His own political interests. It doesnt matter how red or white bolshevik or antibolshevik the russian land is for Alexei Tolstoy it is a shrine, it cannot be sold, it cannot be sold. It cannot be given away to anyone. And thats when this very conflict begins, as a result of which he spat with russian migration and moved from paris to berlin why to berlin because uh, berlin and germany in which, as we know, means in 1918 after the defeat, and in the First World War the war had its own revolution and the kaiser was overthrown. And so germany became the first country that, precisely in 1921, when, in general, it became clear to everyone that soviet power had survived and strengthened, germany concluded first trade agreements and then diplomatic relations with the soviet union and germany berlin became a city. I met both white and red russians, because entire areas of berlin were inhabited by migrants, and at the same time. Uh, soviet writers, soviet writers. And yesenin mayakovsky andrei bely and many others they came to berlin and berlin became such a bridge between emigrations, it was there that Alexey Tolstoy went and it was there that he began to publish the famous newspaper on the eve, that means the newspaper on the eve. It was such a brilliant contraption that it was to conduct propaganda to influence the consciousness of russian emigrants. Why was this important because, well, there you go. We now, for example, i can say about myself , perceive russian emigration. So, very romantic, very idealistic. Here the russian sublimation created the greatest masterpieces of literature, culture, science and technology this is all true, but this is not the whole truth. And the first, especially the first years of immigration. They were painfully complex, when people with an excellent education could not find something to do when the countesses came. Well, maybe not into prostitutes, but to the servants. Uh, when officers had to become lackeys and waiters, all this we remember, there is bulgakov, for example, and in the play there is running. It was a difficult situation for them, and the soviet government had its own task, because , uh, the civil war, emigration drove out qualified personnel. Knocked out a specialist , doctors and teachers , and the authorities were interested in getting them back. And so the newspaper the day before was just conceived by the kremlin, like a seemingly independent newspaper, but which showed the successes of achievement, at least since there was no war on the territory of soviet russia, it had a literary supplement, which was headed by Alexei Tolstoy, and he himself saw the task of publishing those writers who were in exile in paris or somewhere else and those who were in soviet russia that is, he really is. I wanted to unite them. In general, it was always characteristic of him to unite, try on, and the most different sides, and now, when he begins to publish this newspaper, then at that moment immigration rebelled against him, everyone was not fools. Everyone understood perfectly well that they were against it. And what he was aiming for was clear to everyone, that he was, as it were , corrupting the russian emigration, and other people could follow his path, and therefore precisely immigrants. He was told they were the ones who said no. It was they who banned other emigrant writers. Well, there was their own union of sublime writers, so to speak. It was they who said, whoever is published in this newspaper will be damned, and therefore in the end. In general , nothing really came of this project. But why else is this very important, why do i still i remember the time of bunin, because , in fact , a very important ideological dispute began between Alexei Tolstoy and ivan alexei, which has to do with the history of russia. Alexey tolstoy explained his position very simply, there was a civil war, my sympathies were. In the country of whites, but the reds won, this is the choice of my people, the right choice. This is the wrong choice. Not my decision. I am russian person. I do not want and will not live in exile, and i am returning to my country, to which we are all guilty that we plunged her into the abyss of this russian troubles and i call on you, brothers and sisters, to return with me and to cry out for this stormworn, wrecked russian ship, and it is very curious here that when this was published in this same newspaper the day before in the news newspaper reprinted in moscow. So, when i wrote such a manifesto letter, it was published at that moment, and merezhkovsky will receive a scholarship from the french government, so that god forbid they do not return, so that god forbid they do not follow the path of Alexei Tolstoy they would i i think, however, without this degree. And they would not have followed anywhere, because bunin, of course , was an absolutely convinced enemy of what was happening in soviet russia, and here is the dispute between bunin and tolstoy. He is really very important. Bunin will subsequently write such a brilliant article, which is called the mission of russian emigration, and in this article bunin will actually express his definition. What is the meaning of what happened in russia . And this meaning, according to bunin, is that russia no longer exists. This is the formation that arose in this territory. This is not russia for bunin to say the last straw was the renaming of petrograd, leningrad. But, as bunin wrote in this article, it was possible to endure batu khan batus tatarmongol invasion , but you cannot accept lenin and therefore there is no more russia. Soviet russia is so full of morons. This is one that cannot exist if soviet russia is not russia, but real russia is either in exile. And as if the spirit of this real russia is preserved by russian emigrants, or like the city of kitezh it sank on one is somewhere in a deep field, and therefore we will not accept either the soviet calendar or soviet spelling. Im not talking, of course, about soviet ideas, as for Alexei Tolstoy , this bunin thought sounds strange to him russia no longer exists, that is, there is no longer where it goes, but the people who live there, who speak russian. And these russians are russian heaven, russian land. Russian faces. The children who are born there are who and this