Spina bifida: Surgery in the womb saves 32 babies from paralysis Advertisement NHS England said the intricate surgery, which involves a team of up to 30 medics, has been carried out on 32 babies in the womb since January 2020. Spina bifida prevents the spine and spinal cord developing properly and can lead to paralysis, as well as bowel, bladder and kidney problems. Teacher Helena Purcell, whose unborn baby was diagnosed with spina bifida, was operated on by the NHS when she was 23 weeks pregnant. She was originally told that her baby would likely be paralysed and incontinent, and would need a shunt in the brain.