulster hole in the center of Belfast at an event at which Bill Clinton and Senator George Mitchell received the freedom of the said there were huge events all around all around the time and all across Northern Ireland on that particular day. The next day a 20 year old was taken out by one of the IRA's and taken on to withdraw on mid July dine and shot in the legs. There's an extra perversion in that it seemed to me that this was the. We were celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Good Friday Agreement and here is a 20 year old being shot in the legs on wist ground in Belfast underneath her said she was alerted to by the screams of the victim. I voted for the Good Friday agreement I would vote for the Good Friday Agreement every single time it was put down in front of me I didn't vote to be living in a place where 20 years later we would still have things like that going on something somewhere or many things along the way of field or have not been followed through as they as they should have been so I love this place I love the city of Belfast. Horrified by some of the things that of being been going on here the murder of Lyric a in April brought me and many many people dying to the front of the city hall which is where we always go when someone is murdered we gather there to say not an army and I'm sad to say there were quite a number of people who I was talking to that night and we said how many times have we done this die in the years there was somebody standing with a newborn child and he said to me I really hope this will be a true ceasefire be a. Tells me that about your organization fighting words but I think most Belfast fighting words is a children's writing charity. It's a sibling organization of fighting words Dublin which was formed by Roddy Doyle and a guy called Sean love he used to be of Amnesty International in Ireland and ready to go as his inspiration to 6 Valencia which in turn had been set up by de of Eggers great American writer and he just decided that he wanted to have a writing center in Dublin and and it's very important to say that this is a writing center it's not a literacy center it's not about reading it's about writing and as I characterize our are fighting words in Belfast it's to encourage children and young people to think of themselves as the authors of their own lives. Too often here words are taken out of our model they're they're co-opted into. Political ideologies and it's very difficult sometimes to negotiate language in a place like Northern Ireland and I just think that by by writing you take ownership of words and that's one of the things we want to do with fighting words so it's a grid grid organization and just in June of this year. The Arlen fund's charity called the Ireland funds awarded their literary prize very significant prize they awarded it to Lira Maccie which was a great gesture and recognition of lira McKee but even greater than the art. Partner Sarah counting. That the that the award be given in the year is in the into fighting words Belfast so there was a great event done. Sudan's cathedral in the center of Belfast Sudan's Cathedral the last time I was in it was at Leo McKee's funeral and there I was just a couple of months later receiving on behalf of fighting words Belfast is a ward well as have. Wonderful. You know there's so much that you say about Belfast and yet we have a general ignorance of it and I think I think it's fair to say that you know. Our ignorance meaning if we do use not Northern Ireland everybody's ignorance of Northern Ireland is fairly monumental isn't it in some way I think to myself well why why should anybody be interested and I mean I grew up I think one of things I I grew up watching television the came from London that came from Granada that we had a very small television very small I put from b.b.c. Northern Ireland so I was used to getting my news and I still get my news generally from London I would hear English place names I could genuinely attach a kindy to any time that was mentioned or any city that was mentioned in England I grew up listening to news from there and also listening to the news from r.t.e. In Dublin so I grew up feeling that I was part of this larger thing it was maybe one of the things that kept us all see in Northern Ireland in the worst times was think feeling that we belong to something larger. And perhaps it's just the case that when Northern Ireland came on people close their ears and so didn't listen as intently to news from Northern Ireland or perhaps with good reason they they just couldn't take any more of the you know the litany of atrocities that happened here for a couple of decades. I say I can sort of understand but what I can't understand is or what I can't tolerate is when people talk about Northern Ireland or invoke it. In defense of their particular particular political stance especially on on an issue like Breck's it because the place that they invoke doesn't resemble the players that I live in and I think that's part of what drove me to want to write the book was to say this is what this place is like this time and you know what I have I did great summer in some ways it was a summer of extraordinary publications by young writers from here I went dined probably went to the 2 or 3 times in the book to a bar called The Sun floor bar which is one of the last bars in Belfast that still has the key ages that we have around all our pubs to protect people from random gun attacks it still has the cages on it