. the prospect of another battlefield set back for presto, got a met, putin as fuel to fear as the kremlin could use a nuclear weapon. hurry force, it reports from keith, ukraine's long counter offensive for her son grinds on. but despite russia's recent order to evacuate civilians and reports of some military drawback, the message from ukraine is at the russians a digging in for a fight for nipple robles. the little girl who are changing positions are intelligence confirmed that they have been reinforced by very many recruit the level that they are strengthening, their flanks. you may take up trenches me as they fear our air force to leave your art law. artillery and soldiers lose, a thing of no copays destroyed russian army tells the tale of ukrainian gains. the russian general in charge of this war recently talked of difficult decisions having to be made around her son. attracting speculation that ukraine might soon retake it in time for winter. but ukraine is now talking about russian reinforcements and obstacles to progress. doors in the some of the situation on the front line itself is very tense. the enemy has dug itself in, and at the moment it seems they do not intend to leave. it is noticeable that they worked, reinforced their dug out. trenches and fortifications went away from ukraine. russia's armed forces were carrying out exercises on wednesday, simulating would native use of nuclear weapons launched from land sea and air, or the russian military says it's in preparation for a response to an enemy attack. russia's president, making more unsubstantiated claims about a nuclear threat from ukraine, including a radiological or dirty bomb, is that you hold on the ignore the statements of the key regime about the desire to get nuclear weapons. after all, the key authority said that openly, no, every one is keeping quiet. there are also plans to use a so called a dirty bomb for provocations. russia state media is amplifying such claims still further saying that ukraine intends to put a dirty bomb inside, a fake russian missile, and designated overture noble. at every turn, such accusations have been dismissed by ukraine and its allies as absurd, dangerous, transparently false, either escalade re, russian grand, st. ending or the indication that russia itself intends to use such a device. but conventional weapons continue to do damage enough here and to me pro a petrol station set ablaze by a russian strike emergency cruise said 2 people, including a pregnant woman, were killed. harry faucet, al jazeera keith confrontations have taken place between iran and security forces and demonstrators in hometown of mazda, meaning thousands of protested, marched the cemetery, where she was buried to market. 40 days since her death in police custody. these 15 people have been killed in an attack on a sheer shrine in iran's southern city of shiraz. i so has claimed responsibility is when a surgeon case is in the us of a common were spiritual illness that can cause breathing difficulties. the virus known as r s v usually causes mal symptoms in children. under the age of 5. an emergency meeting over the crisis in men lies underway in indonesia. foreign ministers from that are see in the block are expected to reassess their strategy and dealing with me and mars military. some member states us according for tougher action against the gender, ought workers in chile are on strike for 48 hours to demand better working conditions or than 6500 people are taking part in the strike effecting most of the countries 23 ports workers have threatened to continue indefinitely if their demands aren't met. south korean electronics company, samsung says it's 3rd quarter operating profits are down. more than 30 percent, the world's largest memory chip and smartphone maker earned around $7700000000.00 between july and september, samsung games a drop in demand for electronic devices on the global economic downturn. the price of shares in facebook's parent company has dropped by 19 percent to wiping all than $65000000000.00 of the company's value. if names stagnating it there, they use a numbers and cuts in advertising budgets. those are the headlines. news continues harold al jazeera that softer blood and tears to stay with us. ah ah, it took over 400 years for the french to build and maintain their vast empire. but the home structure came tumbling down in the space of a quarter of a century. france swam against the tide of history and tried to keep hold of its colonies by whatever means possible. but by the mid 20th century, that position was no longer sustainable. this is the story of the collapse of one of the biggest thin pies the world has ever seen of the blood. and tears shed then and now and of the lasting impacted sweets and it's violent and still have on the world today. ah, on the 6th of may 1931. the national colonial exhibition opened in paris. it was a huge celebration of the french empire, which had never before seen so vast, so prosperous and so powerful blue, a city within a city had been built in the white van sand on the eastern edge of