communities and recognizing the important role that our immigrants and communities of color play in contributing to the success and vibrant see of this city and nation. so we're celebrating a city, country and world, for all the people. not just some. now i'd like to acknowledge members of the councilor course. present tonight are columbian andre garafo and ms. luna gafaro. and from guatemala, sylvia may and irish council general robert odrisco, from japan, too and general kamono and the mexican council general, ms. arnault and wilma gondoy and julio huerta and i'm sorry if i'm butchering your names. from the philippines we have jedd martin leona and from singapore daryl lau. everyone is important. we have a lot of people so i'm going to read the names really fast. if i have not read your name, come see my staff at the front and give them your card and we'll be glad to call your name out. from taiwan, alex lee and jesse chin of the taipei economic and culture office. district judge, the wonderful honorable ed chen. from us senator harris office, adam mayas and catherine pentako and from david chew's office we have ye chu and we have a certificates from the office and kenneth chan, his field representatives will present that and we have some city department leads. our number one librarian in the entire world, mr. michael lambert. award-winning library. san francisco county clerk, diana ray. the executive director of department of children, youth and families, maria sue and we are waiting for norman yee who is here. great timing. i'd like to recognize a number of commissioners but two that are here. commissioner moses from the juvenile justice probation commission. a former rights commission and ms. terrance clapton from the human rights commission. the honorable judge clapton. if i have not called your name, please forgive me but come up here and we can make up for it. so, we appreciate all of you who came to support the immigrant rights commission tonight in how hot is it? 90° heat at least, right. for most of you, with you know this event has been held at the same time every year for the last three years at the nba finals. tip off time is 6:00 for game 5. send your good energy to the golden state warriors. they need game tonight. see me later if you want the score update. so, for our official greeting, i'd like you to welcome norman yee, president of the board of supervisors. i've known norman for over 30 years. we were children. and he still is the same, quiet, honest, inclusive and effective leader that he always has been. with an engineer's mind and a love for salsa dancing, he always gets the job done so give it up for president norman yee. [applause] >> supervisor yee: good evening. how are you? you know, i just really wanted to come down here, i just came from upstairs, to congratulate and really send congratulations from all my colleagues on the board of supervisors to the 2019 immigrant leadership a award reward immigrants on behalf of all immigrants. it's especially important in today's climate to recognize the contributions that immigrants are making and have made for centuries to our society. you know, through out our nation's history, the role that immigrants have played in shaping this country have often been overlooked. in fact, mostly overlooked. so i'm happy today to be helping to be a part of an event that is celebrating and highlights our immigrant community here in san francisco. now, it's really unfortunate that our political leaders at the federal government aren't doing the same thing because this is what we should be doing throughout the united states to honor our immigrants and contributions. immigrants like frank mccourt from ireland, isabel alonde from chile, issac pearlman from israel and so many more. they enrich our country's cultural treasurer treasures wir contributions. i want to emphasize that immigrants have often been the ones that speak up first to call out injustice done to members in our community. such as after the 9/11 incident, when muslims were under attack by our own federal government, it was those from the japanese heritage who had suffered similar scapegoating in the past who were the ones of the first to stand up and say an injustice to one of us is an injustice to all of us. i want to thank director pawn. your staff and members of the immigrant rights commission for giving me an opportunity today to say thank you. thank you to the awardees who continue to prove to the world that immigrants get the job done. congratulations and happy immigrant heritage month and i really like to give all of them a big hand. [applause] turn it back to adrian. >> thank you, president yee. also i want to recognize someone else in the house, david saint mat from the immigration specialists and field representative for the speaker, nancy pelosi's office. welcome. so next please welcome adam mayhe, the san francisco district director for the office of senator harris. they have been a important part of the commission and our office and a true champion for immigrants and the underserved, adam. under served. there you are. >> good afternoon. i have a letter i would like to read how. friends, welcome to the 2012 immigrant leadership awards. the san francisco office of civic engagement is committed to advocating for justice, immigrant integration and immigration rights. at a time when the unwarranted scapegoating of immigrants has become the norm, we celebrate the city of san francisco for staying in solidarity with immigrant families. today we recognize and honor the accomplishments of the immigrant community from know your rights training through large scale naturalization clinics advocating for san francisco's sanctuary city policy and ensuring access to pro bono low cost immigrants services, the community has been a beacon