but they're painted green they're always open and they fly baskets hanging from the. Great Center for Music for literature for life in the set a and you know I wanted to celebrate the life of the players and the extraordinary younger people who are living here and who are doing things here that fill me full of both hope and joy. Glen Patterson. It's the so much in this book it's called backstop law and. The bar continues to be raised and so far only 6 candidates have qualified for the next Democratic us presidential candidates debate to be held at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles on the 19th of December the debate will be called hosted by Politico public broadcasting services news or for moderators include a young is an American journalist snoozers national correspondent I'm no now as appalled by its runny sayings as now as his involvement has created a lot of attention and Pakistan. The lady making the headlines in Pakistan over the last few days is no odds She's an American born in Virginia bucks funny heritage she's a t.v. Correspondent and what the Pakistani papers has been talking about is the fact that she's the 1st South Asian Journalist. Reportedly to be co moderating a Us presidential debate this is going to be the 6th Democratic primary it's going to be held on the undescended the 19th in Los Angeles and she'll be co moderating along with a few other colleagues from her network Now some people in Pakistan are really pleased about this news about Anonymous and one of them is the PSNI where she's the director of U.K.'s which is an engineer working on female empowerment empowerment in and through the media it's a matter of absolute joy and pride I think each Pakistani to learn that. Pakistani American journalist is going to Margaret the presidential debate for all women journalists especially matter of you know gaining confidence and also aspiring to be at her place some day that gives a huge boost to all women journalists in Pakistan so I'm very happy about it. Are Well the sales of electric cars and electric vehicles continue to be in the single digits of course sales of other vehicles are pretty healthy and sales of new sport utility vehicles S.U.V.s at the moment outnumber electric vehicles by 37 to one in Britain the u.k. Energy Research Center says this threatens attempts to reduce carbon emissions faster Jillian Annabelle is from the center. Well there's quite a few reasons why this is happening and it's quite easy to sort of blame the consumers though it's sort of bad bad taste in and not caring about the planet but in actual fact the choice of these vehicles on the market is huge it's been rising the way in which they've been marketed has been really quite aggressive most manufacturers have been found to only spend about 4 percent of their advertising revenue on showing us the electric vehicle a we have a card and an environment a lot of people think they need a car b. These cars are very attractive see the finance deals are offered actually don't really disclose the benefits of getting a less energy intensive vehicle they don't show you the running costs they really just showing you the monthly repayments they're wrapping up the government taxing those prepayments the annual circulation tax so people aren't getting the carbon signals so what we've been doing is really focusing on the uptake of electric vehicles and really focusing on you know what proportion the market are we up to and for pure battery electric vehicles that's the one percent of car sales at the moment so it's tiny and we've kind of. Turned off face away from the other end of the market where this phenomenon is happening of this uptake of large vehicles so we set these targets for electric vehicles what we need to do is to phase out the the larger and the more gas guzzling and and in the meantime where is selling millions of these vehicles that are going to be on the road to the next 10 to 15 years whilst we're talking about climate emergency where the transport sector is the only sector way missions are still rising so where you know completely inconsistent with what we're doing. And we need to get the prices right so that across the transport system we have a situation where it's not beneficial to jump to jump in the car but because we haven't been increasing our fuel tax and duties and so on on cars we need to get the prices right to shift mobility across the board. Julie Out of all putting the case for the u.k. Research Center and it's just after 3. Home digital b.b.c. Census last year the various cities b.b.c. Radio 5 Live. And with the b.b.c. News on 5 Live I'm cabaret I'm too British women are among more than 30 people being treated in hospital in New Zealand after they were injured and a volcanic eruption yesterday at least 5 people are known to have died officials say they're not expecting to find any more survivors Boris Johnson and Jeremy Corbin a focusing on what they regard as the party's key strengths today with 48 hours to go before the polls open in the general election the prime minister will say that only a majority Conservative government can break the brags that deadlock while the Labor leader will set out his plans for the n.h.s. . So I thought again has announced nationwide power cuts after 10 percent of the electricity grid was switched off the state owned utility Eskom has blamed heavy rain for problems like coal power stations and the Ministry of Defense is returning a medal tearful Quins fatter and he was