paris, including a complete replica of the uncalled work temple in cambodia, the largest religious monument in the wild visitors could tour the whole world in a single day. and the show was a huge success with 33000000 tickets sold in 6 months. the overriding narrative was obey civilizing european nation, bringing invention and progress wherever it 2030 i'm whoa whoa. whoa. france considered itself the center of the world? it's greatness and strength at the heart of the 40 or more territories under its control. the message was clear. on our popped off is that the quantity the domain often with on for you it did when you know that are all over the home for the french of the time this was all completely norma lagoon that you are you sick on the severe new mornings or more ago, i don't see an idea you say certainly that they're not on the part of us. they were difficult and got when she was getting used. remember, we will be all gone. but by the 19th thirty's, the tide of history was beginning to turn from the car to ponti sherry. and from tonkin to algiers, rebellion was in the air. a new generation of leaders was finding its voice. alas, al fussy in morocco, happy boggy bar into neesha and miss sally hygiene algeria with questioning the colonial order and in africa and the caribbean. leo posted off and gone in, senegal and emissary. martinique denounced the colonial regime and in indo china, a young communist called ho, she mean was emerging as the leader of national liberation movement. people in the colonies simply wanted their dignity. across the empire, the colonizers were firmly in charge of injustice and inequality had few means of redress. regimes were authoritarian, and among the millions, living under colonial rule, only a few elected officials had the right to vote. and the wide spread use are forced labor under pins. the whole system the powerful symbol of this exploitation of labor was the construction of the congo ocean railway opened in 1934. i tuned on her colonial also. that would be enough, sought aunt minnie wanted to deposit. herb. yeah, let me know how you know that sound. you're all good. do you like to motivate? let me say no cell mom on up all going i'm, he's not going to have the quote on may. so see, you know, i mean you're us, you saw the population was adhesion. luckily good. what are young? but progress was built on the blood and sweat of local people and the new railway cost. 20000 african lies from exhaustion or disease to skip you. so fair grammar, gladish all jasa m all her go month on the machine, a parser sound good or no guy he go 384, do made it a super yea we're good about yea, good day to go tomorrow. we're going to woo the. this will be you see, so the idea is up to have your book. so then not be a color yellow of the past in that way he saw the subjects of the empire calculated their own value in kind little bell contests. it clear that a shell is to be on bonded tail. no eagle can afford guns. we saw on the day it defaulted to his will be earlier than jenn david's about as yet upon the tallapoosa lippy boy lay bill pondered there as it were, a vandal to look on. all is on the tele, be me. he lip, the handle on what you politically look on, which it will equal from that you won't mind. i'm gonna click with barbara keith was his wiley, they're gone pleasure of at that late demarcus guess mourner early could all show hostile see little as to why her community do don't actually have i keep is when she is indignant kilometer, depending under has why. the marquee of it early, is i'm going to pull up our as either macro as well. hm. produce in work to shake or yeah. he seemed much like al dude said he this kind of injustice was behind the new demands of colonial workers. but their voices were soon drowned out by the sound of more. ah, on the 1st of september, 1939. the world exploded. from my york city book to algiers to saigon. the soldiers of the empire were called on to mobilize for friday. only lucille decided he then did one time colony can not free allow viola, but 3 men se saw new york all fe anemia. then why? by feeble thought this. he gave us the letter a ball. he's got the all black. do you mean he's on a 10 months later, on the 14th of june 1940, the german army marched into paris. the ranks of colonial troops were shocked. france had been defeated. the white colonizer was not invincible. ah, marsha peyton's government in vichy collaborated with nazi germany, while shanks, the goal, made his famous call of the 18th of june to fight on. but he stood alone to resist and to liberate france. he had only one option to rally the empire to his cause. starting with africa. in august 1940 felix, a boy, the 1st black governor of chad joined to going soon, cameroon, the congo gabon and others joined him. with this level of support, the goal could now prepare for the liberation of occupied france, support for the general and marshal the tire respectively, split the empire into oh, so they might i shun lumala today little so the bit the said um i will goes on to the new luggage in new york blended to