dispute is what. How to relate to russia. What does he consider his homeland . It really is such an important debate, in the end, Alexei Tolstoy decides to return to his homeland. I repeat quite a bit, without idealizing what is happening there, but i believe that it is the duty of a russian person to live in his native country. Here he is returning. E emigration to the soviet union is perceived as a betrayal. And they say that he sold out to the bolsheviks. In fact. This is all nonsense. He returned to soviet russia as if he were entering a cage with a tiger, because who was he in the eyes of the bolsheviks . In the eyes of the bolsheviks, he was, which means the former count aristocrat killed guardsman who yes, changed his beliefs, but who believes people who change their beliefs and whats more, everyone probably knows about the philosophical steamship that in 1922 took out of petrograd a group of Prominent Russian philosophers and public figures who did not agree with what was happening while in their home country. What is less known is that this ship made a year, after the return voyage. Well, maybe not exactly this passage. In any case, there was a passage that returned the people to their homeland and those people who thought approximately the same as Alexei Tolstoy, yes, that is, those who believed that their country should live so that it would not happen. All these people were shot. Not immediately on the shore. No , they just took note. Stalin really didnt trust the defectors and tolstoy was the only one who survived, but lets finish. I would like to be a little different, but in emigration, in addition to childhood, nikita Alexey Tolstoy wrote a book, which of course everyone knows, which was filmed more than once. The novel helped. This means that the novel in circulation helped has two editions, namely the first part, which is now called sisters. But initially it was called walking helped, which means there was an emigrant part that was published in berlin and there was a part that was later republished, and in the soviet union and bunin , by the way, wrote that tolstoy is so cunning, and such a trickster is a device. He changed it to suit the reality. This is not how we will do it. I just havent compared these two editions; there are differences between them, including ideological differences, but they are not so great and they do not change. Well, as if the heads of thought, which is in this book, and the main idea in this book is that she was not for the reds and not for the whites. She was outside russia , there is a very important scene at the end of the first part there, if you remember, two in general this book is remarkable because there are a lot of good characters. And so, if you remember, it means at the end of the first part, telegin and roshchin are arguing about russia, the action. It just happened in 1917, shortly after the october revolution, and roshchin was terrified that the country was dying. They simply die, because the army is fleeing, because everything has been betrayed, everything has been sold, because there is nothing left of russia and telegin objects to him in this dispute. Telegin removes the historian klyuchevsky from the shelf, he says that the russian land was devastated. He sat in the kremlin, which means he was on the throne after all these impostors. Yes, remember the wrestler godunov there grishka from the rap, and so on. The poles simply sat in the kremlin openly. Yes, and it seemed that there would be nothing more from russia, but then the russian people began to collect russian land and brought a new king, who was there the boy was afraid, he was trembling, but nevertheless they gathered a militia, drove out the poles, defeated some thieving bathhouse gangs , who, uh, walked around moscow, borrowed money, began to raise them, took care of vera, as he writes, that they understood that vera was the most important and grandchildren. These people, these grandchildren were already swedes, and then they founded st. Petersburg, and then russia became a great empire. And a. Telegin tells roshchin that the district will remain from us and russian land will come from there. And this incredible faith in russia this is incredible confidence that russia cannot be destroyed, that russia cannot be killed, that russia cannot be destroyed by this wonderful Alexei Tolstoy this does not negate the fact that he was a cynic, that he was a scoundrel, that he never forgot about himself, his family , his privileges, that he had to treat nothing . This doesnt cancel it. Well, he really was a very complex person. This was, uh, podcast Alexei Tolstoy and uh, with you was the writer and rector of the Literary Institute alexei varla. Thank you hello, im larisa guzeeva, this is a podcast letter. I have a distinguished guest today artist and artistic director of the theater of growth in tsaritsino nonna grishaeva hello, are you still on time . Im catastrophically out of time. Well , now im graduating students. I had a course. Now it will become a little easier, but no, you wont give up anything at the cinema. I refused there was a period when i was invited to head the theater, and i took a break to think about what i could give up in order to do only theater and there was a period when i didnt act. I needed to focus all my energy on theater, and then, when the theater was already on the rails, we began to take off. I returned again and began acting in films and television. You know, i think about everything all the time, except for lyudmila kurchenko and you first. You say its like an actress , as if you were born artists, and here are two like that, maybe thats why im playing her, thats why its because youre bursting like this and couldnt live any other way. You can live without your profession. No. No, this is my air , especially the theater, which i cannot live without. And when i realized that you cant, and ive been since childhood on the stage. Yes, i know, and tell me about the first time when you and your mother left the clinic, in my opinion, the date was given. Yes, i was 5 years old, and uh, we left the clinic. It was the royal near the opera house. Dima kharatyan was filmed there in the film photo on the wall. And i immediately heard music , grabbed my skirt, and began to dance in