stripped of it under an alter roll that prevented gay people from serving in the armed forces the day has apologized to Joe or Salita his from sight humped and it's planning to restore lost medals to other veterans Shabnam has a sport Arsenal were called all full for the 1st hour of them Premier League match against West Ham as they trailed one nil but suddenly something clicks out of nowhere. The touch of the coach I was in the box action a change there was. They were chippy which was. Was. 3 goals and 9 minutes and Freddie Ljungberg was left punching the air after his 1st win as interim manager at the 31 victory was Austin's 1st in 10 matches in all competitions players have belief that I've been trying to move the ball we started moving with remote tempo was there start to get tired and amazingly the socks of the round before it was amazing to see I'm so so proud of them Everton have Shanghai courage little Perra high on their list of candidates to replace the socks Marco Silva the trouble still looking for a permanent boss despite cancer manager Duncan Ferguson flying starts with a 31 win over Chelsea Antone Ruediger returns to the Chelsea's going for their final Champions League game against Lisa nice he's been around since September defend us to cater to Morey misses the game with a slight hip strain Lupul are a way to solve spur going to be live on 5 Life Water presidents a Craig. Has defended the decision to impose only a 4 year ban on Russia from all major sporting events he's faced criticism from Travis Tygart the chief executive of the u.s. Anti-Doping Agency and says the decision not to impose a blanket ban on Russian athletes even under a neutral flag is a devastating blow to clean athletes Well here are the views of Allie Jowett a member of the u.k. Anti-doping athlete commission and triple Olympic medalist Kelly Sotherton welcome messages are sent out to the future generation that actually states have been doping is actually true to softly up in today with no blanket ban I think if I'm either they've been they've been soft The reason publicly you have to be the top attention is because there are athletes on for it to do the right thing all the right thing and help. And despite the ban the promoters of the Russian grown priest said they're confident the race will go ahead next year is she said place in such on the 27th of September Rory McILROY turned down a large appearance fee to compete in next month's European Tour events in Saudi Arabia saying he just doesn't want to go it follows Tiger Woods decision not to play in the events and rugby union wants to Captain joy Sexton's at a scan on a knee injury this rule to fly out of Saturday's Champions Cup game at home to Northampton Saints Cronan will be called on for the match and I'm very rich John Higgins and Graeme Dott were among the 1st around when his at the Scottish Open sneak in class go that's the latest from b.b.c. Sport. Hi I'm former Welsh international rugby player Jarvis Thomas this week for Sport Relief I've been trusted to transport in the famous sports personality of the Year trophy I'm attempting to cycle 500 grueling miles from last year's winner getting Thomas' hometown of Cardiff to this year's awards in opposition it's all for a great cause for truly fight stigma and discrimination and supports those living in fear of speaking out so they can get the help they. Have got to make it in time for the take notice and follow my journey and show you can get involved with the b.b.c. Sport Relief why. The fust thing use in the past life school this is b.b.c. 5 Live. 8 with a shop. And the un climate change conference c o p $25.00 us No 9 is now in its 2nd week in Madrid alone fight really only got going at the end of last week the teenage activist gratitude and Berg spoke at a 500000 people strong March through the center of Madrid weekend when she spoke there was no comfort in other words saying that despite all the marching and protesting around the world and he's lost 2 years professors have achieved nothing because greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise well from a general view of the climate crisis to a very specific one and tremendous flooding has been a constant problem this year in the American Midwest a lot last September this couple of months ago and we spoke to a car and soybean farmer in Missouri called Richard Oswald who has felt the empire of climate change at 1st time and I'm pleased to say that Mr Oswald is back again hello hello Rob how are you thank goodness it's jolly nice to hear you but I'm fine my question though is how are you now things any better than when we last spoke well the situation here is better in that most of the water from the river has receded back into the channel that horrid engineers the u.s. Army Corps of Engineers who controls. The reservoirs in the levee system up and down the Missouri River as their release of water out of the reservoirs the bad news is that the reservoirs will still be 70 percent full. And the Corps is telling everyone down the basin that. Not that we need to be prepared for flooding but there will be flooding and we must prepare for that so they only have 30 percent of the capacity of those reservoirs. To control the flooding this spring and there's already significant snow pack building in the decoders Montana and and snow fell just over the weekend across northern Rast into Minnesota which is north of me which is all upstream from you. At this time of year what with the water level usually