look live as is it allow you live harlow, one or 2 dog? for samar, the new titles was filled up. well, if you're shar day, you know the glove exhaust, they saw mr. dog me nerves are galvan shocked. as follicle over the course of several months and battles, whole areas of the empire joined, the goal is coun, brittany han had to make promises, like offering independence to syria and lebanon in return for their support. the gummies of morocco, the spa, he's of algeria. senegalese. why, for men and soldiers from syria and lebanon, joined the forces of the free french awe from the heels of monte casino to the force of the vote. the soldiers being pi a flew to the rescue of occupied so called savages to be civilized, had become liberated. they didn't have the right to vote, but they had the right to die for fun. but in 1944, as the defeat of germany's 3rd reich began to look likely, nationalist demands once again shook the french colonial order. as the gold criss crossed the empire, he heard their call reforms were needed to galvanize the troops and con there spirits. so on the 30th of january, 1944, he opened the brass a vo conference in congo, promising to rebuild the empire on new, different foundations. while you all got on there, i d like dog. e v, you look down, i gotta, i know, ordered up by the, uh huh. no, no, my mom, all my dad. oh, wow. good. wow. that a haul to a room full of colonial officials. the goal expressed a willingness to change what independence was not. on his agenda. francis greatness depended on it. empire disappointment spread across the colonies. 7 months later, in june 1944 allied forces landed in normandy and then in august in the south of france. the war was not over yet, but the reality for the colonies was harsh and would lead to yet more bloodshed. victory in europe was on the horizon. so the french army had to be whitewashed, so that in the eyes of the world, it would look as though it was the people of france who were liberating themselves . so the government decided to demobilize several regiments of senegalese rifle, men and other african troops to speed up their return to africa. they were promised that they'd be paid as soon as they arrived in the car. the rifleman duly said, se macbeth said glen antoine joy, be a great deal. wholly noni. tell your cynically it back a deca. he saw oils and conklin up rapidly pool he yard clem. you'd persona don't about mac, a content? rapper said new book fair be you love, the more you, mo, get the and do a are foss. this is. did that, this is olu. come on under condo. dario ladonna underwood shall above his arm. i tell him that the colonial authorities claim that their demand for pay amounted to a mutiny and ordered french troops to fire on the west african soldiers. the otisha diesel took keys you do monday. lo a do send to me by little wendy. got all my passion to select them. i want i particularly no. susan, uncle, not another scuse she, she notions. good bye, she think or betsy, could she could sweet here? see patty d desantis, your visa, achy store. back on this in yacoma dod demeanor visits. where does all beyond me? elk, on that no contract the son did his aunt and does on his arm or barely take on any of these on the prism. what started as an act of repression became a massacre. the french claim that $35.00 died, but war veterans and former prisoners of war say $300.00 african soldiers were killed. on the 30th of november, 1944 white troops had fired on their black brothers in arms. there are no contemporary records, only word of mouth accounts. french propaganda chose instead to film the joyful return to his village of a wife or man. probably unaware of the tragedy in charlie. and i just saw your mother a dad. did you got those and they're going to go with only bit missiles really badly. minimal good. do do get to eat and i do run wilson and i only been done with the refrain on a man. no more than a more to be done on the winds. on the leg, ice valley, many business your how does your name with the tahoe a massacre was kept a secret in france for nearly 50 years. yeah. ok. no memoir aside a dilemma. see, tell empty bedroom in wild is even more wazoo. oh she better said pulse. miss jona is in fact and manner. you messa kendra. i see from bow quin usual g o c. com says everybody's sick is sick. i must say. gov could could army, could army fall says a c e commerce was august hospice crew. so poor faith could sit down. do all he barely. joel finish was best crew over home on me. you're a past crew on then you do lose, you put it in nobly. diana, oops, up this coffee, bessie palka piss true. wonder who am one local to stay short and too little? ah, the 8th of may 1945, a victory in europe. nazi germany surrendered and the rest of europe rejoice. france and its empire celebrated the end of 5 years of fierce fighting and the step by step we conquest of home territory. it was epic in tunis, brazza via the car and algiers. people also took to the streets in celebration, but perhaps deep down. they sense that this was the time to ask for their do. they'd shed their