of light and pillar of hope. i extend my congratulations to all tonight's honorees. thank you for all you do for strengthening our country. warmest wishes for a wonderful celebration. sincerely, senator harris. thank you so much. [applause] >> thank you, adam. in addition to nba finals month, this is also immigrant heritage month and so mayor london breed who was not able to join us tonight has declared this officially immigrant heritage month in san francisco. we will have a copy of this on our website and if you would like a copy of it, see staff. that feels great. so it's my pleasure next to introduce the chair and the vice-chair at the immigrant rights commission. strong, inclusive and strategic describes the leadership team of the immigrant rights commission. i'd like to introduce chair celine canaly and mario pots. [applause] >> i'm going to throw the translate or into a hoop because they won't know what it means. it means good evening and welcome in gaelic. we're delighted to have you all here this evening. i know it's very hot and we hope that the heat in the room will inspire and ignite all of us to continue on the paths that we have chosen to take care of our immigrant communities. this is a very special night. the san francisco immigrant rights commission is one of the oldest and few such commissions in the nation. for over 22 years, we have partnered with the city and the community to ensure the well-being and inclusion of immigrants. from language rights to inclusion and qualities of life for our immigrant communities, we have worked hard to ensure that immigrants are recognized for their many contributions and are treated with the dignity and respect that we wish for all americans. we live in what we still believe to be the land of liberty where freedom reigns and democracy rules. we must have faith that we, the people, of the city and county of san francisco, and of the united states of america, can continue to build upon the success of our immigrant brothers and sisters to ensure equal rights, comprehensive immigration reform and fair and humane policies for all. our dem ok rat see is at risk that's why it's important to support immigrants and all communities who live in fear of discrimination, persecution and violation of their human and religious rights. at immigrant rights commission, we pledge to continue doing our work with honesty, integrity and competence. and in supporting us in that work, before i introduce the commissioners to you, i would like to recognize director ponds, and all of the staff at the office of civic engagement and immigrant affairs. they support each and every one of us in our daily work. they stand up for all immigrants within this city and they make sure that we are cared for, we are supported, and we are always to the forefront of the mind of the city. [applause] presenpresent this evening are r fellow commissioners and i would like to introduce them and i would like you to stand and raise your hand so people know who you are. the event co chairs for this wonderful event have done an amazing job of putting it together, choosing our amazing honorees. [applause] [applause] [applause] welcome. [applause] commissioner jesse ruiz navarro and commissioner alishia wang. thank you. [applause] and i would also like to recognize commissioners michelle wong who are not able to join us this evening. [applause] >> can you also join me in giving our great chair anna plowanapplause for all her leadp please. i'm excited. this is a day that we get to celebrate our immigrant communities. and san francisco will always be a sanctuary city and it will always be a city that will celebrate our immigrant communities. let's give a round of applause for this great city we live in and the values we represent. i'd like to recognize some former commissioners. commissioner toyia moses. thank you for all your years of leadership in san francisco. i believe melva. she's a former commissioner also, i would like to recognize her. thank you. gave us many years of service. three years ago, the commission decided it was time to recognize the many community leaders advocates, champions and supporters of immigrants and honor their powerful contributions. the late mayor, ed lee launched the immigrant leadership award in 2017. the commission is pleased this area to honor 10 individuals or groups who make this world a much better place. all of our honorees tonight have contributed in different ways to support immigrants and many are unsung heroes. we proudly salute them tonight for their dedication and fear lessness in fighting for immigrant rights. and again, we want to welcome you and thank you for being with us this evening to celebrate our immigrant communities. thank you. [applause] >> thank you. i also wanted to recognize commissioner cal. and also our former san francisco chief-of-staff under how many mayors, steve? five? steve in the back. we're going to move along to the awards because i know we are standing between you and that delicious reception. our first award speaking of food, goes to our corporate leader rainbow grocery. rainbow grocery is being recognized for support and value of workers rights and fair trade practices and policies and sustainable food. good food. since 1975, rainbow has supported local communities through employment and livable wages and donations to non profits and community outreach programs. and receiving the award for rainbow is lesley layba and the rainbow gang. [applause] >> good evening, everyone. thank you commissioners. it's such a great honor for us to receive this award. it is particularly meaningful for us as those of us standing up here represent a collective of over 230 workers who own rainbow grocery collectively. we have done so in the mission district of san francisco for the past 44 