be like in the recipe hours Well typically. If you want to go back 15 or 20 years. They would be about 60 percent Foer maybe half full and that that's the cause the level of precipitation since 000 the 2007 or 2008 is radically increased we had a record flood in 2011 and then we had a flood this year in 21000 that was another new record and it was so high that. My baby our home that was where I was born it's only place I've ever lived where the ground floor is never been touched by water was ruined by this flood so I when was that. That was in March mid March that Spencer reserve or was the name of the day in that broke north of us in northern bras and that water had about the same time there as significant snow melt. Up Around Sue fall South Dakota started down the river and so we were hit with with all the water from behind that broken dam as well as the snow melt and that water continued to flow for weeks and then the of course that because it was so much water coming down the Corps maintained those high water levels all summer. Very difficult to make levee repairs this year because of the high water level in the Missouri right Jamie and. It's impossible that race props anywhere in the valley and of course a levy of it we all know it. And Britain because of dog McLean who drove his Chevy to the levee but the levee is a banking right that keeps the river in keeps the water in its place usually Yeah right America back in a Around the time of the New Deal and when President Roosevelt was president. There was a big effort to to build levees. Either new levees or or let me rivers that had never been levee most of the valley from flooding and then part of that land was to create huge reservoirs and that's what they did on the Missouri River they created several huge lesson horse that were meant to control flooding to preserve some water or the cities up and down the basin using the dry times and also to to provide recreation but over the last few years why the directive to the corps has changed from flood control to recreational and preserving. Excess amount of water or the cities and. Keep those levee Erdos reservoirs overfull so tell us a little bit by the effect on top soil if you've had all this water a are you losing soil is it being washed away down the river there are field Syria that been severely eroded beyond any reasonable. Level I think these are streams. Big fat flat fields on the in the Missouri River very flat and yet the amount of water that flows across them when an event like this happens it's it's it's many times the normal amount and the water flows not only down the river channel that process yields and in some places the roads and in other places it deposits that soil in a lot of places it digs out the huge holes and the way our soil is here in the valley is after you get to the top soil then there are generally layers of very fine St And that's what happens when those both holes come along in those fields as they dig out big holes they start to churn that same depth and lift that sand up and carry it on to other fields and it in some instances will leave you sand dunes of what is normally very Arma so that that land is no longer productive and is no longer was taken out of production. How is that affecting cropping that because you you've got you tend to plot soybeans don't you know that sure major crop of soybeans and corn is typically on our arm we grow about half and half and we rotate one peel the 2 from corn to soybeans generally what was corn one year it's I mean the next year or so this is going to this is interrupted our cropping of course we didn't have a crop on those acres this year and next year we face more flooding after last year's flooding and clean have in the damage done that we need to take care of we can plan explaining there's a good chance that most of those acres if we're able plant can always soybeans because the growing season can be shorter stories and corn. And what about the economics of all because the the president's made special aid available to farmers is that working for you. Well you just I have to be honest as hell I'm not a big fan of the subsidies we as u.s. Farmers have had invested in ourselves to help build export markets so that we could profit from the marketplace with the Chinese tariffs and particular we lost a huge market for us like we lost market for 25 percent of all the cities we grow here and that created surplus so the name of the president may just have been a nice interim infusion of cash but there are obviously are going to be a lot of people that those limits are not going to be very popular with one taxpayers learn a pay for and what they will cost us and how much it's racking up the deficit Yeah it's a popular word these days m. What about the actual prices that you that you can come on and. How much of a crop were you able to salvage this year you know in percentage terms on our farm we planted about 20 percent of our normal acreage so that was about $5.00 to $600.00 acres which would be to tap into that would be actors. A couple $1250.00 actors and if you were going to make on that crop what you made last year or the year before the prices would have to be about 4 times what they were in 2018 I guess they weren't. How Yeah well oh we did have insurance and the crop insurance. Pays for your loss but it also pays something you were prevented from planting by act of God So we were able to collect crop insurance and then there was a small this ascertainment that went