blood. now, it was payback time. ah . in algeria, the french colonial authorities allowed public demonstrations on condition that no one fly the algerian flag but in the city of city, the parade would turn into a battle field. one that lives on in memory to day. sure no lead nor did she damage good. animal door near do additionally no dark wood tooth on that to i n g or no, no, i stay thank you. own it did not love new point. she buried to sit deep. not unusual. i just got on was id disgust won't because she blew up there. she'll good for kate d loss is also presley saving up all history she see can go and do these up. i breeze allied full, duffy v r or math show room. she already, she les, a beauty she day, you wanted to garcia to return in which rick, in the melee, a french policeman had shot and killed a young man waving an algerian flag full of anger. the demonstrators attack settlers and killed them in the streets. soon they were over a 100 dead. this photograph of a victim with his hands cut off was widely distributed and spread panic among the colonial french. hatred had now been sown in algerian hans victory in europe was immediately forgotten. the colonial settlers organized themselves into local malicious, and the french army went into action. in the areas around cities, gilmer and character villages were raised to the grounds. the army didn't stop to question suspects. they let the cameras get the footage and the executions began. polar masika and the city flew members like out. thank you and try me the, the shingle humbles, latonya lowes, her donna beth asked you to it. kate dasia, dupont. i think she said it was awful. if you saw a cowboys, oh, fonder ghosts, decap usher performed older. crippled, twinkled with boy. so whichever public would more yonder facilities on board. and phil is the doctor when i see him. so the boss. oh do turn batty level financial a clue quasi dirty, muted dude and we'll, we'll cclc which was coming up our marketing. so 2 fast ball g q la lenore offered the best enjoy to trade in a man. yeah, joins, i did tricks. i did one on preliminary believe whole sequels to the listener. fears, spread through the our population. to show that order had been restored, the army reenacted scenes of surrender. unloaded rifles were given to villages gathered, especially for the occasion. the official french figures were around $1500.00 dead. but according to some algerian sources, it was between 20 and 45000. the colonial authorities covered it up. a few days later, algerian soldiers who had fought for france, began returning to their homeland. i'm glad you were on your fe. did you? did you notice the all yes, yes. there was a knock on the back. if i go a little while would only be a little longer. so with that i go all to reveal dollars on the cannot together much a tooth. la miss oil showed year off. i me or does she mere daughter her? let me call her she his lawyer her please of our her. but she feel like you gosh on the left, off. the settings of she is then nearly death on figure bazzi beller. bella, because you know, by example, or do grandma, you know n and clear blue. find it i sent him under ties on it, and descript giblin your loved or la or no not to hunt on you bali the mill top of o bell magic her could poor is it in whatever declaw chauffeured lay other surely on the french side, few understood the gravity of what had just happens, the french general, hey, mon duval, told the colonial government that he could establish peace for 10 years. but the colonizers must reconcile the 2 communities. but he, france did nothing. he said the consequences could be disastrous. not even deval realized how true his words would turn out to be jumping to the stream when no topic is off the table. i don't think that anybody should be borne to privilege to the president of the day. we are the subjects of the royal family, plus one person's opinion, but what shirt, amplify your voice. the judicial system in mexico is incredibly weak and it is not just corruption. we're a global audience, becomes a global community. the scariest part of this moment in my country is this toys for a more weapons, the stream. oh, now j 0. every 3 days, a woman is killed in the murder of women and unprecedented levels of domestic violence have shopped easily to the call. the violence is more violent, violence, men are younger. why does it keep happening? and what can be done to stop it? this is not the prize i want my daughter and all the daughters prepaid. that's not the country i want. witness. famous city for me is very simple. if the question of power on ouch is era. ah, i'm carry dawson's. oh, how the taught stories heroine al jazeera ukraine, says wet weather and difficult terrain is making a counter offensive in the southern her san region. we're changing presence. lensky says the fist fighting is taking place in the eastern. don't yet screeching said lives in about a devi should give us mean. there had been no significant changes on the front line . the most severe fighting is taking place in don't ask region. buckman directions