years. [applause] for the 44 years we've been dedicated to our mission statement of having multi lingual workplace and maintaining a space of inclusivity where all people feel safe, and so this award means a great deal to us. being situated in the mission district of san francisco means that we have enjoyed the generous support of an incredibly diverse and amazing neighborhood of people who have made what we do possible. and we take that very seriously. we also have an incredibly diverse membership within our own collective. people who have come as immigrants from all over the world and we have, for example, 25% of our members who speak spanish as a native language. so this is an amazing chance for us to feel honored and we appreciate very much the work that everyone here does. thank you very much to the commissioners for this award and also for the work you do on behalf of immigrants. [applause] >> honorees. when you come on the stage after you speak, you will receive your award and certificate from our wonderful commissioners and then you can exit stage right. is that right? stage right. ok. next award is our industry leader and this is going to leo sosa. he is an immigrant from guantanamo and he launched throw youth technology programs before starting his own non-profit dove mission, which aims to train young adults age 16-24 for careers in tech. he has also worked in many neighborhoods throughout the city helping to connect low income families to broadband, distributing computers and building computer labs in affordable housing communities. please welcome leo sosa. >> hello. i like the sound of that. now we're ready. i would like to thank my parents. i arrived to this country of may 10 in 1985 not knowing how to speak english, not knowing about the culture, not knowing what was going to happen to me. i can tell you today it's a very special day. i want to thank the san francisco immigrants right commission for nominating me for this wonderful award. this award is not about me, it's about thousands of young people that i have trained for careers in the tech industry since 2003. 60% of those people are immigrants. i just left the computer lab inside valencia gardens and i asked the cohort how many of them are immigrants. out of 18, six say they are and the rest of them say their parents are immigrants. imagine what we're doing in san francisco to connect these people in tech. again, there would be no admission without organization likthe missioneconomic developm, mission house and development corporation, the san francisco house and development corporation, and mercy housing. those are the pillars that made me who i am today. without their support, they'll be no youth technology programs that i launched, no programs, no computers, there will be no subsidized employment dollars for young people. there will be no scholarships and there will be no jobs in tech. so with those non profits, i started building this model that we're going to clothes diversity in the tech industry but most importantly, we're going to connect high school, middle school, elementary and young adults to career pathways that they're going to provide them to stay in san francisco, financial capability opportunities and at the end of the day, they'll be the next immigrant leaders in san francisco. so thank you very much for being here tonight and lastly, i want to thank my wife, my family, and everyone that has believed in the work that wore doing in san francisco in affordable housing communities. [applause] [applause] >> moving right along. next we have three grassroots community organizations in advocates that we'd like to honor. first one is vanessa moses. a powerful black bay area leader and the executive director of just cause. she has a long track record of buildings and leadership of working class communities and in 2017, vanessa's leadership lead to the formation of bay rising a regional alliance of community that organizations working to address inequality and vanessa was a co creator of bay resistance, a rapid response network of over 50 organizations. unfortunately, vanessa is ill tonight but accepting the award for her is gloria. >>[ speaking spanish ] >> good evening, my comrade here and i are representing the work of cal sahouta. present!present!present! [voice of interpreter] thank you very much for this recognition. it means a lot. we would like for the immigrant community to be here as well. the community we work for and the community that works for us on the daily with a lot of effort. [applause] [voice of interpreter] i would like to say it's the immigrant community across the world that is the main economy for the world and it is because of us that we would like to have happiness, peace and love. [applause] [applause] >> our third grassroots leader is kind in need of defense. not the health bar but the organization so kind works to ensure that no refugee or immigrant child faces immigration court alone through direct legal representation of children and they recruit and train pro bono attorneys and advocate for policies that protect the rights of unaccompanied children. kind is a member of the san francisco immigrant legal defense collaborative and it's attorneys participate in the rapid response networks and volunteer as attorneys of the day in immigration court. we are so fortunate to be able to honor kind. [applause] >> hi, everyone. my name is katie and i'm a managing attorney for kind san francisco and fresno offices. thank you so much to the san francisco immigrant rights commission for this honor today. i'm joined by our amazing, incredible team here in san francisco. we are a large team. we have lots of important work to do and we're so honored to be recognized today. kind represents unaccompanied immigrant and refugee children in immigration court proceedings. our