Teen years after a $185.00 run win in the 4th Test at Old Trafford England were 13 overs away from achieving an extraordinary draw Captain Joe Root insists he is the right man to continue to lead the side motor racing legend Mario Andretti says the Charlotte Clare is a future Formula One world champion for sure the 21 year old Monegasques driver gave Ferrari their 1st home win in the Italian Grand Prix since 2010 he also won in Belgium last weekend and the manager of Chelsea women Emma Hayes says she wants to put pressure on the football authorities to put more W. S. L. Matches on at the stadiums the men's teams play in more than 24000 people saw her Chelsea side beat Tottenham on the league's opening weekend this is B.B.C. Radio 5 Live on digital B.B.C. Sounds smart Speaker how the weather much of the U.K. a Bit cloudy today with outbreaks of rain those heaviest in Scotland Wales and southwestern parts of England may start to ease by the end of the day at the turn sunnier in Northern Ireland later highs into the low to mid teens today 5 this area for each Monday to Thursday after the spot on 5 life join me for a late night discussion on all the big stories of the day for the people that have . Also be joined by comedians columnists and bloggers for their take of what's in the news and say in some online is the same as saying it in the street should be dealt with social media happens needs to take responsibility fascinating conversations quality wind down time there's a real pressure and Monday to Thursday on B.B.C. Radio 5 and through our Monday morning astronomy phone in here on up all night on 5 Live we've got Dr Joe Dunkley of Princeton University with us she's written the book our universe in astronomers guide if you've got any questions for her you've got to hurry hurry hurry on 85058 by text or give her a call. Speeches directly 188-590-9693 or you can email up all night at B.B.C. Dog code or you can if you like secure phone number in the mail and we'll call you back to get you on air because we're only talking astronomy for another 25 minutes Dr Duncan unfortunately wait ages and ages and ages for you to come back on the program and then Rafa Nadal decides to stretch out his US Open final match to 5 sets for here we go what can we survive now it's really great to have you back so I know it's a question Donald has picked up on something that you said a moment or 2 ago he says the lady in. Sat stiffly know me the lady says that we see the moon in the sky at night in Sky within easy we see the moon during the day too sometimes. Absolutely we see the main I see the main thing that day as well I mean that this is the thing that the neighing is you know overseeing around the US and so we can see it. In the sky during the daytime it's just not rather less obvious than at night right so at night we see we see illuminated by the sun it doesn't produce its own light it's just reflecting the sun's light and so it's just much more obvious at night because it's the thing that's you know strongly shining Shining at us but putting on it whether we see it during the day or not depends also where it is on its orbit around the ethics and of course for me sick where where we see in the sky and whether we see it how much of it we see depends on where it is around us. Angers I don't know if he is from skier otherwise says needs and determined that which is gravity but did he give it its name or did someone else come up with this catchy name of gravity I asked I don't know the answer to that actually I. Print at me thank you dear tumor and it's good question those Nyssa good question whether anyone had come up with that. Both Or it sounds like to me and I'm in something of a scholar of the English language or sounds like to me that that word or a word to that effect or similar to it sounds like comes from last in 1st of all and it sounds like it existed maybe in some other kind of tech terminology or people knew didn't they they knew that there was something whether you want to call that gravity or not I did it without him 1st I think the question should be which came 1st the name or the phenomenon Yeah I mean of course we know we would people have known for years and years that you know things Apple forced us. And I think falls to earth so I think you know you need to yes figured out figure out how it was working but yeah he wouldn't he didn't come up with the just the the recognition that this happens that things fall you know pull towards things and for so yeah I I I think he came up with the 1st scientific explanation of what was going on and you never far when you look through the telescope I mean. In from spiritual questions not least because all those tribes are known as celestial bodies Jordan as I mean even only says that the birth of my daughter this morning congratulations Yeah indeed the birth of my daughter this morning has led me to start thinking about the wider universe and what could be out there we all know that life on Earth probably won't always be possible so my question would be how likely is it that there is a habitable space for humans out there and also what signs of life in the universe has there been those are really good questions and you know with congratulations for the new new baby so here one of the things that's changed enormously in the last 20 years or so in the last few years is is our knowledge of what what planets are out there that that life could possibly have on now and that's that's very different to the idea of what planets are that humans could live on because that they're going to be so far away that most of them wouldn't be places that humans could ever get to but we have I think scientists have every lies now that you know a huge number of the stars up in the sky that we see at night have their own planets going around them this is something that we just didn't have any idea about you know a decade 20 years ago and just in the last years we've determined has done has a figured out that most of them have their own planets and that doesn't tell us straight away how many of them have planets that could be home to life but you know there are a 100000000000 stars just in our Milky Way galaxy alone and there are you know around a 100000000000 galaxies that we know of and I you know for us so the chance that there's actually are planets out there that could have could be habitable you know it could be pretty high but they are probably so far away. A That they're not places that we can just go and send humans to so I think the chances that they'll be somewhere that humans could go is pretty low but the chance that