out of difficult. it is the place where the insanity of the russian command becomes more evident, day after day over the months. they are driving people to death. they're concentrating, the highest level of artillery strikes, all of our soldiers who are defending their positions in these areas. internet screven, our heroes, after him. confrontations have taken place between iranian security forces and demonstrate is in the home town of masa. many thousands of protests as marched to the cemetery where she was buried to mark 40 days since her death in for these custody. at least 15 people have been killed in an attack on a sheer shrine in iran at southern city of shiraz. i saw has claimed responsibility is been a search in cases in the us of a common or spiritual illness that can cause breathing difficulties. the virus known as rsv usually cause his mouth symptoms like fever, cough and runny noses in children under the age of 5. an emergency meeting over the crisis in at me and mar, is underway in indonesia, foreign ministers from the r c and the block are expected to reassess their strategy in dealing with me and mas military. some member states us, according for tougher action against agenda. what workers in chile are on strike for 48 hours to demand better working conditions, or than 6500 people are taking part in the strike affecting that most of the countries 23 ports, south korean electronics company, samsung says it's 3rd quarter operating profits are down more than 30 percent. the world's largest memory chip and smartphone maker earned around $7700000000.00 between july and september. samsung blames a drop in demand for electronic devices on the global economic downturn. and the price of shares in facebook's parent company is dropped by 19 percent, wiping more than $65000000000.00 of the company's value. better reported we can expected profits on wednesday. if them stagnating day that use numbers and cuts and advertising budgets. as other headlines, news continues herron al jazeera, that's after blood, and tears ah, in may 1945, a victory by the allies over nasty germany in the 2nd world war was a cause of wild celebration across the rest of europe. the liberation of france from german occupation tasted especially sweet for the french who shared it across the vast empire. but it also left a bitter taste in countries expecting the dawn of a new era of independence. men from the colonies had fought hard for the golds free french on the promise of a better future. but west africans had been gone down by french machine gun fire in synagogue. nationalists unrest in algeria had been brutally put down in a new reign of terror. and syria and lebanon had been set ablaze. the goals promise of independence to them had only been half kept. even though france recognized as sovereignty is still hoped to maintain control that the french air forces answered to revolt, was to bomb, damascus. and the air strikes with devastating thousands were killed and many more wounded in attacks that were especially pointless. france was about to withdraw completely from the middle east, under pressure from the british, who aimed to dominate the reaching by 1946, lebanon, and syria had both gained full independence. the foundation stones of the empire were beginning to crumble. but france had no choice because 10000 kilometers away. another front was opening up. in indo china after world war 2, the nationalist movements re merge in what was considered the jewel of the empire. vietnam led by the 55 year old. oh, she mean, the communist leader proclaimed his country's independence. on the 2nd of september, 1945 with his declaration resides people's homes. so this is the last they say is on goza le hood g being ged good may not a fully bit a, the be equal sassy, less glove last usa own it. and boom, give yoga. cambodia and laos immediately joined the power struggle with the french . in response, the government dispatched the experienced shanella laclare to the region along with 35000 men to deal with the nationalists from the north of yet, ma'am, known as yet. ah, regulated if he could be got. what was that it is that your megan ala? oh, well it is with me as on the bears. at dawn glover, the notebook is any more definitive. we lose the vanity. nobody please. as soon as i get this, all that do feel camacho, do you know yale in, if we are of oral mean, of course all underneath it under military pressure. oh, she mean agreed to negotiate? the goal had left power a few months before. so new prime minister shocked be door welcomed the vietnamese leader to paris. but during hoshi mean stay in indo china, the french governor general proclaim south vietnam an independent state affiliated to france. how she mean, signed a franco vietnamese agreement, but considered he'd been betrayed, whole returned to vietnam, but the official south vietnam ceremonies could not disguise a double dealing by the french. beneath his smiling demeanour, he knew that war was inevitable. on the 23rd of november 1946, the french made you shout a ne, in vietnamese sport of high home, causing