along with that and so between the crop insurance and it is ascertainment most farmers had enough to pay their short term bills but I will say this there are a number of armored leaving the business here this year we have what they call arms sales here were farm machinery is liquidated by farmers when they retire when they can no longer afford operate and there are a number of farm sales going on here now and looks like they'll be more throughout the winter because winter is that typically the time when those farm sales are. And I think I should ask you let's Missouri is traditionally a red state that's Republican voting state. Is there any reason why it shouldn't continue to be well there are some farmers who are disgruntled by what's happened with the troubled ministration of ours the loss of export markets as well as losses or from the e.p.a. Or blending more ethanol into our gasoline supply because ethanol uses about half of our corn crop each year so when we lose demand for ethanol we also lose demand for corn corn prices and soybean prices both right now are below what it costs us to grow them so obviously if there is a limited amount of time that we have to get this situation corrected before we lose a lot more cock and you keep your fingers crossed for the weather which is where we came in Richard it's great to talk to you again thank you so very much All right thank you nice to hear from you thank you. Well let's go back a few years but 11000000 in fact you may have seen the image of evolution which was on the cover of Jacob Bronowski his book The Ascent of Man It starts with an image of an ape with its knuckles dragging on the ground and gradually over time it changes and modern man this wonderful a simplistic cd of a common ancestor seemed to been backed up when a partial skeleton of an ancient ape was discovered in Germany did new vs Goo can mosey the name given to the skeleton cause much interest last month as a study of the board suggested that the anatomy that combined upright walking was swinging from the branches some people believed that we may have been making too many assumptions about the nature of this this character well Bevin Shaw is a light sure and anatomy and doctor is a bow wind lake shore and zoology at Bangor University is about winder Dr Blinder told me what it was about the discovery of this partial skeleton which were called the new vs that got her colleagues so excited. For starters this is a really really complete skeleton and it's beautifully preserved so we've got all sorts of different parts of the body that we normally wouldn't find for an ape The 2nd thing I suppose is that although it's very early so we don't think it's more closely related to us than to some of the Apes that live today perhaps it seems to be similar in some features or the be also suggested to be similar in some peaches to humans or common in ancestors so they've interpreted it as having a similar form of movement to us which makes at least ecologically very interesting because that would be well before we'd expect to have something that was that similar because it's closely related so much I mean I remember how long ago are we talking about I think this is about 15000000 years but that's well predating this between chimpanzees humans and could I ask you to tell us why based on the skeleton what people think it actually looked like what would what would be its closest kind of parallel today but it's a bit difficult actually to reconstruct we know it was quite small I just checked it's 11600000 years ago that it lived right so yeah it could have been as well but that's the that's the date on that particular skeleton. We know it's quite small bodied certainly by comparison with what makes 10 to be quite large this was much smaller so it was more in the region of the size of a given than the size of something like chimp certainly not like a gorilla and the in the interpretation is that effectively do standing upright so that would have its knees and its feet under the body I'm moved around bearing weight on its legs rather than bearing weight on its arms like most states today at this point I suppose we all call up the the little drawing there that Jacob Bronowski used for the ascent of man you know with people. On the one hand on the far right of the scale you've got modern and then on the left hand side you've got an ape on all fours and somehow the ape slowly straightens up over the period that's that's what we've all grown up with us and that's the idea of our evolution that we we've somehow been being sold now these people were saying might not have happened by that might been a bit more of a jump many people these days think that those illustrations are simplified really so most actual plots of human ancestors would look at trees Well the lines it's a really nice sort of way of looking at it simply but we haven't found very many of those intermediate forms and what we have found is a great diversity of apes all the way through so there are all sorts of things at the beginning in the middle and at the end so which one would you pick out to put in your lineup effectively but yes the office here haven't interpreted it like that they haven't said this is necessarily a straight line with a gradual evolutionary pattern what they're saying really is is more interesting than that what they're saying is ecologically This is similar in the way it is similar. But Vivian So are you and Dr winder have been very critical of or even somewhat