there could be somewhere with life I would say is pretty high and if humans could go that would we recognize it is similar to you know would it have the kind of. Atmosphere that we're accustomed to the kind of light from the sun because one of the threads to human life on Earth is you know millions of years from now when the sun eventually burns out out of that's yes I hear that I think we have no idea whether there's a planet out there that basically looks just like Earth in or has the same amount of some of the same conditions that has that's such a pretty pretty unlikely they're the kind of place that my host life could be really different I mean people we're finding astronomers are finding these kind of extraordinary planets that for example orbit some an orbit best sun and just days or even actually ours but you know we take our Earth goes around our sun in a year like $365.00 days so there are these other planets that a sitting around their star in a really much shorter time and. So in a. Day would be maybe only. Their day could barely like less than a few hours love or even shorter or much much longer than ours and it could be much hotter much colder so. Most of the planets that could possibly host life around different stars I likely to be you know very different to our own. The chance of actually finding something that you know was the same temperature as that have the same kind of life. That that would be I think unusual but you know what we actually can't make that call until we know a bit more about the planets and we're going to be finding out more with new telescopes about them. And I'm sure if you suddenly stumble on it as you're looking off a telescope a planet is replicates earth I'm sure you will like all the rest of us would if we stumbled upon it say by Jove I think I've got it by Jove and Joe being a Latin word does take milkmen of human kindness call Richard to text me and say I think the word comes from gravitas Datsun that makes sense yeah. Obviously gravitas would have meant something slightly different but nevertheless an important person or person of importance to people gravitate towards and I was right about the last and I'm impressed about the other even many Latin like Ben Jonson said of Shakespeare. You know them Shakespeare leave that to well. I wasn't comparing myself. Believe. For a change. This rigidly Magister what shape is the edge of the unified verse and what's beyond it that's a good question so my the simpler but I suppose the quick answer is it doesn't have a shape and there's nothing let me go into that alone boss that we do we think there isn't an edge to the 8 of us. And that could happen in a couple of different ways so it's possible that the universe just stretches out. Indefinitely far infinitely far such that you know any direction you had off in space in your station you know you would just simply never come to be etched never come no there isn't an edge there never come to an end right just keep going keep going keep going there's more more space. Or it's it's kind of possible that space is all wrapped up on itself so the you know you set off into space in one direction and many years in the future you would return to where you started a little bit like you know a boat you know Jenning around the world to come up to where you started and then and there. In the beginning OK So so we. We don't think there are actually edges to space so you either either you go out into space and you and that kind back where you started or you just keep going forever but there isn't and then. we're thank and twere get more information oh gravity couldn't so one of our listeners according to the early d. The 1st use of gravity in the sense of physical weight was in 1622 hope that in light since she's somewhat gets i'm sure i'm sure well me the last references to a definition of gravity that will get denied anyway keep them coming on aid 5058 or email up or night a b.b.c. Dot co dot u.k. Annie says oh actually a bet read the whole think morning door soon and love least star lady of that i'm a sure david bowie sang about you really did me in that song stuck earlier anyway tool can i just love that's why to be even think of error there you go you can use it i'm sure i knew will be happy vitis it took you about if a planet was found for humans what would happen to our bodies' are i watched a documentary an it briefly mentioned asked rules came back to earth and muscles were weak or wasted but was it was sore said in the kind of a hush hush mode that it want to fully advertise out by magine their muscles are to been weaker way see just because they were very much in active or is always their mood to the none there's more to it i chased so well this a chit it cover different things here so so want to guess i should maybe 8 mate may read it clear that they stays possible planets that we might find that could host life we really think that you far away for humans to ever get to you so the any places that we as humans could realistically of a get to a are the planets and our solar system at none of them are look great owed none of them a way possible for us to easley left on a mean people of us he talk about going to nars that it's definitely not the case this ike a lovely pam it may buy that for us the get 6 there we should definitely look after i'm but let's just gate think about the impact on asked knots bodies so lot of that is gravatt as again rabbits ache about to gravity so When astronauts are in space and men they don't have the same pole of gravity that they do here on Earth. And the impact on the bones is that it impacts the bones because because your body and the whole body because the pull of gravity on the body is changed as if we were to fix ample go to Mars Mars is a smaller planet than ours. And and the pull of gravity a bit at a less and this is even more extreme on the main the main is much smaller than asses the polar gravity is less and so if I want to spend a lot of time on the moon than just that different environment would have a strong impact on our nationalist parties and you know right now we have a best arsenals and that's in a space station where they're in kind of freefall around the earth and so they also have this much we care gravity on them. Or they feel less they feel less of that pull OK so so yeah so so it's it's important it's a really big deal so you can't just just put a human in different conditions and expect their bodies to just do sign so it's important I could foresee the next question for Mrs Harris I do have to ask your company personal questions which are pertinent to the