several 1000 casualties. for survivors, the memory is still vivid. natoya, i found where he thought, detail daddy, john ruby's ella holloway won't. boy, today regarding all talk eating poor long time ago, i found it. we're toiler ah, our numbers up so often go out laughing boyfriend, the louisa love tongue way more logical are for we numer payroll. i will really through la luke i, but got cut very full of cock come off of lead to hawk. a few weeks later, the north vietnamese nationalists. army retaliated the 1st indo china war had begun . it would last 7 and a half long years. frances political class stubbornly refused to recognize the spread of mass liberation movements. this willful blindness continued another 20 years back home. people had other things on their mind than indo china. in 1946, france still bore the wounds of the 2nd world war cities remained badly scarred and there was still rationing. the french were much more preoccupied with supplies and reconstruction than the future of the colonies. but they would be apprised to be paid for preserving the empire in the shape of reform and bloodshed. the government of a force republic had already started to change, even by 1946. there were already around 30 members of parliament representing the colonies on the benches of the penny before they had never been so many. in march 1946, amy suzanne, and b for martinique, initiated a change to french law to make what loop martinique diana and re union island french overseas department, meaning areas of governments in san nafrica. several and bees also pushed for reforms, the ivory coast and p for leaks. so for one ye voted to abolished force labor. while thanks to the senegalese and b, lemon gate, the status of citizen was granted to everyone in the colonized territories. a new era was dawning. the false republic finally promised equality for all its subjects. for many, not before time. in october 1946, the term on p was replaced by a union forces. the idea was that they would no longer be french colonies, but that france, he overseas department and territories would combine to create one france, regardless of race or religion. officially, at least that got a bond. claire. they all pianos. yeah. they can go to memory blown joy, w a members was everything. god just, i've shown the opposite relative. if you play me off album, invaluable. awesome. i've e, we for our meal fever, hold on at your steel. so i'm a pleasing it was a nice image. by beneath the surface, the same inequalities remained and france and the colonial authorities still called all the shots. that uniform failure left you to imagine why mad said to zoom dam farm. i made a deal, they, they got the la men, neither shoe said p african. we'll send in your best fit in, you know, all that and guess euro and photos you ok, that would have been a lot. it shouldn't, i would it was you back of the party down set you know, up and began the day a. but on a battle lament what a dishes you don't that you know what weapon me for sure. move centered up with was airport double pointed france had not abandoned its imperial strategy, quite the opposite. to appease the people and win over hearts and minds. it invested in large infrastructure projects. i think he denied that went me leg, did amendment deal innovative san antonio afternoon. got your images have undergone, i want you to one this construction was not our tourism, but self interest. the investment was mainly in infrastructure that enables raw materials to be transported to mainland france. colonial wealth was pouring back into france. in return news schools were opening, but only around 8 percent of the children in the colonies attended them. and the curriculum was not tailored to their needs was really kind of a pre math purity seizure. not publish a member. yeah. so been me. i know maria was up in the art of gwinnett bootleg flu de la, full learned debbie longo. they're navigate, believe it or my mom took are from coleman, the colored quite a bit, madrid by them for a fit. i let me as you like on savannah through continental cough. so he would call on apple to show level to conduct down to so mod pd. forensic people can don't and overly ellen. gov and you'll news have i will go to shelter more on plan. it would show bridge of football. you'll know by providing little shows on direct that he was classic, i would call a general no on up on it, it would call to vail, new york city court desk, the senate bubble cache ogletree. and while the school children of the empire were learning about volcanoes, the meal value, one of the worst instances of colonial repression of the postwar iraq was taking place off the east coast of africa. one that didn't appear in the history books. for decades, madagascar had been colonized by the french half a century before, but by 947 people had had enough of the colonial regime. the democratic movement for malagasy rejuvenation was founded by 2 m p. 