clients are part of abandonment in their country and they're in court alone. including children as young as two-years-old but we represent here in san francisco. i was in court today along with my other attorneys and being surrounded by young people, by children in court without attorneys -- it was overwhelming. but kind with support from the city, from all of the partners here, we're a proud member of the san francisco immigrant rights, immigrant legal defence and with support from that collaborative from the mayor's office, the city of san francisco, from observ c c.a.a.e create a model and example for other cities, for other places across the country, the work we're doing here in san francisco. i want to thank our staff here today. [applause] i want to thank our friends and family who are here and most important, i want to thank our clients. they're brave, resilient and examples of all of us and we're so proud to work with them. [applause] >> congratulations to our grassroots leader. ok, if you guys are checking your nba scoreboard on espn, make sure your phone is on silent. ok, thank you. we'll let you know in a minute. our next honoree is a san francisco native and mother of four and she's the head of the committee. she has been involved in community organizing for years. not only does she chair the committee but she formed this organization to support yemini american communities in the bay area during periods of social unrest. her advocacy and organizing efforts challenge harmful, national security and foreign policies that impact the americans and their families here and back in yemen. please, welcome gihan. [applause] >> good evening, everyone. thank you to the san francisco immigrant rights commission and to the office of civic engagement and immigrant affairs. to the city of san francisco and its leadership for this recognition. i am truly honored. as a san francisco native, i am proud of how my city has been at the forefront of protecting immigrant communities. especially during this harsh, anti immigrant islamophobic political climate. the yemen community has been so brave. so brave in resilience and these times even while still impacted by the war in yemen. even still separated due to the muslim ban. to my community, i am inspired by your strength. and will not stop being an advocate for our causes. to our allies, i thank you for your solidarity. our struggles are bound and our liberation is bound. i would not be here today without my family. shout out to my family. and my team are also chairs of the alliance committee here. [applause] and my organizational bffs on the ground still fighting the good fight. is san francisco will stand up and fight back. thank you. [applause] [applause] >> all right. next stop, i'm not going to read you the score yet. we have our public-private non-profit collaboration and our honoree this year is the latino cultural district. it began in 1999 as a grassroots organization formed by community members in the mission district. it's council members represent merchants, residents, landlords, service non profits, arts, organizations and the mayor established a latino cultural districts. the mission is to preserve enhance and advocate for latino, continuity, and. >> i first just want to thank the immigrants rights commission for this great award. we all do and folks from the commission district are also honored to receive this award. we became a cultural district in 2014 but we have an active since 1999. as you know, the mission district has been impacted greatly by gentrification displacement in the last 10 to eight years and we've our work is great and we realize we can't do this alone and there's a lot of us involved in the neighborhood with our allies and our neighbors and our merchants and our non profits and artist are all involved in this great battle to preserve our community, our culture, our business. everything that creates our community, everything that makes us viable and sustainable is that we're trying to preserve. so, we can't do this alone and so we have all of you, at the city, to really help us preserve our community. we can't do it alone. thank you. [applause] [applause] >> our next award is special. it's the vera hail champion of justice award named for our late i.r.c. commissioner who, as all of you know, a very fierce advocate for immigrants and the underserved. she never let us forget for a second who we served and challenges us always to never stop fighting for the rights of others. the san francisco public defender immigration defence unit was established on may 23rd, 2017 by our late brother, the late public defender jeff hadachi to ensure that detained immigrants facing deportation and immigration court have accessed to council. the unit has handled more than 240 cases and helped stop the deportation of around 75% of its clients. pretty good success rate. it is now among the largest and the best known publicly funded detained removal defence providers in california. accepting the award is deputy public defender jennifer freedman, who many of you know from her outstanding work in new york state and francisco, our long time colleague and champion. [applause] >> good afternoon, thank you. i want to thank the immigration rights office and immigrant affairs for this recognize and all of us in the immigration defense unit at the public defenders office. through the generous support of the city of san francisco, we, the public defenders immigration unit, represent detained immigrants facing deportation right here in san francisco. there arality attorneys and five support staff. this work has never been more important and never been harder. this unit was designed by our fear less leader to fight back. we believe fiercely that every immigrant deserves zealous representation, even those