Frederick Winslow Taylor was the most influential management thinker of the 20th century. His "The Principles of Scientific Management" (1911) put management on a new foundation: Replace traditional work methods with rules based on the objective study of work, divide work into discrete tasks, provide "detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that worker's discrete task," measure the worker according to his ability to comply with this ideal, and make liberal use of punishments and rewards.