's, joseph russet on the left, and joseph rabble hunch. and it now demanded more freedom. but without success. russia that brought to mascara. warren alone authority shore. armika was our colo. different one, it's much government roadrunner. they flew theory through t for all 3. who put soccer to you from newton? we're looking at thunder. not from going out. on the 29th into the 30th of march, 1947 nationalists, unrest broke out. armed with spears nice and offices, the insurgents attacked the houses of french settlers and colonial officials. the number of attacks increased in the town of more among the rebels attacked the french army camp they murdered more than a 1000 settlers and local malagasy, accused of collaborating with the french moroccan and comorin reservists and senegalese rifle. men were shipped in with a mission to impose peace at all costs. a clear signal must be sent out. as in cities, terror must reign what started as a local rebellion turned into a full scale war. soldiers appeared in more a manga and set it on fire. dozens of prisoners were dragged into the forest and fearing for their lives, local people left their homes and hint. you must believe unless a government in it's made on the one. for get a more prepared to rush him in. didn't on that get hum vocals, mater one with don. do for love one, your non supervisor to true for for ha forms modal google chrome sh lawn. you're not journal military aggression turned into judicial repression. 3 madagascar, members of parliament were arrested and were denied the immunity of elected representatives. there was sentence either to death or life imprisonment with hard labor. although their sentences were later commuted to life imprisonment. after months of violence, cameras were allowed into the villages. the message was clear. don't mess with the french. will the fury for nora la la is young brain. then i finally lose sight of jeff. then london will day. it's like a fil. is a good it took off young is a little song on thing, but i guess girl a don't eat if you don't you let me miss you in the clipping. i'd be for this. like if you're going with human with michelle, get us all the, let me bring a did with wells with little folders like to get well, it up on all blood community that in your whole day, your view, it was really good on it. it was a victory for strength and terror. the uprising was responsible for the loss of around $40000.00 local lives. the massacre is inscribed in the collective malagasy memory. the 29th of march is an annual public commemoration day in madagascar, but not in france. ah, 3 weeks later, france welcome the whole world to paris for a session of the united nations. ironically, at the penny to show you the 50 you and member states voted to adopt the universal declaration of human rights. methods all were present level 30 of shelf. yes, the the browser adopt the upcoming lay big lovick. last your did was look portion of your own, your author, your last greenish badge go math all day or the fall take you there. the little leaf also barbershop, the good faith, vinny, bet vent. ah, in the 5 years since the 2nd world war by 950 friends had succeeded in keeping a tight great over its empire. north africa and madagascar had fallen into line that kept the lid on the caribbean. only indo china had caught fire. so the french still fall, they had everything under control but the tide of global history had turned in the cold war. washington and moscow now wanted independence for countries of the old empires to weaken them and build their own. it was already happening as the british gave up, india, ceylon, and burma, and the dutch withdrew from indonesia. but while other empires were collapsing, france went against the grain and would not let go. meanwhile, in sub saharan africa, several political parties in different countries combined in the early 19 fifties to form b, r d, a upon african movement with communist affiliations in france. one of its leaders was the ivory coast and b phillips, so fed winey, who openly wanted to end the colonial period. france could not possibly accept this, particularly at this time of the cold war. paris decided to try and break these rebels who were a little too close to moscow, floyd slightly in ivory coast. the french army action was brutal. on the 27th was january 1915 village school, fed, whiny narrowly escaped imprisonment. the next day sen, victoria bianca boda, was found decapitated in the woods. thousands of their supporters were arrested, and hundreds of villages destroyed. a cloak of secrecy was spread over this abuse. silence on the side of the executioners, and among the victims. no writ of warfare, sick estrada my alike. wanted all my from your stories to our defeated on the panels that i could see for home, said as soon as possible matters ought to come to bliss. surely allah, bowden, her door. lucy sibley's, shola lash, crossing them, or additional smoke or ball lawn cra, children. she's was for to some zone. and is some of you to verbally do fish? was epis christine, this was the only record of these events is the theme as makes icons, africa, 50 shops, secretly by young, 21 year old filmmaker and communist party member or naval t a . a, a, a. a fleet sank on was the 1st french anti colonial fill. it was banned for nearly 40 years. 