with criminal convictions. everyday, we're bringing our public defenders' spirit and determination to the table to bat many on behalf of our immigrant neighbors. we represent the entire san francisco community, all of us. when we show up to court and demand our clients' rights. together we are fighting back. we will not allow this administration to deprive our clients of their faraday in fain court. thank you for making this possible. we would not be here without all of your support. [applause] >> each year the commission recognizes an emerging youth leader and this year we are honoring karla laurel, west bay filipino multi service center. karla is a second generation filipino-american and bay area native. she began working at west bay a decade ago as a volunteer helping to launch the first culturally sensitive college prep program for filipino youth in south of market and expanded west based services to immigrant families from other countries. as executive director, now remember, 10 years ago she was a volunteer, 10 years later she's executive director. not bad, huh. karla supports west bay's mission to enhance the quality of life, of underserved youth, seniors and their families. >> good evening, everyone. thank you to the san francisco office of civic engagement and immigrant affairs. the executive director, clerk, the immigrant rights commission and it's chairs for this amazing honor. first and foremost i want to thank god for this amazing honor. i would also like to thank all of those who have made a difference in west bay for the past 50 years that we've been in service. to all of the board members, past executive directors, our community partners who are here as well. and all those that have dedicated themselves to the work who have supported me and west bay. thank you for being here today. i stand here simply as a face to an organization who have had the privilege of working with such a vibrant community, a filipino immigrant families. we have now gren to support vietnamese, latino and recent immigrant families as well. it was brought to my attention a little while ago that i am the first filipino to get this award. [applause] and as the director of an organization that started before i was here, and is rooted in 100-year history of filipinos in san francisco, and representing the largest immigrant community here in san francisco, i'm humbled and proud. filipinos have been here in san francisco and especially in the south of market neighborhood and so this award is for them. for the families that work multiple jobs, don't have their children here because they couldn't take all of them here because i've had the immigration laws work and the mothers and fathers who are made parking lot attendants, drivers, securities at the mall and working two, three, four too many jobs and all while putting their kids through college and hoping to achieve this same american dream that we all want. and also, to the recent immigrant, young adults and youth, who are working to support their families as well while paying their way through college. to all the filipinos in the south of market neighborhood who would never get this recognition or acknowledgment. although i maybe the first filipino to receive award the won't be the last and it doesn't mean there are heroes and leaders that have been here and continue to be here whose names you may never know. i am here sim plo simply to rept them and let everyone know we're here. we've been here. you've been here and you matter. i would like to acknowledge and recognize a particular young lady, who i met with she was a youth. when i began my journey working with this immigrant community. she came to the u.s. from the philippines as a young child and has been a part of the west base since she was in the fourth grade. she never let her circumstances growing up in a dangerous neighborhood or any label define her potential. she's our program coordinator for our middle school youth and a college graduate from san francisco state university. yes! where she works her butt off. [applause] to get on the honor roll and be a working student as one of our staff so she's graduating with zero student loans. yes! so although i'm honored to get this award i wanted to dedicate to my wonderful, amazing staff, my inspiration. thank you so much. [applause] [applause] >> karla is self less and a great leader. it gives me great pleasure to introduce our volunteers of the year, not just one but you get four. all members of the same family. and there's just the most fun family ever. the wang family. so amy wang is the volunteer coordinator for the san francisco pathways to citizenship initiative. she has coordinated hundreds of volunteers including her own parents, andy wang and anne lee chen and her sister abby wang and if they have a dog, i'm sure the dog is going to be volunteering too. the wang family is supported the pathways initiative's mission to promote citizenship in san francisco and has volunteered at nearly every single naturalization workshop since it started in 2013. amy is just an amazing person. her family is awesome. amy works at the bay area iiba. international institute of bay area, a non-profit organization that provides immigration legal services to low income immigrant communities. if you have family members that want to volunteer, please see amy after the program. [applause] >> thank you, very much to the immigrant rights commission for this honor. we really appreciate it. as was mentioned earlier, since 2013, the san francisco pathways to citizenship initiative has helped thousands of immigrants inside san francisco and outside of san francisco in their journey to become u.s. citizens. if you are interested in joining us at the next naturalization workshop, please give me a holler or you can reach out to us and