critical anyway of the the sort of. Marvelous idea that somehow this is the source yet or another variation of the missing link what is anatomically that has people so interested in the new vs skeleton so what they're looking at particularly is on the shin bone so in the knee you have crew shaped ligaments so that the ligaments that always get tool knit when footballers have their injuries. And they have oh they were way real Tennessee of getting torn and teenage girls too don't they for some reason yes so if you if you have an injury where somebody kicks you on the side of the knee then your cruciate ligament all the things that are going to go. And the function of them normally is you've got in your knee you've got 2 bones that basically sit on top of each other and they've got nothing to stabilize the morale and so you've got ligaments either side and ligaments in the middle that holding the 2 bones in place and so in order to stand upright those ligaments need to be very very strong because otherwise you've got nothing to stop your. Own slipping off the top of your shin bone Now how did that work in this particular case in the case of the say so what you get if you have those ligaments is you get a big reach on the top of used of your shin bang from where the ligament attaches and so one of the things that they're looking at on these bones is they're saying that there's this really prominent breach and that implies that a that the ligament was that but also that there was a lot of tension being through the bone and that the ligament was being pulled on a lot and so the implication of that is that they were strange straining they're like Oh right so so they were standing up q.e.d. Right. But there's a difference between standing up and you're actually standing on your feet and the idea is more that the other thing that you use it for is if your knee is bent then you can rotate so you know when you have a ski. And they like crouched down and they can sort of basically swing their body around on top of the nice whilst their legs to the bottom of the legs are straight on the skis so that rotation is also something that you can do and the Relies also upon those ligaments being strong and so it doesn't necessarily mean that the main movement that was creating that reach was one of them standing up and balancing on their legs and pushing their way through their legs so the the apes could have been skiing or if they were they were doing something else where they could I think what we were saying was they could have been hanging from a brooch above and using and having their feet on the project apes mode makes do this a lot where they they'll have their feet on a branch below the hands on the branch but they pose them further out and so then you've got a situation where if you're gripping with your toes that then you can rotate your body on your bent knees with that position. There is very I'm sure later an anatomy of Bangor universe in our colleague Dr as well winder just telling us to be careful about jumping to conclusions about the skeletons. The b.b.c. Is promising a more authentic on the strength of representation of the sable people on screen along with a string of new shows and an enhanced portrayal that I'm quoting b.b.c. Language here in Homs portrayal in existing programs and I one of these shows is called jerk This follows a man who knows that having cerebral palsy means he can get away with almost anything b b c 3 s programme the jerk has just been renewed for a new series it's written by Tim Ranko who also stars in it and he based a main character on himself to talk about the show the preemie about. Being guy if you really trying to figure out how to stay in the country after he's means ekes by it's a really familiar story is No I mean we've been you know you go through that the other way with students in America and they're there and a 100 constant pressure story about a kind of group this week 200 people all caught up in an afterlife staying because they made a false University Yeah I didn't exist. Seen illegal I only did know that. You know what they're doing. Incredible. Yeah. So there you are and you want to stay in the u.k. For the best possible reasons tell us more about the show what's the what's their idea of the series. The idea that this coming season is no I can't think that teen learned in t's the part tree. Has just recently died he didn't really care school ages needed to be. Funny though has. The scenes in which you do proper training when Still you near as I hope. I do years Drew when you got the kind of commission from the b.b.c. Did they make a big deal of the whole disability thing you know or did they say this is great this tech some box for us you know well maybe they didn't say that I mean can Seine in take a bar is not. The b.b.c. Have been amazingly supportive of what our own want to do with it. Obviously no I just take it you know it's you know yeah of course of course how do you Writers' Room Sessions work do you do you tend to I'll just set our end and throw ideas around like everybody would you know here. It's just a bunch of guys in. A lady just trying to make each and laugh. When we just left. We know e-cards mountain Well you know when you're picked up for a 2nd series You Must have done something right when you look back at the far series what really worked it can can you tell us who haven't seen the cities something that you did in the far serious that you thought this is really really. Well like I