40 was arrested and jailed. but he managed to distribute aversion of the film secretly, which shocked left wing at in paris. the communist party demanded the release of the ivory coast prisoners to avoid a new front opening up in africa, the french government shifted its strategy and offered who fed when ye adeel the charges against him and his body would be dropped if he cut his links with the french communist party, if not the ivory coast, would go the same way as madagascar who fed when ye accepted and fell into line even became a government minister and ivory coast enjoyed a privilege relationship with the mother. mat. france had achieved its short term goals in africa, but after madagascar and ivory coast the caribbean felt the most attention. the 3 years since becoming french department had seen very little change. the large family is descended from the 1st european settlers. the bouquets remained firmly in charge. the black population was underpaid and was kept on the edge of society in extreme poverty. even you just give us a clue us why did but to look that is assume that the length of it pee, me in that to look. bah, the capacity this a phil on this go. so do you want me to go back up? barbara duff were 11. you meant to fossil e. g machine supplement? lou, her dollars dollies play the ball. give we're not so for the book. well, we'll keep pro good. it was it was one the little the can social conflict was deepening. people were beginning to realize that being at the back to more of one france was only a smoke screen to keep their islands within the republic. in 1950 the m. p for martinique, a. mrs. air wrote a long se called discourse on colonialism. the colonialists may kill in india, china. he wrote torture in madagascar in prison, in black africa, and cried down in the west indies. but the colonized now know that they have an advantage over the colonizers. they know that their temporary masters are lying, therefore, that their masters all week in the next episode. frances grape on his, in high a week. much, much more in algeria. but 1st, in asia it's hold on indo china was on the brand. after world war 2, frances great empire began to unravel and vietnam do more. so everybody was throwing themselves into the streams, bursting with joy, kissing each other. and algeria, she lives until she knew. if the endo chinese that managed to beat the french army, why not that? the decline continues and episode 2 of blood and tears, french di colonization on al jazeera. ah, hello the weather set, fair love, the sunshine across the raven peninsula is looking good over the next few days. so some pleasant warmth coming for you can notice a little more in the way of cloud up towards northern parts. so saudi arabia just around sinai peninsula is a clutch of showers, brought some very heavy rain into a kyra more on that or later though we got some showers there just around the northern parts of iran pushing out of care. we got some wet weather between the black sea and the caspian sea, and quite a clutch of showers, sinking a little further east, which as we go on through friday. so to round kasey, some showers at that state raymond peninsula, they fy dry and pleasantly warm. as i said, we had some lively showers, some foundry down paws into. we're cairo recently, some big storms rumbling away and it did cause some flooding and fair, but a disruption in around the cairo area and place to say things now in the process of quietness down. so brightest guys come back in 28 celsius. he is lottie drive across much of north africa, the little more cloud there from time to time, but increasingly of the fair weather variety, showers continue across central parts of africa. slipping a little further southward, some wet weather once again into angola and more heavy showers. the south africa ah november on it just as the full cooling world's greatest tournament kicks off, all eyes turned to catch her as they prepare the spectacle. like no other old ways for new days. first nations frontline discovers how traditional knowledge is helping solve modern problems. israel holds its faith general election in less than 4 years. will this round draw a line to its political crisis? generation football meets the inspiring players, tackling social political issues on and off the pitch. americans vote in defining mid term elections. the results could see biden and the democrats lose that congress majority november on a j 0 frank assessments. if the united states should know that you're running a good program, why is there to build a nuclear weapon? they would assign to you by informed opinions, i believe that armenia and other virginia should have bilateral negotiations. we've been holding that for many times. critical debate is the commonwealth now still something that king charles will take on in depth analysis of the data global headlines inside story on al jazeera ah, counter offensive slowing down. ukraine says russians are reinforcing positions in the south and the east as.