we can get you set up. i hope to see you all at the next workshop. [applause] [applause] >> also i'd like to recognize in the house is our former irc commissioner, russ gerbin. the final award is a very, very special award to many of us. this award is special recognition to the friends of the crystal city pilgrimage. the friends of crystal city pilgrimage is a group of 60 japanese-american and japanese-peruvian immigrants. including survivors of the camp in texas who traveled to texas this year to speak out against immigration detention of our border children and families and protested women and children at the south texas family center in dilly the largest immigration detention center in the country today. they carry 25,000 hand voted cranes to the prison in sol tar tee. we're honored these cor courages americans are here tonight and allowing us to honor in turn of recognizing them. please welcome the friends of the christian city pilgrimage. [applause] >> thank you so much for honoring us with this award. it's beautiful to be here with all of you and i'd like to say one thing, strength in numbers. [applause] i also would like to say in japanese, good evening. >> my name is nancy and i was honored to be part of the crystal city pilgrimage this year and i'd like to ask you all a question. why is the fight against jailing children and separation of families a fight for japanese americans too? and i think all of us here, this is part of the committee, believe that because our people, during world war ii, 120,000 why taken from our homes without due process and incarcerated and concentration camps across the country. most of us were citizens. one-third were children. and among our pilgrims, seven were incarcerated and crystal city and it was the first time for many of them to go back to that site. so, after we paid homage to our ancestors and survivors, we got on a bus, wore age 24-88. we were from california, new york, colorado, texas and washington and we got on a bus and drove 40 miles to another prison. we went to the dill' we we took frames and the ones here are from san quinton and what we did was we hung them on the fence to show our solidarity and behalf of the survivors of the camps and the tens of thousands and migrants who are in detention and we will not forget you and we will come back and there's another pilgrimage being planned for november of this year and next year some of us are going to take 125,000 origami cranes to washington d.c. to keep the message going. [applause] because we're in san francisco, i just wanted to introduce you to these people, they met in detention under the age of four. they came back to san francisco. they've gone to school together, been cub scouts together and they went back to the pilgrimage and back to the fence to protest the incarceration of women and children. [applause] >> i just want to say that it was 77 years ago that there was wartime was surreal, discrimination, which resulted in injustice. and now, 77 years later, there's hiss ter why ter a and discrimin the white house. it's discrimination we must stop that. don't let history repeat itself. thank you. [applause] >> thank you. my name is kazumo. i am a japanese peruvian. my family was kidnapped in march of 1944. we were imprisoned at the camp. we were stripped of our civil rights, our human rights. without due process. no representation. the same thing is happening at our borders today and our message is on our t-shirt. stop repeating history. stop repeating history. i wanted to say thank you to the san francisco immigrants. on behalf of the japanese families and japanese american families and thank you for our honor and also again recognizing us and recognizing our slogan. thank you. [applause] thank you. >> i was born in the concentration camp in utah and i was almost five-years-old when i was finally released from crystal city. my family had been incarcerated for five years and our whole effort is to end the discrimination and the imprisonment of asylum seekers especially in south texas where we were. and we're going back in november to do the same thing again but this time with a larger crowd. 300 people. so, we are committed. [applause] >> [applause] >> what an amazing group of leaders. would you please join me in congratulating everyone again. [applause] thank you. >> i know i said i wasn't going to give you the score but it's tied. and it's still in the first quarter. so, send your positive energy to our golden state warriors. thank you to the many people and organizations that make tonight's program possible. amy chan and gillman loy, henry him. check out the exhibit in the middle of the room. our artist, christian and christian is creating incompetenteinteractive art. ray mar foods international, our catering. the office of mayor london n. breed. martha cohen, the san francisco board of supervisors, city administrator, sfgovtv and most of all to our wonderful event coordinators who are shy every year they do this and they hide in the back of the room so melissa chan, jamie richardson and elaine ashore. please come up and receive an award. thank you. [applause] hurry up, because you are standing up between everybody and their reception. come on, melissa. i'm calling them up because every single event that we do, every single year, they do the work and then they hide in the back and they never receive their thank you. since we're thanking everybody for their wonderful, important work we're thanking the three of you for yours. ok. [applause] >> thank you. and also, to our wonderful staff, our interpreters, the entire staff. raise your hands if you are staff. and all those guys in the yellow and blackjack et cetera. black jackets. they are our community embassadors and they make our streets safe for all of us. thank you to them. score is sll