questions do you have changed at Princeton University I did yes and that's safe you know there's no way to tell your way for me is. No I don't really know if I got really bad I know it's not about prison university this other question is have you got your green cards obviously you have that and there's no way the president could describe use an alien and get you judging from the countries. But you never know but I have my reason that OK OK I'll try the question so feel free to answer whatever way you can ensure your continued residence in the United States this is terrorism and this is a question about space ethics you must understand what's coming is there not a law against the appropriation of space by single nation how can the USA militarize it and put weapons over our heads it's not defense unless they secretly know that agents from outer space are about to attack Earth Yes that's it's a tricky question you know I think. You know. The thing about space exploration any exploration is that you know ideally we do it all as nations in in friendly communication and collaboration right that's the goal I think you know science as a scientist our goal is to collaborate internationally. But nonetheless there are different things that drive different nations to seek seek you know. Strategic leadership. And I miss this will happen this drug this just drive this this is driven the space race this is driven many things so I think. It would be sort of maybe naive to think that we can do all of science and exploration without thinking about nations trying to have leadership I think that they pay well so maybe that's us but I would like to still be you know what you know spirit of all collaborating and I do see it actually in thinking about. Space exploration as it is it is increasingly international a collaborative but nonetheless there is the still military that that is the reality whether we like and what of the ethical rules or perhaps even international laws about space exploration does America technically. The moon because of the 1st ones to put a flag on it in the same way that they appropriated the United States from the Native Americans it is as to the cause well I don't think so in the same way that they don't you know people don't own a place when they appropriated. No I do you know I must you know you know my expertise is on the far reaches of the universe and I don't actually know what. The laws are about. Ownership or not but they but no the Americans are not in America OK now I'm just now because there will have to be laws pretty soon there will have to be some laws regulating not lease behavior in space or thought Sure no I think there are I just I'm just not so familiar with all but in some of them. This one is referenced to what you were saying a moment ago concerning an edge to the universe Jim in Mary Land of your side says is there still controversy concerning whether or not the universe will always expand we venture we collapse back into its own. Good question so. We used to be like 20 years ago there was this possibility that the universe would stop growing so I say space is based in Tikrit that it would stop and it would all collapse and it would reverse and be a big crunch billions of years in the future we yet we don't think that's going to happen anymore that's that by looking at how galaxies appear to be amazing away from our own Milky Way galaxy their pits been moving away from us so far that actually space seems to be now growing faster and faster which is weird we don't understand it yet but kind of invoke we create this thing called dark energy to explain it. But to start you know a big piece of ignorance one of the things that it does seem to point to is that we won't we won't stop expanding that it seems very unlikely that we would shrink back down and collapse. But I will still say that you know there are big pieces that understand so it's possible but it's much now much much less likely than it was 20 years ago or. Is it Kerry I think in Cardiff I hope so and apologize for announcer on the who ask can the Dr explain the recent suggestion of nuclear detonation at the poles of Mars to create a Liverpool livable atmosphere. I can expand very well no I mean one of the I will say that you know that one of the main challenges if you want to go to Mars and stay. A good amount of time on Mars is the need to have air to breathe and you know the reason we can live on earth is the Kurds we have this beautiful atmosphere surrounding us and most other planets and you know Mars doesn't have that so it is something that what has to consider as if we want to put people on Mars had we make an effort to breed those details of how you must consider it I'm not so familiar with. And in mother was is when I mean Cuba I see a half moon appears to be. The boss of my offer of the moon is the half bit but in the U.K. It's a side view of the moon this is a half moon. How do you explain that well so the way we see the moon does depend on where we are on Earth because so the moon is going is orbiting around us so every month or so the moon travels around the earth and so we look up in the sky and we see the part of it that slit up by the sun so you know if if the moon is for example on the other side of the earth from the sun that's when we see a sole moon because it's completely eliminated by the sun but if the if the main it's like you know between the Earth and the sun then we then we we don't see it at all because the Bright Side Of The Moon is facing away from us we can actually see the bright side of the moon so that you know then. Because if the way we see the made in the sky then will then depend on which where we are standing on the earth because. Because we are observing this object moving around us but if you move around the Earth itself you see it from different directions so that you know the position does does affect how you how you see the ME which is your favorite direction if you have a. Question Was it not a good question that's a good question. You know the brain looks pretty beautiful for a body or anywhere you look but I do I do love. It I find it kind of amazing as well that there's a side of the moon that we never see. You know but years if we were to be living on earth you know billions of years ago when it was really young the moon would have been spinning around and around so it would have been like we would have kept seeing like different sides different faces of the May Day by day as it spun around itself. But then it slowed down and it stops spinning compared to us so we this is dark side this is for side that we never