circles. She immediately ran up to her mother. If you help, he says, i can have your girl in the frame. This is my first embarrassment, and you are right at that moment. Remember , yes, i remember. Yes i remember, and i remember, im from 67 for years now ive been organizing solo concerts for my relatives, writing programs for the first number of the song , such a bass, did you enter the geographical school correctly . Eh, i entered a Ballet School at the age of 7, and a music school, and then a theater bloody studio, where at the age of 10 i played my first leading role as a professional. Tell the stage of the odessa opera theater, but your parents blasphemed you, or its you, or youre in defiance of everyone, but you still went and signed up for these circles yourself. This means that this often happens most often, no, but the parents immediately realized that there was a degenerate in the family and, uh, they became these are my abilities to develop. Thats why mom sent me there and there, and there and they didnt say this banality. First get the profession of a doctor, and then fool around as much as you want. I dont know whats wrong with you. Mom even went to moscow when i was admitted ; i was such a homely girl. Well, how was it possible to let me go alone in the nineties and actually acted like we all did, i came everywhere and when i went to the shopino school. I said mom i will study here mom said yeah yeah yeah. Im mom im telling you, i feel it, ill study here, but who did you sleep with . I entered albert grigor, uga chuburov and then it turned out that Vladimir Vladimirovich ivanov was my classmate on the course. Masha aronova anya dubrovskaya teacher. And even though you immediately entered shchukinskoe, my mother did not leave me. Why, because she came to the hostel and saw that grandpa was at home, yes, and said, no no, you wont stay here. I say, like my mother , no, she took me back to odessa, i entered the vocal department of the odessa state university. I studied there for a year and my mother spent the whole year, so are you ruining my fate . I cant. I want to go to moscow, i want to rent some kind of apartment from my grandmother, so she can look at the money with you. We lived very modestly, but still studied in odessa this year. Yes, you know, yes, and i passed the exam in vocal and acting, my mother called the director of the music school and asked what your girl is doing with us. Take the documents, take the child to moscow. And i came for the second time. My teacher, professor Valentina Petrovna nikolaenko, saw me and told me. , my bird has flown from odessa. Where are you going . Disappeared, then that year, imagine, she remembered me, 300 people in place. And my mother took it away from me. She says, give me the documents immediately for the third round, and yet i stayed in the same hostel. Yes, but what to do . And after college all the theaters wanted you . Well, just everything. Not all, but three, uh, wonderful theaters and lenkom took me to the vakhtangov satirics and i chose, of course, my native vakhtangov. It seemed to me that they knew me there, there was no need to prove it. Eh, oh, no, i had to prove it and how else how many years . It seemed to me that everyone from yuri was carrying me in my arms yakovlev to lanovoy this all happened much later. I played for many years, only small roles, tiny little ones. Yes, yes, yes, for many years, and i even thought about leaving for another theater, because here they wont give me anything anyway, but in the end , uh, when i managed to break through and prove, this is a very long time way, three programs are not enough, but still, i am incredibly grateful to vakhtangovsky for the fact that my partners with whom i played love were yuri vasilyevich yakovlev vasya semenovich this there was absolute happiness. These are people who, despite their status, their stardom. Yes, they were absolutely amazing partners. Firstly, they are men, and you are a pretty young girl who suddenly fell into their tentacle. Why not love you . You know, uh, i once had a funny story with yuri vasilyevich connected in the play the three ages of casanova where i played him, and the last beloved francesca vesta in poetry. And they warned me when they brought me in, my husbands performance went on for a long time and they brought me in. To me they said yuri vasilyevich sometimes forgets the text and thoughts, what is suggested . That is, you must learn both yours and his, as i sometimes suggested. Well, once i failed to do it. He missed one word and uh, hmm, its all wrong, its not for me, the meaning has changed. These are tsvetaevas poems, you know . Listen to the fairy tale, once upon a time there were two people, and in his most beautiful way , i tell her, brother and sister. He says, i say, that means you and me, and yuri vasilyevich forgets one more beautiful word and the meaning completely changes. He says, listen to the story once upon a time there were two people, she was his, and he was hers, and he looked at me. What can i play in poetry . I say brother and sister. He says, well, i say , it means you and i, and i bury him in the knee that we are both split like garbage. Everyone, when we were injecting drugs, they didnt notice it in the hall. They dont hear. They do not understand. It seems to them that this is how it should be, either because they are always attentive. Not always, because i had another opportunity to save semyonovich. He just completely knocked me down, and he himself always told this story, and i played in the play frederick or crime boulevard. It was for his anniversary that he played the great french artist frederic maitre , i am his mistress, a young artist, a beauty, to me in poetry. I come and say, good evening. I came for my evening kiss. He says, good evening, my joy. Good evening, my sweetness. Today we were having fun, spreading our wings on the boulevards , showing off our legs, coming out of this is me, i say, yes, yes, 18th century france and suddenly vasily semyonovich is at my performance it turns out we were having fun today , spreading our wings on the boulevards , showing off our legs as we got off the trolleybus. 18th century france, getting off the trolleybus, suddenly both himself and himself, of course, split up with l