like game with a certain look there's you know. Is this. My kid. In my kid does name is 10 weeks is my name and so it's really weird. To call my kid the. Leggy can think about it one dog you know about them I can't. Be as p.j. Need to get food. To play with as I and I say why did you come over to Britain that did you come over to Britain as a student how did that work I gave a. 1000. Or. So I think new legs that we need you. Send him a year's Yeah. Seems to me nothing is printing money for anyone in this city she radio. Show that it's on b.b.c. 3 at it's 4 o'clock 5 the news with player and the main news on 5 Live New Zealand Police say they'll launch a criminal investigation into the 2nd stances of Monday's volcano eruption and in sports will come back out of nowhere to be West Ham an end to a 9 game win let's run. This is b.b.c. 5 by 2 British women are among more than 30 people in hospital after a volcano erupted in New Zealand at least 5 people have died in 8 are missing on White Island the Deputy Commissioner John tame says it's too dangerous for rescuers to land there right now on the on an unstable. Possibilities of further eruptions but actually the physical environment is unsafe for us to return to the autumn and in the last few moments places have said they'll launch a criminal investigation into the circumstances of the eruption We'll have the latest on this coming up on the program on 5 life in just a moment. With just 2 days to go before the election the 2 main parties are focusing on what they see as their core vote winning issues our political correspondent is in Watson Labor will focus on the n.h.s. Promising to conduct an audit of risk if they take office this would examine how to address critical staff shortages and to identify where funds would be required to repair substandard buildings but conservatives will point out that their increasing n.h.s. Funding but their munch on getting breaks it done will dominate the next 2 days last night politicians faced questions on how using climate change and trust from an audience of young people in a Question Time election special Nigel Farage said he'll spoil his ballot paper when he votes on Thursday his brags that Parsee isn't standing in his constituency and he says he can't support Boris Johnson's deal with the e.u. The Chilean Air Force says a military plane with 38 people on board has disappeared on its way to Antarctica the search and rescue operations underway. A man's been arrested on suspicion of murder after a man in his forty's was stopped to death in north London police were called to her home in Hornsey last night following reports of a fight Myanmar's de facto leader Suchi will appear at the International Court of Justice in The Netherlands this morning to deny that her country's carried out genocide against written Jim Islams around 3 quarters of a 1000000 of them fled to Bangladesh 2 years ago after a violent crackdown by Myanmar's military. Saying is from the campaign group Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch has documented countless atrocities by Myanmar's military against the Hendra murder rape destruction of villages dating back to 2012 and even before that all of which amounted to crimes against humanity and moving forward to the 2017 clearance operations where we saw renewed brutality against the ranger and investigations finds that a 3rd of hospitals in England put up car parking charges last year with total income rising by a 10th the Press Association used the Freedom of Information Act to get data for more than 140 and I chased n.h.s. Trusts the responses show that more than 250000000 points was raised Chapman has the support Arsenal were a goal down for an hour at West Ham when they suddenly sprung to life unschooled 3 times in 9 minutes to win a 31 it's a 1st victory in 3 Premier League games in the interim manager Freddie Ljungberg and ends a run of 9 games without a win in all competitions Abbots in a considering Shanghai boss Vito Pereira as the permanent replacement for the Sox Marco Silva The club have moved out of the relegation zone after a $31.00 win over Chelsea and they can take a Boston conservatism the head of the u.s. Anti Doping Agency is criticised water for only giving Russia a 4 year ban from major sporting events but want us presidents a Craig Reedie has defended the length of the punishment saying they also needed to protect Russia's clean athletes who will be able to compete. Flag if they can prove they're untainted by the doping scandal and in golf Rory McILROY has ruled out competing in next month's European Tour event in Saudi Arabia despite being offered a large appearance fee he said 100 percent there's a morality to it on that decision to miss the sound international this is b.b.c. Radio 5 Live on digital b.b.c. Sound small speaker. After a chilly dry night with rain staying only really in the Northwest rain is expected to push based on across the Cape today still feeling quite cold temperatures reaching 13 in Edinburgh and 12 in London available now on b.b.c. Sounds Laura with it's time to put another guest from the world of music under the spotlight My guest is from Haiti and Travis music I think is the only art form where simplicity is actually a friend upon I don't know how to use it works what makes the hairs in your arms on the furniture that I would be able to break 100 records Boehner and Hillary in a on top of me never seen an ice palace Laura with all this now on b.b.c. Sounds. Good morning on it after.